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Seyyedsalehi MS, Collatuzzo G, Teglia F, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:425-432. [PMID: 38502528 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and other fossil fuels in the workplace can cause several health effects including cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies examining the association between occupational DE exposure and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), including cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. We included cohort studies mentioned in the Monograph of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014, on DE. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for HNC overall and its anatomical subtypes. A random-effects model was used to address heterogeneity between studies. Fifteen articles were included after removing duplicates and irrelevant reports. The summary RR for DE exposure was 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.17, P heterogeneity = <0.001] for HNC overall, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.87-1.11) for oral cavity, 1.05 (95% CI = 0.77-1.43) for pharyngeal, 1.15 (95% CI = 0.96-1.38) for oral cavity and pharyngeal combined, and 1.13 (95% CI = 1.03-1.24) for laryngeal cancer. There were elevated RRs for incidence studies of HNC (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05-1.22, P = 0.001), European studies (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05-1.23, P = 0.001), and female studies (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.31-2.39, P = 0.003). Our study suggested an association between occupational DE exposure and the risk of HNC, particularly laryngeal cancer. Although residual confounding cannot be ruled out, our results support the importance of controlling occupational DE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Karthikeyan S, Breznan D, Thomson EM, Blais E, Vincent R, Kumarathasan P. Concordance between In Vitro and In Vivo Relative Toxic Potencies of Diesel Exhaust Particles from Different Biodiesel Blends. TOXICS 2024; 12:290. [PMID: 38668513 PMCID: PMC11054440 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contribute to air pollution exposure-related adverse health impacts. Here, we examined in vitro, and in vivo toxicities of DEPs from a Caterpillar C11 heavy-duty diesel engine emissions using ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel blends (20% v/v) of canola (B20C), soy (B20S), or tallow-waste fry oil (B20T) in ULSD. The in vitro effects of DEPs (DEPULSD, DEPB20C, DEPB20S, and DEPB20T) in exposed mouse monocyte/macrophage cells (J774A.1) were examined by analyzing the cellular cytotoxicity endpoints (CTB, LDH, and ATP) and secreted proteins. The in vivo effects were assessed in BALB/c mice (n = 6/group) exposed to DEPs (250 µg), carbon black (CB), or saline via intratracheal instillation 24 h post-exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cytokines, lung/heart mRNA, and plasma markers were examined. In vitro cytotoxic potencies (e.g., ATP) and secreted TNF-α were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with in vivo inflammatory potency (BALF cytokines, lung/heart mRNA, and plasma markers). Overall, DEPULSD and DEPB20C appeared to be more potent compared to DEPB20S and DEPB20T. These findings suggested that biodiesel blend-derived DEP potencies can be influenced by biodiesel sources, and inflammatory process- was one of the potential underlying toxicity mechanisms. These observations were consistent across in vitro and in vivo exposures, and this work adds value to the health risk analysis of cleaner fuel alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Errol M. Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Erica Blais
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Renaud Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Premkumari Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Vallabani NVS, Gruzieva O, Elihn K, Juárez-Facio AT, Steimer SS, Kuhn J, Silvergren S, Portugal J, Piña B, Olofsson U, Johansson C, Karlsson HL. Toxicity and health effects of ultrafine particles: Towards an understanding of the relative impacts of different transport modes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116186. [PMID: 37224945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, but it is still unclear how particles from various transport modes differ in terms of toxicity and associations with different human health outcomes. This literature review aims to summarize toxicological and epidemiological studies of the effect of ultrafine particles (UFPs), also called nanoparticles (NPs, <100 nm), from different transport modes with a focus on vehicle exhaust (particularly comparing diesel and biodiesel) and non-exhaust as well as particles from shipping (harbor), aviation (airport) and rail (mainly subway/underground). The review includes both particles collected in laboratory tests and the field (intense traffic environments or collected close to harbor, airport, and in subway). In addition, epidemiological studies on UFPs are reviewed with special attention to studies aimed at distinguishing the effects of different transport modes. Results from toxicological studies indicate that both fossil and biodiesel NPs show toxic effects. Several in vivo studies show that inhalation of NPs collected in traffic environments not only impacts the lung, but also triggers cardiovascular effects as well as negative impacts on the brain, although few studies compared NPs from different sources. Few studies were found on aviation (airport) NPs, but the available results suggest similar toxic effects as traffic-related particles. There is still little data related to the toxic effects linked to several sources (shipping, road and tire wear, subway NPs), but in vitro results highlighted the role of metals in the toxicity of subway and brake wear particles. Finally, the epidemiological studies emphasized the current limited knowledge of the health impacts of source-specific UFPs related to different transport modes. This review discusses the necessity of future research for a better understanding of the relative potencies of NPs from different transport modes and their use in health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karine Elihn
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah S Steimer
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Kuhn
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Silvergren
- Environment and Health Administration, 104 20, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Portugal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulf Olofsson
