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Barbosa GM, Calixto R, Nakazato RK, Tavares AR, Domingos M, Rinaldi MCS. Effects of heavy metals and high temperature on Atlantic Forest species: Analysis of their tolerance capacity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142449. [PMID: 38801900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Changes in temperature and the deposition of potential pollutants in the soil, such as heavy metals, may damage plant communities, altering their physiological processes. High temperature may also cause a series of morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants. However, tolerant plant species tend to restrict these harmful effects. The present study investigates the impact of atmospheric warming on the accumulation capacity of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cu) in the roots and leaves of a pioneer species (Croton floribundus) and a non-pioneer species (Esenbeckia leiocarpa) native to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The experimental design involved exposing the plants to two soil treatments: without excess metals (-M) and with excess metals (+M), along with varying thermoperiods of 26 °C day/19 °C night and 32 °C day/20 °C night in growth chambers. Over a 28-day period, we assessed weekly metal content, translocation, growth parameters, a non-enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione) and indicators of cell damage or oxidative stress (chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, malondialdehyde and conjugated diene hydroperoxide contents). Both species exhibited increased metal accumulation under excess metals, employing distinct translocation strategies. C. floribundus showed high translocation rates of Ni to leaves and E. leiocarpa immobilized Ni in the roots. Atmospheric warming reduced Cu and Ni translocation from roots to leaves in both species. C. floribundus displayed lower physiological damage compared to E. leiocarpa, demonstrating robust growth. We concluded that the pioneer species possessed greater tolerance to oxidative stress induced by temperature and metal-related environmental factors than the non-pioneer species, confirming our hypothesis. In addition, our finding provides valuable insights for conservation and management of ecosystems affected by climatic and pollutant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geane Martins Barbosa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Caixa, Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Regina Calixto
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Caixa, Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Caixa, Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lao ZL, Wu D, Li HR, Feng YF, Zhang LW, Jiang XY, Liu YS, Wu DW, Hu JJ. Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in plants and health perspective for human: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118431. [PMID: 38346481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant uptake, accumulation, and transformation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) play vital roles in their geochemical cycles and exposure risks. Here we reviewed the recent research advances in OPEs in plants. The mean OPE concentrations based on dry/wet/lipid weight varied in 4.80-3,620/0.287-26.8/12,000-315,000 ng g-1 in field plants, and generally showed positive correlations with those in plant habitats. OPEs with short-chain substituents and high hydrophilicity, particularly the commonly used chlorinated OPEs, showed dominance in most plant samples, whereas some tree barks, fruits, seeds, and roots demonstrated dominance of hydrophobic OPEs. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic OPEs can enter plants via root and foliar uptake, and the former pathway is mainly passively mediated by various membrane proteins. After entry, different OPEs undergo diverse subcellular distributions and acropetal/basipetal/intergenerational translocations, depending on their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic OPEs mainly exist in cell sap and show strong transferability, hydrophobic OPEs demonstrate dominant distributions in cell wall and limited migrations owing to the interception of Casparian strips and cell wall. Additionally, plant species, transpiration capacity, growth stages, commensal microorganisms, and habitats also affect OPE uptake and transfer in plants. OPE metabolites derived from various Phase I transformations and Phase II conjugations are increasingly identified in plants, and hydrolysis and hydroxylation are the most common metabolic processes. The metabolisms and products of OPEs are closely associated with their structures and degradation resistance and plant species. In contrast, plant-derived food consumption contributes considerably to the total dietary intakes of OPEs by human, particularly the cereals, and merits specifical attention. Based on the current research limitations, we proposed the research perspectives regarding OPEs in plants, with the emphases on their behavior and fate in field plants, interactions with plant-related microorganisms, multiple uptake pathways and mechanisms, and comprehensive screening analysis and risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lang Lao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Fei Feng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Long-Wei Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Yi Jiang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Shan Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Wei Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Kumar R, Verma V, Thakur M, Singh G, Bhargava B. A systematic review on mitigation of common indoor air pollutants using plant-based methods: a phytoremediation approach. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1-27. [PMID: 37359395 PMCID: PMC10005924 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, especially indoor air pollution, has become a global issue and affects nearly all domains of life. Being both natural and anthropogenic substances, indoor air pollutants lead to the deterioration of the ecosystem and have a negative impact on human health. Cost-effective plant-based approaches can help to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), regulate temperature, and protect humans from potential health risks. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the common indoor air pollutants and their mitigation through plant-based approaches. Potted plants, green walls, and their combination with bio-filtration are such emerging approaches that can efficiently purify the indoor air. Moreover, we have discussed the pathways or mechanisms of phytoremediation, which involve the aerial parts of the plants (phyllosphere), growth media, and roots along with their associated microorganisms (rhizosphere). In conclusion, plants and their associated microbial communities can be key solutions for reducing indoor air pollution. However, there is a dire need to explore advanced omics technologies to get in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with plant-based reduction of indoor air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghawendra Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Moura BB, Bolsoni VP, de Paula MD, Dias GM, de Souza SR. Ozone Impact on Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Tropical Tree Species From the Atlantic Forest Remnants in Southeast Brazil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879039. [PMID: 35812949 PMCID: PMC9263830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants emit a broad number of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) that can impact urban ozone (O3) production. Conversely, the O3 is a phytotoxic pollutant that causes unknown alterations in BVOC emissions from native plants. In this sense, here, we characterized the constitutive and O3-induced BVOCs for two (2dO3) and four (4dO3) days of exposure (O3 dose 80 ppb) and evaluated the O3 response by histochemical techniques to detect programmed cell death (PCD) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in three Brazilian native species. Croton floribundus Spreng, Astronium graveolens Jacq, and Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) JF Macbr, from different groups of ecological succession (acquisitive and conservative), different carbon-saving defense strategies, and specific BVOC emissions. The three species emitted a very diverse BVOC composition: monoterpenes (MON), sesquiterpenes (SEQ), green leaf volatiles (GLV), and other compounds (OTC). C. floribundus is more acquisitive than A. graveolens. Their most representative BVOCs were methyl salicylate-MeSA (OTC), (Z) 3-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenal (GLV), γ-elemene and (-)-β-bourbonene (SEQ) β-phellandrene and D-limonene (MON), while in A. graveolens were nonanal and decanal (OTC), and α-pinene (MON). Piptadenia gonoachanta is more conservative, and the BVOC blend was limited to MeSA (OTC), (E)-2-hexenal (GLV), and β-Phellandrene (MON). The O3 affected BVOCs and histochemical traits of the three species in different ways. Croton floribundus was the most O3 tolerant species and considered as an SEQ emitter. It efficiently reacted to O3 stress after 2dO3, verified by a high alteration of BVOC emission, the emergence of the compounds such as α-Ionone and trans-ß-Ionone, and the absence of H2O2 detection. On the contrary, A. graveolens, a MON-emitter, was affected by 2dO3 and 4dO3, showing increasing emissions of α-pinene and β-myrcene, (MON), γ-muurolene and β-cadinene (SEQ) and H2O2 accumulation. Piptadenia gonoachanta was the most sensitive and did not respond to BVOCs emission, but PCD and H2O2 were highly evidenced. Our results indicate that the BVOC blend emission, combined with histochemical observations, is a powerful tool to confirm the species' tolerance to O3. Furthermore, our findings suggest that BVOC emission is a trade-off associated with different resource strategies of species indicated by the changes in the quality and quantity of BVOC emission for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palermo Bolsoni
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Dias de Paula
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Muniz Dias
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ribeiro de Souza
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Andrade GC, Santana BVN, Rinaldi MCS, Ferreira SO, Silva RCD, Silva LCD. Leaf surface traits related to differential particle adsorption - A case study of two tropical legumes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153681. [PMID: 35134410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test a set of epidermal traits in two legume species with contrasting chemical, physical, and micromorphological leaf-surface features to assess which ones would determine higher PM retention. For that, we performed a biomonitoring study in southeastern Brazil at the Steel Valley Metropolitan Region, where there is predominance of steel industry and one of the largest vehicle fleets in the country. A reference station was installed at a neighboring park. We evaluated leaf-surface roughness at two hierarchical levels, leaf wettability, epidermal-cell anticlinal-wall undulation, epidermal-cell perimeter, and the micromorphology and chemical composition of epicuticular waxes. Particle retention was significantly higher in Paubrasilia echinata than in Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya, the former of which has lower roughness given by both the epidermal tissue (macro-roughness; 0.6 vs 2.6 μm) and epicuticular waxes (micro-roughness; 68 vs 220 nm), higher leaf wettability (82° vs 143°), lower epidermal-cell undulation index (1.2 vs 1.8), lower epidermal-cell perimeter (93 vs 146 μm), wax deposition in the form of a smooth layer (as opposed to densely aggregated rosettes of vertical platelets), and more polar wax chemical constitution (68% vs 47% of polar compounds). While all of the assessed traits contributed to particle retention, canonical loadings revealed that macro-roughness was the trait that contributed the most to the retention of PM2.5 (ca = 1.47; r = -0.56), PM10 (ca = 1.08; r = -0.61), PM100 (ca = -4.95; r = -0.39) and TSP (ca = 0.98; r = -0.62), although this trait was shown by factor analysis to be secondary in distinguishing between species (0.92 contribution to the second axis). Our findings shed new light on the criteria that should be considered when selecting species for green infrastructure aiming to reduce urban air pollution, as well as on novel possibilities for PM biomonitoring in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi
- Research Center for Ecology, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sukarno Olavo Ferreira
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Santos DD, Santos OSL, Domingos M, Rinaldi MCS. Pah levels in the soil-litter-vegetation-atmosphere system of Atlantic Forest remnants in Southeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:293. [PMID: 35332388 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a hotspot for biodiversity conservation, it is one of the most fragmented biomes in Brazil and also affected by air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study aimed at measuring the PAH levels in leaf trees, litter, soil, and atmosphere of two Atlantic Forest remnants impacted by air pollutants during summer and winter periods; identifying emission sources; and investigating the relationship among the PAH concentrations in the soil, litter, leaves, and atmosphere. Site 1 is situated in the largest South American city, with rainy summers and dry winters, and characterized by intense urbanization. Site 2 is situated in a large forest continuum and is characterized by wet climate with no defined dry seasons. It is more distant from the anthropogenic urban sources than site 1, but closer to an industrial complex. No differences were detected for PAH amounts (summer + winter) in the particles and wet deposition fluxes between sites. In site 1, the highest concentrations of PAHs in the particles were measured during the winter while in the leaf trees were measured during the summer. PMF model showed that sites 1 and 2 receive PAHs mainly from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, respectively. The accumulation of heavier compounds in soil and leaves via wet deposition was more evident in site 2. PAHs were mainly stored in the soil of site 1, contrasting with site 2, where they were retained in litter, which were attributed to disturbances of decomposer community and reduced decomposition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal, São Paulo, 68041, 04045-972, Brazil
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal, São Paulo, 68041, 04045-972, Brazil.
