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Cao S, Wu D, Liu L, Li S, Zhang S. Decoding the effect of demographic factors on environmental health based on city-level PM 2.5 pollution in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119380. [PMID: 37922823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable health effects are gained from air quality improvement action plans implemented in China recently, they may have been amplified or offset due to the complexity and uncertainty of the changing demographic factors. In this study, we developed a framework for analyzing the effects of demographic factors on environmental health effects, focusing on three aspects: population scale, age structure, and spatial distribution. We quantified the above three effects by investigating how the health endpoint changed by the three demographic factors, based on a strategy of counterfactual and step-by-step relaxing hypothesis. We found that the increasing population scale and population aging caused 44,279 to 292,442 premature deaths, which offset the health effect of air quality improvement efforts for China. The change in population spatial distribution, in general, has little impact on the health effects of air quality improvement. Furthermore, the three effects are distributed unevenly across regions, especially the spatial distribution effect. Considering the widespread effect of demographic factors, PM2.5 concentration should be further reduced, and the aged population and mega-cities should be targeted for managing air quality in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Cao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou, 570000, China; Hainan University-UC Davis Joint Research Center on Energy and Transportation, Hainan University, Haikou, 570000, China.
| | - Li Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Suli Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shiqiu Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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2
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Ou J, Zheng L, Tang Q, Liu M, Zhang S. Source analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter in a mining city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:979-991. [PMID: 34131853 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment of heavy metals in air-borne particulate matters poses a great threat to health. In order to understand the mineralogical characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter in coal mining cities, PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) and TSP (total suspended particulates) were sampled from Huainan city, China in December 2016 and May 2017. The contents of heavy metals in TSP are the highest, while those in PM2.5 are the lowest. Zn, Mn, and Pb are the main components of heavy metals in Huainan atmospheric particulates. Straw burning activities may result in relatively higher atmospheric particulate matter content in summer than that in winter. The proportion of mineral particles in the studied particulate matters was the highest (40.79%), followed by soot aggregates (35.55%) and coal fly ash (19.74%). The results of energy spectrum analysis show that the main component of soot aggregates is C, and other contents are contributed by elements such as O and Si. Coal fly ash mainly contains C, O, Si, and a small amount of Al and Na. As, Cd, and Hg are the most easily enriched heavy metals. Industrial emissions, traffic discharges, coal combustion and dust emissions were found to be the main sources of heavy metals in atmospheric particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Ou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Liu H, Wang X, Talifu D, Ding X, Abulizi A, Tursun Y, An J, Li K, Luo P, Xie X. Distribution and sources of PM 2.5-bound free silica in the atmosphere of hyper-arid regions in Hotan, North-West China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152368. [PMID: 34914986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is complex and exhibits strong regional differences. Free silica (α-SiO2) in atmospheric particulate matter is carcinogenic and is an important component of respirable particulate matter in urban areas. Measurements determined that the concentration of silicon dioxide (α-SiO2) in PM2.5 in the urban area of Hotan City, China, was 8.02 μg·m-3 during the dust period and exceeded 1.77 μg·m-3 during the non-dust period. The proportion of α-SiO2 in PM2.5 was 8.07% during the dust period and 2.25% during the non-dust period. Atmospheric visibility during the dust period was mainly influenced by the content of atmospheric floating dust. Analysis of α-SiO2 pollution sources during the dust period showed that the air masses containing sand and dust originated from the desert hinterland. Following passage through oasis areas, the air mass was effectively reduced in the concentration of α-SiO2 in PM2.5. During the dusty period, α-SiO2 and PM2.5 originated from the same source in Hotan City. Moreover, wind speed was the main influencing factor for the α-SiO2 concentration. During the non-dust period, α-SiO2 and PM2.5 were not from the same source of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dilinuer Talifu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Abulikemu Abulizi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yalkunjan Tursun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Juqin An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Kejun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Hotan Environmental Monitoring Station, Hotan 848000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Hotan Environmental Monitoring Station, Hotan 848000, China
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Grabowski J, Smoliński A. The application of hierarchical clustering to analyzing ashes from the combustion of wood pellets mixed with waste materials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116766. [PMID: 33631690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution constitutes the greatest environmental threat to human health in the European Union. In Poland, the emission of particulate matter and harmful gases originating from local coal based boiler plants and the combustion of fuels in residential heating appliances is a considerable source of air pollution. The combustion of fuel in home furnaces is inefficient due to the use of cheap fuels of low heating parameters and the frequent addition of waste. For the purpose of the research, deciduous tree wood pellets were selected as the basic fuel with the admixture of plastic waste, rubber, waste paper, wood residues, diapers, textile waste, multi-material packaging, construction waste, biomass and alternative fuel (RDF). Examining ash samples to confirm the practices of combusting or co-combusting waste materials in heating appliances is considered to be one of the most reliable detection methods; however, the results of direct research require further data processing. The application of hierarchical clustering analysis to the obtained results arranged into a matrix enabled in a simple way to demonstrate the similarities between the examined samples of fuel and the samples of fuel mixed with waste materials in the parameters space as well as to analyze the similarities among the measured parameters (the content of particular elements in ash) in the space of the examined samples. The application of chemometric methods for the purpose of identifying the combusted fuels, and, in particular the co-combusted waste complements the currently used monitoring tools which control the use of low quality fuels or the combustion of waste of different origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grabowski