- Department of Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden; Environment and Health Administration, 104 20, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ogbunuzor C, Fransen LFH, Talibi M, Khan Z, Dalzell A, Laycock A, Southern D, Eveleigh A, Ladommatos N, Hellier P, Leonard MO. Biodiesel exhaust particle airway toxicity and the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115013. [PMID: 37182301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Renewable alternatives to fossil diesel (FD) including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel have become more prevalent. However, toxicity of exhaust material from their combustion, relative to the fuels they are displacing has not been fully characterised. This study was carried out to examine particle toxicity within the lung epithelium and the role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exhaust particles from a 20% (v/v) blend of FAME biodiesel had little impact on primary airway epithelial toxicity compared to FD derived particles but did result in an altered profile of PAHs, including an increase in particle bound carcinogenic B[a]P. Higher blends of biodiesel had significantly increased levels of more carcinogenic PAHs, which was associated with a higher level of stress response gene expression including CYP1A1, NQO1 and IL1B. Removal of semi-volatile material from particulates abolished effects on airway cells. Particle size difference and toxic metals were discounted as causative for biological effects. Finally, combustion of a single component fuel (Methyl decanoate) containing the methyl ester molecular structure found in FAME mixtures, also produced more carcinogenic PAHs at the higher fuel blend levels. These results indicate the use of FAME biodiesel at higher blends may be associated with an increased particle associated carcinogenic and toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ogbunuzor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | - Midhat Talibi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Zuhaib Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Abigail Dalzell
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Adam Laycock
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Daniel Southern
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Aaron Eveleigh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nicos Ladommatos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Paul Hellier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Li T, Yang HL, Xu LT, Zhou YT, Min YJ, Yan SC, Zhang YH, Wang XM. Comprehensive treatment strategy for diesel truck exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54324-54332. [PMID: 36940033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At present, diesel vehicles still play an irreplaceable role in the traditional energy field in China. Diesel vehicle exhaust contains hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can lead to haze weather, photochemical smog, and the greenhouse effect; endanger human health; and damage the ecological environment. In 2020, the number of motor vehicles in China reached 372 million, and the number of automobiles reached 281 million, of which 20.92 million are diesel vehicles, accounting for only 5.6% of the number of motor vehicles and 7.4% of the number of automobiles. Nevertheless, diesel vehicles emitted 88.8% of nitrogen oxides and 99% of particulate matter in total vehicle emissions. Diesel vehicles, especially diesel trucks, have become the top priority of motor vehicle pollution control. However, there are few reviews on the comprehensive treatment of diesel vehicle exhaust. This review provides an overview of exhaust gas composition, hazards, and treatment techniques. Phytoremediation, three-way catalytic conversion, rare earth catalytic degradation, and nanoscale TiO2 catalytic degradation are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Min
- College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Cheng Yan
- Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Landwehr KR, Mead-Hunter R, O'Leary RA, Kicic A, Mullins BJ, Larcombe AN. Respiratory Health Effects of In Vivo Sub-Chronic Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065130. [PMID: 36982203 PMCID: PMC10049281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, which can be made from a variety of natural oils, is currently promoted as a sustainable, healthier replacement for commercial mineral diesel despite little experimental data supporting this. The aim of our research was to investigate the health impacts of exposure to exhaust generated by the combustion of diesel and two different biodiesels. Male BALB/c mice (n = 24 per group) were exposed for 2 h/day for 8 days to diluted exhaust from a diesel engine running on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) or Tallow or Canola biodiesel, with room air exposures used as control. A variety of respiratory-related end-point measurements were assessed, including lung function, responsiveness to methacholine, airway inflammation and cytokine response, and airway morphometry. Exposure to Tallow biodiesel exhaust resulted in the most significant health impacts compared to Air controls, including increased airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. In contrast, exposure to Canola biodiesel exhaust resulted in fewer negative health effects. Exposure to ULSD resulted in health impacts between those of the two biodiesels. The health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure vary depending on the feedstock used to make the fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Landwehr
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ryan Mead-Hunter
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Rebecca A O'Leary
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mullins
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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7
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Landwehr KR, Hillas J, Mead-Hunter R, King A, O'Leary RA, Kicic A, Mullins BJ, Larcombe AN. Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155016. [PMID: 35381248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is created through the transesterification of fats/oils and its usage is increasing worldwide as global warming concerns increase. Biodiesel fuel properties change depending on the feedstock used to create it. The aim of this study was to assess the different toxicological properties of biodiesel exhausts created from different feedstocks using a complex 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) model that mimics the human airway. Primary human airway epithelial cells were grown at ALI until full differentiation was achieved. Cells were then exposed to 1/20 diluted exhaust from an engine running on Diesel (ULSD), pure or 20% blended Canola biodiesel and pure or 20% blended Tallow biodiesel, or Air for control. Exhaust was analysed for various physio-chemical properties and 24-h after exposure, ALI cultures were assessed for permeability, protein release and mediator response. All measured exhaust components were within industry safety