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Sala-Carvalho WR, Montessi-Amaral FP, Esposito MP, Campestrini R, Rossi M, Peralta DF, Furlan CM. Metabolome of Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., a cosmopolitan moss: the influence of seasonality. PLANTA 2022; 255:77. [PMID: 35239061 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceratodon purpureus showed changes in disaccharides, flavonoids, and carotenoids throughout annual seasons. These changes indicate harsher environmental conditions during the dry period, directing metabolic precursors to enhance the antioxidant system. Bryophytes are a group of land plants comprising mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Marchantyophyta), and hornworts (Antocerotophyta). This study uses the molecular networking approach to investigate the influence of seasonality (dry and rainy seasons) on the metabolome and redox status of the moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., from Campos do Jordão, Brazil. Samples of C. purpureus were submitted to three extraction methods: 80% methanol producing the soluble fraction (intracellular compounds), followed by debris hydrolysis using sodium hydroxide producing the insoluble fraction (cell wall conjugated compounds), both analyzed by HPLC-MS; and extraction using pre-cooled methanol, separated into polar and non-polar fractions, being both analyzed by GC-MS. All fractions were processed using the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Network (GNPS). The redox status was assessed by the analysis of four enzyme activities combined with the analysis of the contents of ascorbate, glutathione, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde acid (MDA). During the dry period, there was an increase of most biflavonoids, as well as phospholipids, disaccharides, long-chain fatty acids, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes, ROS, and MDA. Results indicate that C. purpureus is under harsher environmental conditions during the dry period, mainly due to low temperature and less water availability (low rainfall).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton R Sala-Carvalho
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Francisco P Montessi-Amaral
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marisia P Esposito
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Richard Campestrini
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Denilson F Peralta
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Avenida Miguel Estéfano, 3687, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Furlan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Fernandes FF, Moura BB. Foliage visible injury in the tropical tree species, Astronium graveolens is strictly related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41726-41735. [PMID: 33791962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the development of visible injury related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy) in native tropical species Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) and validates the symptoms using structural markers attributed to oxidative burst and hypersensitive responses. Increasing POD0 was associated with increasing O3 visible injury using different metrics as the incidence (INC = number of injured plants/total number of plants × 100), severity (SF = number of injured leaves/total number of leaves on injured plant × 100), and severity leaflet (SFL = number of injured leaflets/total number leaflets injured plant × 100). The effective dose (ED), which represents the POD0 dose responsible for inducing 20 (ED20), 50 (ED50), or 80% (ED80) of visible injury, were used to demonstrate that for this species, the response is similar even when the plants are exposed to diverse climate environments. Further investigation of the INC and SF index may help in long-term forest monitoring sites dedicated to O3 assessment in forests, while the SFL index seems to be an excellent indicator to be used in the short term to investigate the effects of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Baesso Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Engela MRGDS, Furlan CM, Esposito MP, Fernandes FF, Carrari E, Domingos M, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y. Metabolic and physiological alterations indicate that the tropical broadleaf tree Eugenia uniflora L. is sensitive to ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145080. [PMID: 33736256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eugenia uniflora L. is an important fruit tree native to tropical South America that adapts to different habitats, thanks to its metabolic diversity and ability to adjust the leaf antioxidant metabolism. We hypothesized that this metabolic diversity would also enable E. uniflora to avoid oxidative damage and tolerate the enhanced ozone (O3) concentrations that have been registered in the (sub)tropics. We investigated whether carbohydrates, polyphenols and antioxidants are altered and markers of oxidative damage (ROS accumulation, alterations in leaf gas exchange, growth and biomass production) are detected in plants exposed to two levels of O3 (ambient air and twice elevated ozone level in a O3-FACE system for 75 days). Phytotoxic O3 dose above a threshold of 0 nmol m-2 s-1 (POD0) and accumulated exposure above 40 ppb (AOT40) were 3.6 mmol m-2 and 14.898 ppb h at ambient, and 4.7 mmol m-2 and 43.881 ppb h at elevated O3. Twenty-seven primary metabolites and 16 phenolic compounds were detected in the leaves. Contrary to the proposed hypothesis that tropical broadleaf trees are relatively O3 tolerant, we concluded that E. uniflora plants are sensitive to elevated O3 concentrations. Experimental POD0 values were lower than the critical levels for visible foliar O3, because of low stomatal conductance. In spite of this low stomatal O3 uptake, we found classic O3 injury, e.g. reduction in carbohydrates and fatty acids concentrations; non-significant changes in the polyphenol profile; inefficient antioxidant responses; increased contents of ROS and indicators of lipid peroxidation; reductions in stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, root/shoot ratio and height growth. However, we also found some compensation mechanisms, e.g. increased leaf concentration of polyols for protecting the membranes, and increased leaf number for compensating the decline of photosynthetic rate. These results help filling the knowledge gap about tropical tree responses to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Maria Furlan
- Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Matão St. 257, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Faia Fernandes
