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Han Y, Sheng Y, Zhao J, Zhu L. Prediction of BTEX volatilization in polluted soil based on the sorption potential energy theory. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124624. [PMID: 39069243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Initial volatile concentration (Cs0) is a crucial parameter for the migration and diffusion of volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) from the soil to the atmosphere. The acquisition of Cs0 is, however, time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study developed a prediction model for Cs0 based on theoretical analysis and experimental simulations. The model was established by correlating the molecular kinetic and sorption potential energy. The pore structure and pore size distribution of the soil were analyzed based on the fractal theory of porous media, followed by calculating the sorption potential energy corresponding to each pore size. It was observed that the pore size distribution of soil influenced BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) volatilization by impacting sorption potential energy. The soil parameters, such as organic matter and soil moisture content, and the initial concentration and physical properties of BTEX were coupled to the prediction model to ensure its practicability. Red soil was finally used to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model. The experimental and predicted values' maximum relative and root-mean-square errors were determined to be 24.2% and 11.7%, respectively. The model provides a simple, rapid, and accurate assessment of soil vapor emission content due to BTEX contamination. This study offers an economical and practical method for quantifying the amount of volatile BTEX in contaminated sites, providing a reference for its monitoring, control, and subsequent remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Han
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Yue G, Cao J, Li C, Ma J. Vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone: A microcosm study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139275. [PMID: 37343641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditional natural attenuation studies focus on aqueous process in the saturated zone while vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation in the unsaturated zone received much less attention. This study used microcosm experiments to explore the vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of 23 petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone including 7 monoaromatic hydrocarbons, 6 n-alkanes, 4 cycloalkanes, 3 alkylcycloalkanes and 3 fuel ethers. We found that monoaromatic hydrocarbon vapors were easily attenuated with significantly high first-order biodegradation rates (9.48 d-1-43.20 d-1) in live yellow earth, of which toluene and benzene had the highest biodegradation rates (43.20 d-1 and 28.32 d-1, respectively). The 13 aliphatic hydrocarbons and 3 fuel ethers all have relatively low attenuation rates (<0.54 d-1) in live soil and negligible biodegradation contribution. We explored the effects of soil types (black soil, yellow earth, lateritic red earth and quartz sand), soil moisture (2, 5, 10, and 17 wt%) contents and temperatures (4, 15, 25, 35 and 45 °C) on the vapor attenuation. Results showed that increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content, silt content, porosity and soil microorganism numbers enhanced contaminant attenuation and remediation efficiency. Increasing moisture content reduced the apparent first-order biodegradation rates of monoaromatic hydrocarbon vapors. The vapor-phase biodegradation had optimal temperature (∼25 °C in yellow earth) and increasing or decreasing temperature slowed down biodegradation rate. Overall, this study enhanced our understanding of vapor-phase biodegradation and natural attenuation of petroleum VOCs in the unsaturated zone, which is critical for the long-term management and remediation of petroleum contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Gangsen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jinhui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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3
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Sun Y, Yue G, Ma J. Transport and natural attenuation of benzene vapor from a point source in the vadose zone. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138222. [PMID: 36863631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The vadose zone is a very dynamic and active environment that directly affects natural attenuation and vapor intrusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is important to understand the fate and transport of VOCs in the vadose zone. A column experiment combined with model study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil type, vadose zone thickness, and soil moisture content on benzene vapor transport and natural attenuation in the vadose zone. Vapor-phase biodegradation and volatilization to atmosphere for benzene are two main natural attenuation mechanism in the vadose zone. Our data showed that biodegradation in black soil is the main natural attenuation mechanism (82.8%) while volatilization is the main natural attenuation mechanism in quartz sand, floodplain soil, lateritic red earth and yellow earth (>71.9%). The R-UNSAT model-predicted soil gas concentration profile and flux were close with four soil column data except for yellow earth. Increasing the vadose zone thickness and soil moisture content significantly reduced the volatilization contribution while increased biodegradation contribution. The volatilization loss decreased from 89.3% to 45.8% when the vadose zone thickness increased from 30 cm to 150 cm. The volatilization loss decreased from 71.9% to 10.1% when the soil moisture content increased from 6.4% to 25.4%. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into clarifying the roles of soil type, moisture, and other environmental conditions in vadose zone natural attenuation mechanism and vapor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Gangsen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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4