standards. ULSD contained the highest concentrations of various combustion gases. We found no differences in terms of particle characteristics for any of the tested exhausts, likely due to the high dilution used. Exposure to Tallow B100 and B20 induced increased permeability in the ALI culture and the greatest increase in mediator response in both the apical and basal compartments. In contrast, Canola B100 and B20 did not impact permeability and induced the smallest mediator response. All exhausts but Canola B20 induced increased protein release, indicating epithelial damage. Despite the concentrations of all exhausts used in this study meeting industry safety regulations, we found significant toxic effects. Tallow biodiesel was found to be the most toxic of the tested fuels and Canola the least, both for blended and pure biodiesel fuels. This suggests that the feedstock biodiesel is made from is crucial for the resulting health effects of exhaust exposure, even when not comprising the majority of fuel composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Landwehr
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jessica Hillas
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Mead-Hunter
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew King
- Fluid Dynamics Research Group, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca A O'Leary
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth 6151, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mullins
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Kim S, Leem J, Oh JS, Kim JS. Cytotoxicity of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone Impairs Mitotic Progression and Spindle Assembly Independent of ROS Production in HeLa Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060327. [PMID: 35736935 PMCID: PMC9227850 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinone derivative 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) is one of the most abundant and toxic components found in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). These DEPs are created during diesel fuel combustion and are considered the main source of urban air pollution. As 9,10-PQ can produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling, it has been shown to exert potent cytotoxic effects against various cell types. However, the mechanisms underlying this cytotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, we showed that 9,10-PQ exerts cytotoxicity by impairing mitotic progression and spindle assembly in HeLa cells. Exposure to 9,10-PQ impaired spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, resulting in delayed mitotic entry and progression in HeLa cells. Furthermore, 9,10-PQ exposure decreased the CEP192 and p-Aurora A levels at the spindle poles. Notably, these mitotic defects induced by 9,10-PQ were not rescued by scavenging ROS, implying the ROS-independent activity of 9,10-PQ. Therefore, our results provide the first evidence that 9,10-PQ exerts its cytotoxicity through specific inhibition of mitotic progression and spindle assembly, independent of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Jiyeon Leem
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.O.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.O.); (J.-S.K.)
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9
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Long E, Carlsten C. Controlled human exposure to diesel exhaust: results illuminate health effects of traffic-related air pollution and inform future directions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:11. [PMID: 35139881 PMCID: PMC8827176 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an issue of increasing interest due to its globally relevant impacts on morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure (CHE) studies are often employed to investigate the impacts of pollution on human health, with diesel exhaust (DE) commonly used as a surrogate of traffic related air pollution (TRAP). This paper will review the results derived from 104 publications of CHE to DE (CHE-DE) with respect to health outcomes. CHE-DE studies have provided mechanistic evidence supporting TRAP’s detrimental effects on related to the cardiovascular system (e.g., vasomotor dysfunction, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and impaired cardiac function) and respiratory system (e.g., airway inflammation, increased airway responsiveness, and clinical symptoms of asthma). Oxidative stress is thought to be the primary mechanism of TRAP-induced effects and has been supported by several CHE-DE studies. A historical limitation of some air pollution research is consideration of TRAP (or its components) in isolation, limiting insight into the interactions between TRAP and other environmental factors often encountered in tandem. CHE-DE studies can help to shed light on complex conditions, and several have included co-exposure to common elements such as allergens, ozone, and activity level. The ability of filters to mitigate the adverse effects of DE, by limiting exposure to the particulate fraction of polluted aerosols, has also been examined. While various biomarkers of DE exposure have been evaluated in CHE-DE studies, a definitive such endpoint has yet to be identified. In spite of the above advantages, this paradigm for TRAP is constrained to acute exposures and can only be indirectly applied to chronic exposures, despite the critical real-world impact of living long-term with TRAP. Those with significant medical conditions are often excluded from CHE-DE studies and so results derived from healthy individuals may not apply to more susceptible populations whose further study is needed to avoid potentially misleading conclusions. In spite of limitations, the contributions of CHE-DE studies have greatly advanced current understanding of the health impacts associated with TRAP exposure, especially regarding mechanisms therein, with important implications for regulation and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Long
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Bai X, Chen H, Oliver BG. The health effects of traffic-related air pollution: A review focused the health effects of going green. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133082. [PMID: 34843836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is global concern due to both the ecological damage of TRAP and the adverse health effects in Humans. Several strategies to reduce TRAP have been implemented, including the use of sustainable fuels, after-treatment technologies, and new energy vehicles. Such approaches can reduce the exhaust of particulate matter, adsorbed chemicals and a range of gases, but from a health perspective these approaches are not always successful. This review aims to discuss the approaches taken, and to then describe the likely health effects of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.