- Institute of Botany, Ecology Research Center, Avenue Miguel Estéfano, 3687, 04301-012, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Institute of Botany, Ecology Research Center, Avenue Miguel Estéfano, 3687, 04301-012, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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10
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Cruz CES, de Freitas-Silva L, Ribeiro C, da Silva LC. Physiological and morphoanatomical effects of glyphosate in Eugenia uniflora, a Brazilian plant species native to the Atlantic Forest biome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21334-21346. [PMID: 33411283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate can cause severe ecotoxicological effects on non-target organisms. Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is very important for in situ environmental biomonitoring due to its wide distribution in the Atlantic Forest biome. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of E. uniflora leaves to glyphosate. Eight-month-old plants were exposed to an aerial application of the herbicide at concentrations of 0, 144, 432, 864, and 1440 g a. e. ha-1 (grams of acid equivalent per hectare). Evaluations were performed on the 12th day after the glyphosate application (DAA). An accumulation of shikimic acid in the leaves of E. uniflora was observed. Glyphosate altered the photosynthetic parameters of the treated plants, with a drastic decrease in the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and pigment content. There was an increase in Ci/Ca, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte extravasation levels. Glyphosate also promoted ultrastructural, anatomical and visible damage to the E. uniflora leaves. Our findings indicate that glyphosate is phytotoxic to the native species E. uniflora at the tested doses. The presence of visible damage suggests that E. uniflora has remarkable potential as a bioindicator of glyphosate in the environment, making it a possible species for future biomonitoring projects.
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11
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Nakazato RK, Lourenço IS, Esposito MP, Lima MEL, Ferreira ML, Campos RDOA, Rinaldi MCS, Domingos M. Trace metals at the tree-litter-soil- interface in Brazilian Atlantic Forest plots surrounded by sources of air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115797. [PMID: 33065365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive biomonitoring was applied in four Atlantic forest plots in southeast Brazil, affected by different levels of trace metal pollution (OP site located in Minas Gerais State and PEFI, PP and STG located in São Paulo State). Native tree species were selected as biomonitors according to their abundance in each plot and successional classification. Current trace metal concentrations in total suspended particles, leaves of non-pioneer (NPi) and pioneer (Pi) species, topsoil (0-20 cm) and litter and concentration ratios at the plant/soil interface were analyzed to verify the atmosphere-plant-soil interactions, basal concentrations, spatial variations and metal accumulation at the ecosystem level. Redundant analysis helped to identify similar characteristics of metal concentrations in PP and PEFI, which can be influenced by the high concentrations of elements related to anthropogenic inputs. Analysis of variance and multivariate statistics indicated that the trees of OP presented higher concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni than those in the other sites. High enrichment of Cd, Fe, Ni in non-pioneer plants indicated that the PP forest (initially considered as the least polluted) has still been affected by metal pollution. Soil collected in STG was enriched by all elements, however these elements were low available for plant uptake. Metal deposited in leaves and litter was an important sink for soil cycling, nevertheless, these metals are not bioavailable in most cases. Non-pioneer tree species revealed to be more appropriate than pioneer species to indicate the current panorama of the contamination and bioavailability levels of trace metals in the tree community-litter-soil interface of the Atlantic forest remnants included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela S Lourenço
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
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12
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Giampaoli P, Fernandes FF, Tavares AR, Domingos M, Cardoso-Gustavson P. Fluorescence emission spectra of target chloroplast metabolites (flavonoids, carotenoids, lipofuscins, pheophytins) as biomarkers of air pollutants and seasonal tropical climate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25363-25373. [PMID: 32347483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have luminescent metabolites-chlorophyll being the most known one-whose fluorescence emission may be a useful tool to assess the physiological status of the plant. Some antioxidants (flavonoids and carotenoids), and byproducts of membrane rupture (lipofuscins) and chlorophyll degradation (pheophytins), are chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites directly involved in plant response to environmental stressors and pollutants and may act as a biomarker of stress. Here we hypothesized that climatic variations and air pollutants induce alterations in the emission profile of chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites in Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae). To test this hypothesis, an active biomonitoring study was performed during 2 years in five polluted sites located at the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil), aiming to identify target chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites acting as biomarkers of environmental stress. In situ identification and quantification of the intensity of the fluorescence emission from target metabolites (flavonoids, carotenoids, lipofuscins, and pheophytins) were performed by the observation of fresh leaf sections under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Changes in the profile of fluorescence emission were correlated with local climate and air pollution data. The fluorescence emissions of flavonoids and carotenoids varied seasonally, with significant influence of rainfall and NO2. Our results expand the use of T. usneoides as a bioindicator by using alterations in the fluorescence emission profile of chloroplast metabolites. This application may be especially interesting for NO2 biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giampaoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Francine Faia Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, Brazil.