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You J, Shao J, Chen J, Chen D. Super enhancement of methanethiol biodegradation by new isolated Pseudomonas sp. coupling silicone particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135420. [PMID: 35738410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new strain, Pseudomonas sp. SJ-1, which was able to remove model odorous organics methanethiol (MT) has been isolated from the wastewater treatment plant and identified via 16S rRNA analysis. Initial MT concentration, temperature and pH played an important role in MT removal, and up to 100% of 260 mg L-1 of MT could be removed within 11 h under the optimum conditions (30 °C, pH 7.0) with an average degradation rate of 23.6 mg L-1 h-1, which was the highest one in literature so far. The silicone particles were added as the non-aqueous phases (NAP) to enhance the performance of MT degradation. The results indicated that the maximum degradation rate and specific cell growth of strain SJ-1 were 2.36 times and 1.31 times by Haldane kinetic model analysis in the NAP added test. The SO42- was identified as the major intermediate and CO2 as a final product in MT biodegradation. Overall, this is the first report that a newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. could use high concentration MT as sole energy source and carbon source and its activity could be enhanced by adding NAP. The results provide a suggestion for the development of more effective and reliable biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping You
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jie Shao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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5
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Khan AM, Gharasoo M, Wick LY, Thullner M. Phase-specific stable isotope fractionation effects during combined gas-liquid phase exchange and biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119737. [PMID: 35817302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope fractionation of toluene under dynamic phase exchange was studied aiming at ascertaining the effects of gas-liquid partitioning and biodegradation of toluene stable isotope composition in liquid-air phase exchange reactors (Laper). The liquid phase consisted of a mixture of aqueous minimal media, a known amount of a mixture of deuterated (toluene-d) and non-deuterated toluene (toluene-h), and bacteria of toluene degrading strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442. During biodegradation experiments, the liquid and air-phase concentrations of both toluene isotopologues were monitored to determine the observable stable isotope fractionation in each phase. The results show a strong fractionation in both phases with apparent enrichment factors beyond -800‰. An offset was observed between enrichment factors in the liquid and the gas phase with gas-phase values showing a stronger fractionation in the gas than in the liquid phase. Numerical simulation and parameter fitting routine was used to challenge hypotheses to explain the unexpected experimental data. The numerical results showed that either a very strong, yet unlikely, fractionation of the phase exchange process or a - so far unreported - direct consumption of gas phase compounds by aqueous phase microorganisms could explain the observed fractionation effects. The observed effect can be of relevance for the analysis of volatile contaminant biodegradation using stable isotope analysis in unsaturated subsurface compartments or other environmental compartment containing a gas and a liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Khan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mehdi Gharasoo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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Zhu ZW, Feng SJ, Chen HX, Chen ZL, Ding XH, Peng CH. Approximate analytical model for transient transport and oxygen-limited biodegradation of vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbon compound in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134522. [PMID: 35395265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contamination may occur in subsurface soil due to various reasons and pose great threat to people. Petroleum hydrocarbon compound (PHC) is a typical kind of VOC, which can readily biodegrade in an aerobic environment. The biodegradation of vapor-phase PHC in the vadose zone consumes oxygen in the soil, which leads to the change in aerobic and anaerobic zones but has not been studied by the existing analytical models. In this study, a one-dimensional analytical model is developed to simulate the transient diffusion and oxygen-limited biodegradation of PHC vapor in homogeneous soil. Laplace transformation and Laplace inversion of the Talbot method are adopted to derive the solution. At any given time, the thickness of aerobic zone is determined by the dichotomy method. The analytical model is verified against numerical simulation and experimental results first and parametric study is then conducted. The transient migration of PHC vapor can be divided into three stages including the pure aerobic zone stage (Stage I), aerobic-anaerobic zones co-existence stage (Stage II), and steady-state stage (Stage III). The proposed analytical model should be adopted to accommodate scenarios where the transient effect is significant (Stage II), including high source concentration, deep contaminant source, high biodegradation capacity, and high water saturation. The applicability of this model to determine the breakthrough time for better vapor intrusion assessment is also evaluated. Lower first-order biodegradation rate, higher source concentration, and shallower source depth all lead to smaller breakthrough time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shi-Jin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hong-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhang-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chun-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, China.