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Landwehr KR, Hillas J, Mead-Hunter R, Brooks P, King A, O'Leary RA, Kicic A, Mullins BJ, Larcombe AN. Fuel feedstock determines biodiesel exhaust toxicity in a human airway epithelial cell exposure model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126637. [PMID: 34329109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel is promoted as a sustainable replacement for commercial diesel. Biodiesel fuel and exhaust properties change depending on the base feedstock oil/fat used during creation. The aims of this study were, for the first time, to compare the exhaust exposure health impacts of a wide range of biodiesels made from different feedstocks and relate these effects with the corresponding exhaust characteristics. METHOD Primary airway epithelial cells were exposed to diluted exhaust from an engine running on conventional diesel and biodiesel made from Soy, Canola, Waste Cooking Oil, Tallow, Palm and Cottonseed. Exhaust properties and cellular viability and mediator release were analysed post exposure. RESULTS The exhaust physico-chemistry of Tallow biodiesel was the most different to diesel as well as the most toxic, with exposure resulting in significantly decreased cellular viability (95.8 ± 6.5%) and increased release of several immune mediators including IL-6 (+223.11 ± 368.83 pg/mL) and IL-8 (+1516.17 ± 2908.79 pg/mL) above Air controls. In contrast Canola biodiesel was the least toxic with exposure only increasing TNF-α (4.91 ± 8.61). CONCLUSION This study, which investigated the toxic effects for the largest range of biodiesels, shows that exposure to different exhausts results in a spectrum of toxic effects in vitro when combusted under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Landwehr
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jessica Hillas
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Mead-Hunter
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Brooks
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew King
- Fluid Dynamics Research Group, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca A O'Leary
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mullins
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Chang-Chien J, Huang JL, Tsai HJ, Wang SL, Kuo ML, Yao TC. Particulate matter causes telomere shortening and increase in cellular senescence markers in human lung epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112484. [PMID: 34237641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with DNA damage, but the relationships between PM, telomere length and cellular senescence remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of PM on telomere length and cellular senescence in human lung epithelial cells. Human lung epithelial A549 cells were exposed to PM for 24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by the WST-1 assay and the lactate dehydrogenase release, respectively. Cellular uptake of PM was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Telomere length was measured using qPCR and expressed as T/S ratio. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cell cycle regulators was measured using mRNA by qPCR and protein levels by Western blot. Cellular senescence was determined by the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Exposed to PM at the concentration of 200 μg/ml decreased cell viability and increased LDH levels in culture medium. Remarkably increased uptake of PM, shortening of telomere length, induction of G0/G1 phase arrest, and increased expression of senescence hallmarks were observed after exposure to PM in A549 cells. PM exposure induced upregulation of p21 and downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and hTERT expression, but no significant change in p53 expression, in A549 cells. Overall, exposure to PM may downregulate hTERT and PCNA through p53-independent induction of p21 expression, leading to telomere shortening, G0/G1 arrest and the onset of cellular senescence in human lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chang-Chien
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.
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13
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Scholten RH, Essig YJ, Roursgaard M, Jensen A, Krais AM, Gren L, Dierschke K, Gudmundsson A, Wierzbicka A, Møller P. Inhalation of hydrogenated vegetable oil combustion exhaust and genotoxicity responses in humans. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3407-3416. [PMID: 34468814 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels from vegetable oils or animal fats are considered to be more sustainable than petroleum-derived diesel fuel. In this study, we have assessed the effect of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust on levels of DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as primary outcome, and oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of genotoxicity. In a randomized cross-over study, healthy humans were exposed to filtered air, inorganic salt particles, exhausts from combustion of HVO in engines with aftertreatment [i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and low amounts of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (approximately 1 µg/m3)], or without aftertreatment (i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and 93 ± 13 µg/m3 of PM2.5). The subjects were exposed for 3 h and blood samples were collected before, within 1 h after the exposure and 24 h after. None of the exposures caused generation of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA, or affected gene expression of factors related to DNA repair (Ogg1), antioxidant defense (Hmox1) or pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ccl2, Il8 and Tnfa) in PBMCs. The results from this study indicate that short-term HVO exhaust exposure is not associated with genotoxic hazard in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Yona J Essig
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Gren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Dierschke
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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14
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Determination of Genotoxicity Attributed to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Normal Human Embryonic Lung Cell (WI-38) Line. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020291. [PMID: 33669250 PMCID: PMC7919825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies concluded that inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is associated with an increase in the relative risk of lung cancer. In vitro research evaluating the genetic damage and/or changes in gene expression have been attempted to explain the relationship between DEP exposure and carcinogenicity. However, to date, investigations have been largely confined to studies in immortalized or tumorigenic epithelial cell models. Few studies have investigated damage at the chromosomal level to DEP exposure in normal cell lines. Here, we present the genotoxic effects of DEP in normal cells (embryonic human lung fibroblasts) by conventional genotoxicity testing (micronuclei (MN) and comet assay). We show the differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways in DEP-exposed WI-38 cells using RNA sequencing data. We observed a significant increase in single-strand DNA breaks and the frequency of MN in DEP-exposed cells in a dose-dependent manner. The differentially expressed genes following DEP exposure were significantly enriched in the pathway for responding to xenobiotics and DNA damage. Taken together, these results show that DEP exposure induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level in normal human lung cells and provide information on the expression of genes associated with genotoxic stress.