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13
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. A critical review on plant biomonitors for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air through solvent extraction techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126441. [PMID: 32443242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons having two or more fused aromatic rings, released from natural (like forest fires and volcanic eruption) as well as man-made sources (like burning of fossil fuel & wood, automobile emission). They are persistent priority pollutants and continue to last for a long time in the environment causing severe damage to human health owing to their genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The study of PAHs in environment has therefore aroused a global concern. PAHs adsorption to plant cell wall is facilitated by transpiration and plant root lipids which help PAHs transfer from roots to leaves and stalks, causing more accumulation of contaminants with the increase in lipid content. Hence, these bioaccumulators can be utilized as biomonitors for indirect assessment of ambient air pollution. Efficacy of specific plants, lichens and mosses as useful biomonitors of airborne PAHs pollution has been discussed in this review along with prevalent classical and modified extraction techniques coupled with proper analytical procedures in order to gain an insight into the assessment of atmospheric PAHs concentrations. Different modern and modified solvent extraction techniques along with conventional Soxhlet method are identified for extraction of PAHs from accumulative bioindicators and analytical methods are also developed for accurate determination of PAHs. Process parameters like choice of solvent, temperature, time of extraction, pressure and matrix characteristics are usually checked. An approach of biomonitoring of PAHs using plants, lichens and mosses has been discussed here as they usually trap the atmospheric PAHs and mineralize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Roque-Álvarez I, Sosa-Rodríguez FS, Vazquez-Arenas J, Escobedo-Bretado MA, Labastida I, Corral-Rivas JJ, Aragón-Piña A, Armienta MA, Ponce-Peña P, Lara RH. Spatial distribution, mobility and bioavailability of arsenic, lead, copper and zinc in low polluted forest ecosystem in North-western Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:320-333. [PMID: 30005354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A geochemical-environmental mapping was carried for a low polluted forest in North-western Mexico (Santiago Papasquiaro mining area), as part of the North American forests accounting for environmental behavior of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in soil and tree components (stem wood and aciculums). Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques along with standard protocols were used to determine the mineralogical phases containing these elements, and their corresponding spatial distributions in soil and forests and mobility. In soil, total As, Pb, Zn and Cu ranged from 4.9 to 98.3, 19.6 to 768.6, 19.6 to 407.1, and 1.6 to 63.8 mg kg-1, respectively. Ultrafine particles (<5-10 μm) of arsenopyrite and sphalerite (and complex Zn-Fe phase) were the main As and Zn-bearing phases determined by SEM-EDS, respectively. Complex Pb-Cu-Fe and Cu-O oxide-like phases were the only ones containing Pb and Cu, respectively. Mobility was low for Pb, Zn and Cu, whereas a significant mobility was assessed for As. Concentrations vs. depth profiles suggested progressive accumulations of As, Pb, Zn and Cu in top soil. Total As, Pb, Zn and Cu in pine stem wood varied from 11.5 to 184.5, 98.9 to 7359.8, 3242.7 to 22197.3, 689.2 to 7179.6 μg kg-1, respectively. The respective concentrations in the pine needles ranged from 50 to 624.2, 100 to 16353.1, 120 to 46440.9 and 720 to 7200 μg kg-1, indicating an active bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Zn and Cu. A prospective environmental behavior was discussed for As, Pb, Zn and Cu in the low-polluted forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Roque-Álvarez
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico; Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, MICAF, Institute for Silviculture and Wood Industry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Fabiola S Sosa-Rodríguez
- Economic Growth and Environment, Economics, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vazquez-Arenas
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto S/N, Col. La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Escobedo-Bretado
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Israel Labastida
- Department of Energy, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Javier Corral-Rivas
- Institute of Forestry and Wood Industry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Antonio Aragón-Piña
- Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2da, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ma Aurora Armienta
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Geophysics, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ponce-Peña
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - René H Lara
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S / N, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico.