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Adam Smoliński
- Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
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Particle-Scavenging prediction in sieve plate scrubber via dimension reduction in computational fluid dynamics. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou C, Fu B, Wang X, Yin L, Feng X. The Regional Impact of Ecological Restoration in the Arid Steppe on Dust Reduction over the Metropolitan Area in Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7775-7786. [PMID: 32401498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A massive ecological restoration program has been implemented in northern China with the aim of protecting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area of eastern China from dust events. However, some current studies have cast doubt on the efficacy of such ecological restoration projects, partly due to the constraint of available water in northern China, leading to poor survival rates of planted trees in semiarid regions (15%). In this study, using a logical framework combining statistical analysis, partial least-squares path model analysis, and a regional climate model (RegCM) simulation with multisource dust indicators, we found that there was a reduction of dust in northern China that was synchronous with the increase in vegetation growth after ecological restoration. In contrast to previous reports of a decrease in wind speed due to ecological restoration, this study found that the increase in vegetation had an insignificant impact on local wind speed (p = 0.30). Instead, ecological restoration mainly reduced the sand emission in steppe area by improving the soil conditions of the underlying surface, and hence contributed 15% of the reduction of dust events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area through dust transmission (p = 0.002). The effect of ecological restoration in the northern steppe on dust reduction over the northeastern metropolitan area of China should not be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lichang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Meng J, Yang H, Yi K, Liu J, Guan D, Liu Z, Mi Z, Coffman DM, Wang X, Zhong Q, Huang T, Meng W, Tao S. The Slowdown in Global Air-Pollutant Emission Growth and Driving Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Field Evaluation of the Dust Impacts from Construction Sites on Surrounding Areas: A City Case Study in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Construction activities generate a large amount of dust and cause significant impacts on air quality of surrounding areas. Thus, revealing the characteristics of construction dust is crucial for finding the way of reducing its effects. To fully uncover the characteristics of construction dust affecting surrounding areas, this study selected seven representative construction sites in Qingyuan city, China as empirical cases for field evaluation. In the experiment, the up-downwind method was adopted to monitor and collect TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤10 µm and 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, respectively) concentrations, meteorological data and construction activities of each site for 2 to 3 days and 18 h in a day. The results show that the average daily construction site makes the surrounding areas’ concentration of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 increase by 42.24%, 19.76% and 16.27%, respectively. The proportion of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in building construction dust is 1, 0.239 and 0.116, respectively. The large diameter particulate matter was the major constituent and the distance of its influence was limited. In addition, construction vehicles were one of the main influencing factors for building construction dust. However, building construction dust was not significantly correlated with any single meteorological factor when it did not change too much. Findings of this research can provide a valuable basis for reducing the impact of building construction dust on surrounding areas.
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Yang H, Tao W, Liu Y, Qiu M, Liu J, Jiang K, Yi K, Xiao Y, Tao S. The contribution of the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region's iron and steel industry to local air pollution in winter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:1095-1106. [PMID: 30682744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region (BTH) in China is a highly populated area that has recently experienced frequent haze episodes in winter. With high production capacities, the iron and steel industry (ISI) has long been a key source of air pollutants in BTH and is thus considered responsible for the degradation of local air quality. Here, we conducted a cross-disciplinary research combining the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model, the multiregional input-output model (MRIO) and the health assessment model to explore the impacts of the ISI on air pollution in the BTH region in January 2012. Our results show large increases in air pollution due to direct ISI emissions, with up to a 90 μg/m3 monthly average of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in eastern Tangshan and western Handan. In addition to direct emissions, the ISI has induced large quantities of indirect emissions from upstream sectors (e.g., the electricity and transportation sectors), leading to PM2.5, SO2 and NOx increases of 2-10 μg/m3 in BTH. Considering the direct and indirect emissions, we estimated that 275 (233-313) PM2.5-related mortalities occurred in January, and approximately 42% of these premature deaths occurred in Tangshan. A high rate of premature deaths also occurred in urban Beijing due to its high population density. Revealing the great health burden caused by the ISI, our results underscore the necessity for the Chinese government to reduce air pollutant emissions from the ISI and its upstream industries in BTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Yang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Minghao Qiu
- Institute for Data, Systems and Society and Earth, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kejun Jiang
- Energy Research Institute, Guohong Mansion, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kan Yi
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Liu L, Guan P, Cheng C. Paying more attention on keeping eye health in dust-haze weather in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1211. [PMID: 28599985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, PR China
| | - ChingYu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 169856, Singapore
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Cao S, Li S, Chen F, Yuan S, Xu C, Zhou J, Feng X, Ma X, Wang B. Roll-to-Roll Production of Metal-Organic Framework Coatings for Particulate Matter Removal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606221. [PMID: 28102553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A powerful roll-to-roll hot-pressing strategy for mass production of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filters (MOFilters) using various MOF systems with ranges of substrates is presented. Thus-obtained MOFilters show superior particulate matter removal efficiency under desired working temperatures. Such versatile MOFilters can be scaled up and purposely designed, which endows MOFilters with great potentials in both residential and industrial pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shenghan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Siqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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