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15
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Lecureur V, Monteil C, Jaguin M, Cazier F, Preterre D, Corbière C, Gosset P, Douki T, Sichel F, Fardel O. Comparative study on gene expression profile in rat lung after repeated exposure to diesel and biodiesel exhausts upstream and downstream of a particle filter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115264. [PMID: 32771839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered as a valuable and less toxic alternative to diesel. However, cellular and molecular effects of repeated exposure to biodiesel emissions from a recent engine equipped with a diesel particle filter (DPF) remain to be characterized. To gain insights about this point, the lung transcriptional signatures were analyzed for rats (n = 6 per group) exposed to filtered air, 30% rapeseed biodiesel (B30) blend or reference diesel (RF0), upstream and downstream a DPF, for 3 weeks (3 h/day, 5 days/week). Genomic analysis revealed a modest regulation of gene expression level (lower than a 2-fold) by both fuels and a higher number of genes regulated downstream the DPF than upstream, in response to either RF0 or to B30 exhaust emissions. The presence of DPF was found to notably impact the lung gene signature of rats exposed to B30. The number of genes regulated in common by both fuels was low, which is likely due to differences in concentrations of regulated pollutants in exhausts, notably for compound organic volatiles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NO or NOx. Nevertheless, we have identified some pathways that were activated for both exhaust emissions, such as integrin-, IGF-1- and Rac-signaling pathways, likely reflecting the effects of gas phase products. By contrast, some canonical pathways relative to "oxidative phosphorylation" and "mitochondrial dysfunction" appear as specific to B30 exhaust emission; the repression of transcripts of mitochondrial respiratory chain in lung of rats exposed to B30 downstream of DPF supports the perturbation of mitochondria function. This study done with a recent diesel engine (compliant with the European IV emission standard) and commercially-available fuels reveals that the diesel blend composition and the presence of an after treatment system may modify lung gene signature of rats repeatedly exposed to exhaust emissions, however in a rather modest manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Jaguin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - David Preterre
- CERTAM, 1 rue Joseph Fourier, 76800, Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France; Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
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16
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Nitrogen Dioxide Inhalation Exposures Induce Cardiac Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Impair Mitochondrial Function and Promote Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155526. [PMID: 32751709 PMCID: PMC7432061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traffic air pollution is a major health problem and is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. In a previous experimental study, we showed that diesel exhaust (DE) exposures induced cardiac mitochondrial and CV dysfunctions associated with the gaseous phase. Here, we hypothesized that NO2 exposures to levels close to those found in DE induce a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which contribute to an endothelial dysfunction, an early indicator for numerous CV diseases. For this, we studied the effects of NO2 on ROS production and its impacts on the mitochondrial, coronary endothelial and cardiac functions, after acute (one single exposure) and repeated (three h/day, five days/week for three weeks) exposures in Wistar rats. Acute NO2 exposure induced an early but reversible mitochondrial ROS production. This event was isolated since neither mitochondrial function nor endothelial function were impaired, whereas cardiac function assessment showed a reversible left ventricular dysfunction. Conversely, after three weeks of exposure this alteration was accompanied by a cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction highlighted by an alteration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in mitochondrial ROS production. Moreover, repeated NO2 exposures promoted endothelial dysfunction of the coronary arteries, as shown by reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation, which was due, at least partially, to a superoxide-dependent decrease of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This study shows that NO2 exposures impair cardiac mitochondrial function, which, in conjunction with coronary endothelial dysfunction, contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Together, these results clearly identify NO2 as a probable risk factor in ischemic heart diseases.