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15
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Mandal V, Chouhan KBS, Tandey R, Sen KK, Kala HK, Mehta R. Critical analysis and mapping of research trends and impact assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in leaves: let history tell the future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22464-22474. [PMID: 29938381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The article is basically an attempt to provide a consolidated report on impact assessment and trends in research pertaining to accumulation and curbing the menace of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in leaves. Emphasis is given to understand the consequences of the fact that edible/medicinal plants cultivated in PAH contaminated soil or close to such places which are potential liberators of PAHs can virtually act as transporters for direct PAH entry into biological systems. An attempt has been made to predict the future by digging out golden facts from history. Extensive Scopus-based data mining has been done to dig out research data since last 10 years (2006-2016) pertaining to the said area. Critical analysis of statistical data on research trends highlighting the different aspects of evaluation of PAH accumulation in leaves has been described. The concentrate of all researches for the said period have been presented as few golden principles which shall serve as important facts for researchers and policy makers for curbing the menace of PAH-induced oxidative stress in plants and shall also provide start-up ideas for researchers new to the area. Critical analysis of trends in phytoremediation aspect has also been duly highlighted to measure the intensity of restoration steps taken by researchers and government to safeguard the future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Mandal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| | - Kavi Bhushan Singh Chouhan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Roshni Tandey
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Sen
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Harneet Kaur Kala
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Rajendra Mehta
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
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KOCH NATÁLIAMOSSMANN, LUCHETA FABIANE, KÄFFER MÁRCIAISABEL, MARTINS SUZANAMARIADEAZEVEDO, VARGAS VERAMARIAFERRÃO. Air quality assessment in different urban areas from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, using lichen transplants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:2233-2248. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NATÁLIA MOSSMANN KOCH
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Nakazato RK, Esposito MP, Cardoso-Gustavson P, Bulbovas P, Pedroso ANV, de Assis PILS, Domingos M. Efficiency of biomonitoring methods applying tropical bioindicator plants for assessing the phytoxicity of the air pollutants in SE, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19323-19337. [PMID: 29802616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the tropical region, the greatest challenge of the biomonitoring approach is to establish linear relationships between biomarkers measured in plants and pollutant concentrations, since the bioindicator responses can be intensified or restricted by climatic variations. In southeastern Brazil, there are two regions affected by air pollution, where the Atlantic Forest remains and should be preserved. Consequently, both areas have been monitored by biomonitoring procedures using standardized and tropical plants. The industrial complex settled in Cubatão is one of the world's most famous examples of environmental pollution and degradation, with consequent decline of the Atlantic Forest. An oil refinery is among the most polluting industries in the Cubatão region. The other region is located in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC). The MRC has been affected by high levels of air pollutants originated from road traffic and is responsible for over 80% of CO, NOx, and hydrocarbon emissions and develops industrial activities that emit about 70% of the particulate matter present in the region. Both regions are distinguished by the climate, despite the fact that they are only about 130 km far from each other. Several studies carried out by our group in these regions aimed to establish the best native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on tropical Forests. We present a critical review about the efficiency of native species compared to standardized bioindicator plants considering antioxidant defense system, nutrient accumulation, and microscopic aspects when exposed to atmospheric pollutants and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Keiichi Nakazato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil.