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7
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Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Pant G, Garlapati D, Agrawal U, Prasuna RG, Mathimani T, Pugazhendhi A. Biological approaches practised using genetically engineered microbes for a sustainable environment: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124631. [PMID: 33278727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods used to remediate toxic substances from the environment have failed drastically, and thereby, advancement in newer remediation techniques can be one of the ways to improve the quality of bioremediation. The increased environmental pollution led to the exploration of microorganisms and construction of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) for pollution abatement through bioremediation. The present review deals with the successful bioremediation techniques and approaches practised using genetically modified or engineered microbes. In the present scenario, physical and chemical strategies have been practised for the remediation of domestic and industrial wastes but these techniques are expensive and toxic to the environment. Involving engineered microbes can provide a much safer and cost effective strategy in comparison with the other techniques. With the aid of biotechnology and genetic engineering, GEMs are designed by transforming microbes with a more potent protein to overexpress the desired character. GEMs such as bacteria, fungi and algae have been used to degrade oil spills, camphor, hexane, naphthalene, toluene, octane, xylene, halobenzoates, trichloroethylene etc. These engineered microbes are more potent than the natural strains and have higher degradative capacities with quick adaptation for various pollutants as substrates or cometabolize. The road ahead for the implementation of genetic engineering to produce such organisms for the welfare of the environment and finally, public health is indeed long and worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deviram Garlapati
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India, Chennai 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Urvashi Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Gyana Prasuna
- Department of Microbiology & FST, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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9
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Shen X, Ou R, Lu Y, Yuan A, Liu J, Gu J, Hu X, Yang Z, Yang F. Record-high capture of volatile benzene and toluene enabled by activator implant-optimized banana peel-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105774. [PMID: 32768805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a super-high performance of engineering carbonaceous adsorbents from waste banana-peel via an optimized KOH-impregnated approach, which affords outstanding structural property (SBET = 3746.5 m2 g-1, Vtotal = 2.50 cm3 g-1), far outperforming KOH-grinding method-induced counterpart and other known banana peel-derived those. Thereby, this triggers a record-high capture value of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specific to benzene (27.55 mmol g-1) and toluene (23.82 mmol g-1) in the all known results. The structural expression characters were accurately correlated with excellent adsorption efficiency of VOCs by investigating the synthetic factor-controlling comparative samples. Ulteriorly, the adsorption selectivity prediction at different relative humidity was demonstrated through the DIH (difference of the isosteric heats), highlighting the good superiority in selective adsorption of toluene compared to benzene even under humid atmosphere. Our findings provide the possibility for the practical application and fabrication of waste biomass (banana peel)-derived functional biochar adsorbent in the environmental treatment of threatening VOCs pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Ou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China; Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jiayang Gu
- Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Xiaocai Hu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Zhang R, Jiang L, Jiang D, Wang S, Zhang D, Zhong M, Xia T, Fu Q. Peculiar attenuation of soil toluene at contaminated coking sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126957. [PMID: 32402885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the soil of contaminated coking sites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are typical indicator compounds. Generally, PAHs are enriched in the topsoil layer. BTEX, with higher water solubilities and lower organic carbon-water partitioning coefficients (Koc), are distributed deeper than PAHs. However, current models have employed predictions using single compounds to mimic the migration of BTEX at contaminated coking sites. Such models have not considered the influence of the upper soil layer, where PAHs are enriched. An attempt to fill this gap was made by setting up a control soil column experiment in this study. One column was filled with undisturbed soil (column #1) and the other with PAH-contaminated soil (column #2) to simulate the theoretical and actual surface soil layers, respectively. The results showed that in column #2, the toluene gas concentration of the headspace and time required to reach steady state were notably greater than those in column #1. High-throughput sequencing revealed that there were large microbial community structure differences between the two soil columns throughout the experiment, while some genera that degrade toluene with high efficiency emerged noteworthily in column #2. This implied that the upper soil layer enriched with PAHs was conducive to the degradation of toluene vapor. Applying this finding to human health exposure assessment of toluene suggests that the potential exposure level should be reduced from the current predicted level given the unanticipated attenuation at contaminated coking sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of the People's Republic of China, No. 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, 210042, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Shijie Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Zhong