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17
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Møller P, Scholten RH, Roursgaard M, Krais AM. Inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity responses to biodiesel emissions in cultured mammalian cells and animals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:383-401. [PMID: 32543270 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a consequence of delivery of genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxidative stress and inflammation. We have reviewed articles from 2002 to 2019 (50% of the articles since 2015) that have described toxicological effects in terms of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation of biodiesel exhaust exposure in humans, animals and cell cultures. The studies have assessed first generation biodiesel from different feedstock (e.g. rapeseed and soy), certain second generation fuels (e.g. waste oil), and hydrogenated vegetable oil. It is not possible to rank the potency of toxicological effects of specific biodiesel fuels. However, exposure to biodiesel exhaust causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity in cell cultures. Three studies in animals have not indicated genotoxicity in lung tissue. The database on oxidative stress and inflammation in animal studies is larger (13 studies); ten studies have reported increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers or inflammation, although the effects have been modest in most studies. The cell culture and animal studies have not consistently shown a different potency in effect between biodiesel and petrodiesel exhausts. Both increased and decreased potency have been reported, which might be due to differences in feedstock or combustion conditions. In conclusion, combustion products from biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel may evoke similar toxicological effects on genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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León-Mejía G, Quintana-Sosa M, de Moya Hernandez Y, Rodríguez IL, Trindade C, Romero MA, Luna-Carrascal J, Ortíz LO, Acosta-Hoyos A, Ruiz-Benitez M, Valencia KF, Rohr P, da Silva J, Henriques JAP. DNA repair and metabolic gene polymorphisms affect genetic damage due to diesel engine exhaust exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20516-20526. [PMID: 32246425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is a complex mixture of toxic gases, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, metals and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) generated from the incomplete combustion of diesel fuel. Many of the compounds in this mixture can cause oxidative damage to DNA and are considered carcinogenic for humans. Further, chronic DEE exposure increases risks of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Despite these pervasive health risks, there is limited and inconsistent information regarding genetic factors conferring susceptibility or resistance to DEE genotoxicity. The present study evaluated the effects of polymorphisms in two base excision repair (BER) genes (OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg280His), one homologous recombination (HRR) gene (XRCC3 Thr241Met) and two xenobiotic metabolism genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) on the genotoxicity profiles among 123 mechanics exposed to workplace DEE. Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. In comet assay, individuals with the GSTT1 null genotype demonstrated significantly greater % tail DNA in lymphocytes than those with non-null genotype. In contrast, these null individuals exhibited significantly lower frequencies of binucleated (BN) cells and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in buccal cells than non-null individuals. Heterozygous hOGG1 326 individuals (hOGG1 326 Ser/Cys) exhibited higher buccal cell NBUD frequency than hOGG1 326 Ser/Ser individuals. Individuals carrying the XRCC3 241 Met/Met polymorphism also showed significantly higher buccal cell NBUD frequencies than those carrying the XRCC3 241 Thr/Thr polymorphism. We found a high flow of particulate matter with a diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the workplace. The most abundant metals in DEPs were iron, copper, silicon and manganese as detected by transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) revealed particles with diameters smaller than PM2.5, including nanoparticles forming aggregates and agglomerates. Our results demonstrate the genotoxic effects of DEE and the critical influence of genetic susceptibility conferred by DNA repair and metabolic gene polymorphisms that shed light into the understanding of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Ibeth Luna Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marco Anaya Romero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jaime Luna-Carrascal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ludis Oliveros Ortíz
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Paula Rohr
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Weitekamp CA, Kerr LB, Dishaw L, Nichols J, Lein M, Stewart MJ. A systematic review of the health effects associated with the inhalation of particle-filtered and whole diesel exhaust. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:1-13. [PMID: 32100584 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1725187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture comprised of gases and particulate matter and is a contributor to ambient air pollution. To reduce health risks, recent changes in diesel engine technology have significantly altered the composition of diesel exhaust, primarily by lowering emissions of particulate matter. However, animal toxicological studies continue to report health effects following exposure to diesel exhaust from engines employing particulate filters. The cause of these effects remains unclear.Objective and methods: To gain an understanding of the role of both particle-filtered and whole diesel exhaust on specific health outcomes, we conducted a systematic review in which we examined animal toxicological and controlled human exposure studies that included a comparison between inhalation of particle-filtered and whole diesel exhaust on any health endpoint.Results: We identified 26 studies that met both the inclusion and study evaluation criteria. For most health outcomes, the particle filtration methods employed in the included studies did not appreciably attenuate the health effects associated with exposure to whole diesel exhaust. There were also several health endpoints for which significant effects were associated with exposure to either particle-filtered or whole diesel exhaust, but not to both.Conclusions: Overall, the results from this systematic review demonstrate that exposure to different components in diesel exhaust can have distinct and independent health effects. Thus, to better inform human health risk assessments, future studies aimed at elucidating the health effects from diesel exhaust should include exposure to both particle-filtered and whole diesel exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Weitekamp
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lukas B Kerr
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA.,Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Laura Dishaw