| | - Marisia Pannia Esposito
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bulbovas
- Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina 229, Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Andrea Nunes Vaz Pedroso
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
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18
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Esposito MP, Nakazato RK, Pedroso ANV, Lima MEL, Figueiredo MA, Diniz AP, Kozovits AR, Domingos M. Oxidant-antioxidant balance and tolerance against oxidative stress in pioneer and non-pioneer tree species from the remaining Atlantic Forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:382-393. [PMID: 29289786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extensive land occupation in Southeast Brazil has resulted in climatic disturbances and environmental contamination by air pollutants, threatening the Atlantic forest remnants that still exist in that region. Based on previous results, we assumed that pioneer tree species are potentially more tolerant against environmental oxidative stress than non-pioneer tree species from that Brazilian biome. We also assumed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are accumulated in higher proportions in leaves of non-pioneer trees, resulting in changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance and in more severe oxidative damage at the cellular level than in the leaves of pioneer trees. We tested these hypotheses by establishing the relationship between oxidants (ROS), changes in key antioxidants (among enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds) and in a lipid peroxidation derivative in their leaves, as well as between ROS accumulation and oscillations in environmental stressors, thus permitting to discuss comparatively for the first time the oxidant-antioxidant balance and the tolerance capacity of tree species of the Atlantic Forest in SE Brazil. We confirmed that the non-pioneer tree species accumulated higher amounts of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in palisade parenchyma and epidermis, showing a less effective antioxidant metabolism than the pioneer species. However, the non-pioneer species showed differing capacities to compensate the oxidative stress in both years of study, which appeared to be associated with the level of ROS accumulation, which was evidently higher in 2015 than in 2016. We also applied exploratory multivariate statistics, which revealed that the oscillations in these biochemical leaf responses in both functional groups coincided with the oscillations in both climatic conditions and air pollutants, seemingly showing that they had acclimated to the stressful oxidative environment observed and may perpetuate in the disturbed forest remnants located in SE Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos Enoque Leite Lima
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurílio Assis Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, PO Box 38, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pedrosa Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, PO Box 38, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, PO Box 38, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
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Moura BB, Alves ES, Marabesi MA, de Souza SR, Schaub M, Vollenweider P. Ozone affects leaf physiology and causes injury to foliage of native tree species from the tropical Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:912-925. [PMID: 28830051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In southern Brazil, the recent increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations poses an additional threat to the biodiverse but endangered and fragmented remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Given the mostly unknown sensitivity of tropical species to oxidative stress, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether the current O3 levels in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), downwind of São Paulo, affect the native vegetation of forest remnants. Foliar responses to O3 of three tree species typical of the MRC forests were investigated using indoor chamber exposure experiments under controlled conditions and a field survey. Exposure to 70ppb O3 reduced assimilation and leaf conductance but increased respiration in Astronium graveolens while gas exchange in Croton floribundus was little affected. Both A. graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha developed characteristic O3-induced injury in the foliage, similar to visible symptoms observed in >30% of trees assessed in the MRC, while C. floribundus remained asymptomatic. The underlying structural symptoms in both O3-exposed and field samples were indicative of oxidative burst, hypersensitive responses, accelerated cell senescence and, primarily in field samples, interaction with photo-oxidative stress. The markers of O3 stress were thus mostly similar to those observed in other regions of the world. Further research is needed, to estimate the proportion of sensitive forest species, the O3 impact on tree growth and stand stability and to detect O3 hot spots where woody species in the Atlantic Forest are mostly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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20
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Brandão SE, Bulbovas P, Lima MEL, Domingos M. Biochemical leaf traits as indicators of tolerance potential in tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest against oxidative environmental stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:406-417. [PMID: 27750137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance potential against the oxidative injury in native plants from forest ecosystems affected by environmental stressors depends on how efficiently they keep their pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance. Great variations in plant tolerance are expected, highlighting the higher relevance of measuring biochemical leaf trait indicators of oxidative injury in species with similar functions in the forest than in single species. The use of this functional approach seems very useful in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest because it still holds high plant diversity and was the focus of this study. We aimed at determining the tolerance potential of tree species from the Atlantic Forest remnants in SE Brazil against multiple oxidative environmental stressors. We assumed that pioneer tree species are more tolerant against oxidative stress than non-pioneer tree species and that their tolerance potential vary spatially in response to distinct combined effects of oxidative environmental stressors. The study was carried out in three Atlantic Forest remnants, which differ in physiognomy, species composition, climatic characteristics and air pollution exposure. Leaves of three pioneer and three non-pioneer species were collected from each forest remnant during wet (January 2015) and dry periods (June 2015), for analyses of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative injury indicators. Both hypotheses were confirmed. The pioneer tree species displayed biochemical leaf traits (e.g. high levels of ascorbic acid, glutathione and carotenoids and lower lipid peroxidation) that indicate their higher potential tolerance against oxidative environmental stressors than non-pioneer species. The biochemical leaf traits of both successional groups of species varied between the forest remnants, in response to a linear combination of oxidative environmental stressors, from natural (relative humidity and temperature) and anthropogenic sources (ozone and nitrogen dioxide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange E Brandão
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bulbovas