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Tianxiang Xia
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Quankai Fu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Shen X, Ou R, Lu Y, Yuan A, Liu J, Hu X, Yang Z, Yang F. Engineering Adsorption Case for Efficient Capture of VOCs Using Biomass‐based Corncobs via a Carbonized Strategy. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu China
| | - Rui Ou
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu China
| | - Yutong Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu China
- Marine Equipment and Technology InstituteJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co.Ltd Shanghai 200137 China
| | - Xiaocai Hu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co.Ltd Shanghai 200137 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co.Ltd Shanghai 200137 China
| | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu China
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12
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Abstract
Hydrocarbon contamination of water resources is a global issue. These compounds are generated and discharged into the environment in industrial areas from chemical and petrochemical plants, oil refineries, power plants, and so forth. Fuel hydrocarbons, namely, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), are commonly found in groundwater, posing environmental and health risks to humans and ecosystems. Nature-based technologies represent an alternative solution, providing high efficiency, an environmentally friendly character, simple operation, and cost efficiency, which are characteristics particularly desired by the international petroleum industry. This article discusses the use of the green technology of constructed wetlands to remediate water polluted with hydrocarbons. Although the number of related international experiences and studies is limited, the article presents the latest developments of wetland technology for the removal of MTBE and benzene-BTEX. The discussion includes the overall efficiency of the different wetland types that have been tested and used, the main transformation and removal processes that regulate the fate of BTEX and MTBE in constructed wetlands, and the potential for future investigations.
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13
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Süß M, De Visscher A. Effect of diffusion limitation and substrate inhibition on steady states of a biofilm reactor treating a single pollutant. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:1107-1115. [PMID: 31290732 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1631904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple steady states in a toluene biodegrading, diffusion-limited biofilm under aerobic conditions was investigated by computer models: one steady-state, and one nonsteady-state. Two stable and one unstable intermediate steady-state were identified in a narrow set of combinations of parameters values. The nonsteady-state model predicts conditions that evolve to a steady state that is within 0.02-1% of the solution of the steady-state model, depending on the number of grid points used, confirming the algorithms are valid. Multiple steady states occur if, (1) a biofilm is exposed to a constant gas-phase pollution concentration, which exceeds or undershoots a certain threshold, (2) in a narrow range of parameter values and (3) provided that the pollutant degradation follows Haldane kinetics. Such a biofilm displays half-saturation (i.e., Michaelis-Menten)-like apparent ("falsified") kinetics from a concentration range starting at zero up to the occurrence of a second steady state. Multiple steady states and falsified kinetics can negatively affect a biofilter and the experimental determination of kinetic parameters, respectively. Implications: The occurrence of multiple steady states in a VOC treating biofilm, shows the significant impact of degradation kinetics and diffusion limitation on the biofilm behavior. Moreover, the implied possible sudden drop of removal efficiency of a biofilter, based on the occurrence of multiple steady states lead to possible bottle-necks in biofilter application and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Süß
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Alex De Visscher
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University , Montreal , Quebec H , Canada
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Wang L, Gao X, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Zhang Q, Su J. TiO2@MgAl-layered double hydroxide with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards degradation of gaseous toluene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Guo L, Qian L, Xu M, Zhang Y, Kang X, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Effect of the loam inter-layer on the migration and breakthrough of benzene under constant flow in the unsaturated zone: column experiments. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:207-217. [PMID: 30865592 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reliable prediction of transport and attenuation of dissolved-phase contamination in the unsaturated zone is a complex and multi-process problem. Based on the adsorption properties of soil samples to solutes, the soil column test and laboratory analysis were carried out in this study. The effects of the loam inter-layer on the migration and breakthrough of the characteristic pollutant benzene and non-absorbent Br- were studied. The results showed that the relatively high clay content of the inter-layer significantly changed the BTC (breakthrough curve). It not only delayed the migration time of benzene into the aquifer but also to some extent produced an attenuation effect, effectively reducing the content of the characteristic pollutants through the unsaturated zone. The dispersion coefficient was obtained through the measured Br-. The theoretical values were calculated and compared with the experimental data by using a one-dimensional unsaturated solute transport equation. The result was basically consistent, which proved the validity and reliability of the model. Through the BTC of benzene, the retardation factor was obtained and used to describe the influence of the loam inter-layer on the migration and breakthrough, which could provide the basis for the accurate modeling of groundwater remediation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Lin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Mo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaobing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Xianxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China E-mail:
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16
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Khan AM, Wick LY, Thullner M. Applying the Rayleigh Approach for Stable Isotope-Based Analysis of VOC Biodegradation in Diffusion-Dominated Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7785-7795. [PMID: 29923400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has become an established tool for assessing biodegradation in the subsurface. Diffusion-dominated vapor phase transport thereby is often excluded from quantitative assessments due to the problem of diffusive mixing of concentrations with different isotopic signatures for CSIA interpretation. In soils and other unsaturated porous media volatile organic compounds (VOCs) however, are mainly transported via gas-phase diffusion and may thus prohibit a CSIA-based quantitative assessment of the fate of VOCs. The present study presents and verifies a concept for the assessment of biodegradation-induced stable isotope fractionation along a diffusive transport path of VOCs in unsaturated porous media. For this purpose data from batch and column toluene biodegradation experiments in unsaturated porous media were combined with numerical reactive transport simulations; both addressing changes of concentration and stable isotope fractionation of toluene. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiment data, and our results show that the presented analytically derived assessment concept allows using the slope of the Rayleigh plot to obtain reasonable estimates of effective in situ fractionation factors in spite of diffusion-dominated transport. This enlarges the application range of CSIA and provides a mean for a better understanding of VOC fate in the unsaturated subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Khan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology , UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology , UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department of Environmental Microbiology , UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig , Germany
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17
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Xing X, Xi HB, Zuo J, Zhou YX, Song GQ. Determination of the Organics in Trimethylolpropane Wastewater. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1315122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-bo Xi
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-xi Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-qing Song
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Birch H, Andersen HR, Comber M, Mayer P. Biodegradation testing of chemicals with high Henry's constants - Separating mass and effective concentration reveals higher rate constants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:716-721. [PMID: 28208083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During simulation-type biodegradation tests, volatile chemicals will continuously partition between water phase and headspace. This study addressed how (1) this partitioning affects test results and (2) can be accounted for by combining equilibrium partition and dynamic biodegradation models. An aqueous mixture of 9 (semi)volatile chemicals was first generated using passive dosing and then diluted with environmental surface water producing concentrations in the ng/L to μg/L range. After incubation for 2 h to 4 weeks, automated Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) was applied directly on the test systems to measure substrate depletion by biodegradation relatively to abiotic controls. HS-SPME was also applied to determine air to water partitioning ratios. Biodegradation rate constants relating to the chemical in the water phase, kwater, were generally a factor 1 to 11 times higher than biodegradation rate constants relating to the total mass of chemical in the test system, ksystem, with one exceptional factor of 72 times for a long chain alkane. True water phase degradation rate constants were found (i) more appropriate for risk assessment than test system rate constants, (ii) to facilitate extrapolation to other air-water systems and (iii) to be better defined input parameters for aquatic exposure and fate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Birch
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mike Comber
- Mike Comber Consulting, Bridford, Exeter, UK.
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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