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - McKayla Lein
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA.,Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael J Stewart
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Hara-Yamamura H, Fukushima T, Tan LC, Okabe S. Transcriptomic analysis of HepG2 cells exposed to fractionated wastewater effluents suggested humic substances as potential inducer of whole effluent toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124894. [PMID: 31726595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We performed a transcriptome-based bioassay (TSB assay) using human hepatoma HepG2 cells to evaluate the potential toxicity of whole wastewater effluents from two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and a conventional activated sludge process (AS). The biologically active agent(s) in the wastewater effluents were characterized based on expression of the marker genes (i.e., CYP1A1, AKR1B10, GCLM and GPX2) selected by DNA microarray analysis, after the wastewater effluent samples were concentrated by a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and further fractionated by various manipulations. The qPCR assay of marker genes demonstrated that the induction of CYP1A1 and GPX2 was mitigated after passing through C18 and chelate columns. In addition, clear induction of CYP1A1 was observed in the smallest size fraction with 1 k Da or smaller organic molecules in all the tested effluents. These results together with the water quality data of the fractionated samples suggested that responsible constituents for potentially adverse and abnormal transcriptomic responses in HepG2 could have hydrophobic nature and act with metal-dissolved organic matter (DOM) complexes in 1 k Da or smaller size fraction. Although DOM is known to play two contradictory roles as a protector and an inducer of toxicants, our present study indicated the DOM in wastewater effluent, particularly humic substances with acidic nature, functioned as a toxicity inducer of residual chemicals in the effluents. This study provided a new insight into the nature of "toxic unknowns" in the wastewater effluents, which should be monitored whole through the reclamation process and prioritized for removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Hara-Yamamura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Fukushima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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21
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Experimental investigation of acoustic agglomeration of diesel engine exhaust particles using new created acoustic chamber. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Godri Pollitt KJ, Chhan D, Rais K, Pan K, Wallace JS. Biodiesel fuels: A greener diesel? A review from a health perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1036-1055. [PMID: 31726536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesels have been promoted as a greener alternative to diesel with decreased emissions and health effects. To investigate the scientific basis of the suggested environmental and health benefits offered by biodiesel, this review examines the current state of knowledge and key uncertainties of pollutant profiles of biodiesel engine exhaust and the associated the respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. The ease and low cost of biodiesel production has facilitated greater distribution and commercial use. The pollutant profile of biodiesel engine exhaust is distinct from diesel, characterised by increased NOx and aldehyde emissions but decreased CO and CO2. Lower engine-out particulate matter mass concentrations have also been observed over a range of feedstocks. However, these reduced emissions have been attributable to a shift towards smaller sized particulate emissions. The toxicity of biodiesel engine exhaust has been investigated in vitro using various lung cell, in vivo evaluating responses induced in animals and through several human exposure studies. Discrepancies exist across results reported by in vitro and in vivo studies, which may be attributable to differences in biodiesel feedstocks, engine characteristics, operating conditions or use of aftertreatment systems across test scenarios. The limited human testing further suggests short-term exposure to biodiesel engine exhaust is associated with cardiopulmonary outcomes that are comparable to diesel. Additional information about the health effects of biodiesel engine exhaust exposure is required for effective public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 444, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Dany Chhan
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Khaled Rais
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kang Pan
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S Wallace
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Zerboni A, Bengalli R, Baeri G, Fiandra L, Catelani T, Mantecca P. Mixture Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung A549 Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091302. [PMID: 31514423 PMCID: PMC6781047 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) mainly derive from combustion sources (e.g., diesel exhaust particles—DEP), abrasion sources (non-exhaust particles) or from the unintentional release of engineered nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles—NPs), determining human exposure to UFP mixtures. The aim of the present study was to analyse the combined in vitro effects of DEP and metal oxide NPs (ZnO, CuO) on human lung A549 cells. The mixtures and the relative single NPs (DEP, ZnO, CuO) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Cells were exposed for different times (3–72 h) to mixtures of standard DEP at a subcytotoxic concentration and ZnO and CuO at increasing concentrations. At the end of the exposure, the cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and clonogenic tests, the pro-inflammatory potential was evaluated by interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and the cell morphology was investigated by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results suggest that the presence of DEP may introduce new physico-chemical interactions able to increase the cytotoxicity of ZnO and to reduce that of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zerboni
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rossella Bengalli
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Baeri