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos E L Lima
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Yang B, Liu S, Liu Y, Li X, Lin X, Liu M, Liu X. PAHs uptake and translocation in Cinnamomum camphora leaves from Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:358-368. [PMID: 27639472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Foliage uptake and inner-leaf translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Cinnamomum camphora from different urbanized areas were comparatively investigated in this study. Spatial and seasonal variations of ∑16PAHs in leaves were observed, likely due to the diversity of leaf wax contents sampled in different seasons and locations. A negative correlation between the wax contents and ∑16PAHs concentrations in the cuticular wax was observed. The low values of TFf-m (translocation factor from foliar dust to mesophyll) indicated a poor translocation ability of PAHs from the foliar dust to the mesophyll. However, the transportation of PAHs from the foliar dust to the cuticular wax was the primary pathway of leaf accumulation, and TFf-w (translocation factor from foliar dust to cuticular wax) values showed an increasing tendency of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs and a decreasing tendency of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. This result indicated a rapid diffusion of gas-phase PAHs with LMW and a slow desorption of the particle-bound PAHs with HMW in the foliar dust. The concentrations of PAHs pollutants followed an obvious order of Rural area>Suburb area>Urban area in winter, and the higher contaminated locations were associated with some pollution sources nearby. Furthermore, the results of principal component analysis with multiple linear regression analysis analysis indicated that PAHs in leaves derived mainly from vehicle emissions. Overall, the accumulation and transformation of PAHs in leaves suggests the extensive amount of atmospheric pollutant release in high urbanization area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xianbiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xinran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
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22
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Nakazato RK, Rinaldi MCS, Domingos M. Tropical trees: Are they good alternatives for biomonitoring the atmospheric level of potential toxic elements near to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:72-79. [PMID: 27591705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The foliar accumulation and enrichment factor for 36 elements were studied in Psidium guajava 'Paluma' (fruit tropical tree) and Tibouchina pulchra Cogn. (native tree of the Atlantic rainforest) plants exposed around the city of Cubatão/Brazil, to propose a biomonitoring species in the Atlantic rainforest. The field experiments were conducted in six sites from November/2009 to April/2011. Parallel exposures of plants to filtered air in open-top chambers were performed to determine the background leaf concentrations of all elements. Both plants were enriched with elements (Ni, La, Fe, Ba, Al, Co, Pb, Hg and Mn) that characterize the industrial area of Cubatão, Brazil. P. guajava is a better option for biomonitoring toxic elements in Cubatão, since it was able to enrich higher metal levels than T. pulchra. Furthermore, P. guajava showed a better spatial and temporal variations in metal levels Cubatão.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo K Nakazato
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Cassimiro JC, Moura BB, Alonso R, Meirelles ST, Moraes RM. Ozone stomatal flux and O3 concentration-based metrics for Astronium graveolens Jacq., a Brazilian native forest tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:1007-1015. [PMID: 26805742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current levels of surface ozone (O3) are high enough to negatively affect trees in large regions of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, where standards for the protection of vegetation against the adverse effects of O3 do not exist. We evaluated three O3 metrics - phytotoxic ozone dose (POD), accumulated ozone exposure over the threshold of 40 ppb h (AOT40), and the sum of all hourly average concentrations (SUM00) - for the Brazilian native tropical tree species Astronium graveolens Jacq. We used the DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange) model and calculated PODY for different thresholds (from 0 to 6 mmol O3 m(-2) PLA s(-1)), evaluating the model's performance through the relationship between measured and modelled conductance. The response parameters were: visible foliar injury, considered as incidence (% injured plants), severity (% injured leaves in relation to the number of leaves on injured plants), and leaf abscission. The model performance was suitable and significant (R(2) = 0.58; p < 0.001). POD0 was better correlated to incidence and leaf abscission, and SUM00 was better correlated to severity. The highest values of O3 concentration-based metrics (AOT40 and SUM00) did not coincide with those of POD0. Further investigation may improve the model and contribute to the proposition of a national standard for the protection of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara B Moura
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, 13 083 872, Brazil
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sérgio T Meirelles
- Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Regina M Moraes
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, São Paulo, SP, 01061-970, Brazil.
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24
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Dias APL, Rinaldi MCS, Domingos M. Foliar accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in native tree species from the Atlantic Forest (SE-Brazil). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:175-184. [PMID: 26657363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic to living organisms. They can accumulate on foliar surfaces due to their affinity with apolar organic compounds, which enables the use of native plant species as sentinels of atmospheric PAH deposition in polluted ecosystems. The present study extends the knowledge about this subject in the tropical region by focusing on the PAH accumulation in the foliage of dominant tree species (Astronium graveolens, Croton floribundus, Piptadenia gonoacantha) in four remnants of Semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest surrounded by diversified sources of PAHs and located in the cities of Campinas, Paulínia, Holambra and Cosmópilis (central-eastern part of São Paulo State, SE-Brazil). Leaves of the tree species were collected in the forest remnants during the wet and dry seasons (2011 to 2013). All samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector for identification of 14 PAHs. The native tree species showed distinct capacities to accumulate PAHs. All of them accumulated proportionally more light PAHs than heavy PAHs, mainly during the dry period. P. gonoacantha was the most effective accumulator species. Higher accumulations of most of the PAHs occurred during the dry periods. The predominance of moderately (1 ≤ EF < 5) to highly enriched (EF ≥ 5) leaf samples of P. gonoacantha with regard to BaA and PHE in all of the forest remnants indicated that vehicular sources were widely distributed in the entire region. The predominance of the moderate to high enrichment of ACE in leaf samples from the forest remnants located in Paulínia, Holambra and Cosmópolis indicated that they were also affected by emissions from petrochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula L Dias
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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