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Combined cytotoxicity of co-exposure to aldehyde mixtures on human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:650-661. [PMID: 31035147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are well-known air pollutants and often studied alone, while co-exposure to aldehyde mixtures is more common than single aldehydes. Unfortunately, it has been very little known about the (mechanism of) combined toxicity of aldehyde mixtures. Here, formaldehyde and acrolein were selected as the typical representatives of common aldehydes, and were used to explore to get in-depth insight into the mechanism of combined toxicity of aldehyde mixtures. The NOECs (non-observed effect concentrations) are 60 μmoL/L for formaldehyde, and 0.5 μmoL/L for acrolein, so acrolein is more toxic than formaldehyde. Formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures showed significant cytotoxicity and synergistic effects in a concentration/time-dependent way on BEAS-2B cells based on acute and chronic cytotoxicity assay. Acrolein was dominant in aldehyde mixtures in inducing cytotoxicity at environmentally relevant doses because of higher toxicity. Moreover, aldehyde mixtures significantly synergistically increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, while caused an antagonistic effects on glutathione (GSH). Besides, formaldehyde could significantly potentiated the activation of environmental stress sensitive Nrf2 pathway induced by acrolein, even at doses at which formaldehyde treatment alone had no any response. Furthermore, as the downstream components of Nrf2 pathway, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly synergistically induced by formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures. Antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and reduced glutathione could significantly suppress the acute and chronic combined cytotoxicity of acrolein and formaldehyde mixtures, and changed their interactions (synergism) on cytotoxicity. Taken together, aldehyde mixtures have higher toxicity than that expected for additivity based on single aldehydes even at environmentally relevant concentrations, and the combined cytotoxicity may be enhanced through oxidative stress and the related Nrf2 pathway. Prolonged exposure to pollutants containing aldehyde mixtures through inhalation may have more serious threat to respiratory system in animal and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
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25
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Schmitz-Spanke S. Toxicogenomics - What added Value Do These Approaches Provide for Carcinogen Risk Assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:157-164. [PMID: 30909101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is still a major challenge to protect humans at workplaces and in the environment. To cope with this task, it is a prerequisite to obtain detailed information on the extent of chemical perturbations of biological pathways, in particular, adaptive vs. adverse effects and the dose-response relationships. This knowledge serves as the basis for the classification of non-carcinogens and carcinogens and for further distinguishing carcinogens in genotoxic (DNA damaging) or non-genotoxic compounds. Basing on quantitative dose-response relationships, points of departures can be derived for chemical risk assessment. In recent years, new methods have shown their capability to support the established rodent models of carcinogenicity testing. In vitro high throughput screening assays assess more comprehensively cell response. In addition, omics technologies were applied to study the mode of action of chemicals whereby the term "toxicogenomics" comprises various technologies such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, or metabolomics. This review aims to summarize the current state of toxicogenomic approaches in risk science and to compare them with established ones. For example, measurement of global transcriptional changes generates meaningful information for toxicological risk assessment such as accurate classification of genotoxic/non-genotoxic carcinogens. Alteration in mRNA expression offers previously unknown insights in the mode of action and enables the definition of key events. Based on these, benchmark doses can be calculated for the transition from an adaptive to an adverse state. In short, this review assesses the potential and challenges of transcriptomics and addresses the impact of other omics technologies on risk assessment in terms of hazard identification and dose-response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Bengalli R, Zerboni A, Marchetti S, Longhin E, Priola M, Camatini M, Mantecca P. In vitro pulmonary and vascular effects induced by different diesel exhaust particles. Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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León-Mejía G, Luna-Rodríguez I, Trindade C, Oliveros-Ortíz L, Anaya-Romero M, Luna-Carrascal J, Navarro-Ojeda N, Ruiz-Benitez M, Franco-Valencia K, Da Silva J, Henriques JAP, Muñoz-Acevedo A, Quintana-Sosa M. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mechanics occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:264-273. [PMID: 30612014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE), which is the product of diesel combustion, is considered carcinogenic in humans. It comprises toxic gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter which can reach the pulmonary parenchyma and trigger various diseases, including cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DEE exposure on peripheral blood and buccal epithelial cells in mechanics occupationally exposed to DEE. We recruited 120 exposed mechanics and 100 non-exposed control individuals. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of percentage of tail DNA and damage index (DI) in the alkaline comet assay; levels of biomarkers by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay; frequency of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear bud (NBUD) and apoptotic cells (APOP) and levels of biomarkers for micronucleus, karyorrhexis (KRX), karyolysis (KRL) and condensed chromatin (CC) by the buccal micronucleus cytome (BM-Cyt) assay. A significant and positive correlation was found between the frequency of MN in lymphocytes and buccal cells in the exposed group. Also, there was a significant correlation between age and percentage of tail DNA and DI in the comet assay, APOP and MN in the CBMN-Cyt assay and NBUD and MN in the BM-Cyt assay. Additionally, we found a positive and significant correlation of MN frequency in lymphocytes and buccal cells and age and MN frequency in lymphocytes with the time of service (years). Regarding lifestyle-related factors, a significant correlation was observed between meat and vitamin consumption and NBUD formation on CBMN-Cyt and between meat consumption and MN formation on CBMN-Cyt. Of the BM-Cyt biomarkers, there was a correlation between alcohol consumption and NBUD formation and between binucleated cell (BN), pyknosis (PYC), CC and KRL occurrence and family cancer history. These results are the first data in Colombia on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by continuous exposure to DEE and thus showed the usefulness of biomarkers of the comet, CBMN-Cyt and BM-Cyt assays for human biomonitoring and evaluation of cancer risk in the exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Ibeth Luna-Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ludis Oliveros-Ortíz
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marco Anaya-Romero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jaime Luna-Carrascal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Nebis Navarro-Ojeda
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco-Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amner Muñoz-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - M Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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28
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Magnusson P, Dziendzikowska K, Oczkowski M, Øvrevik J, Eide DM, Brunborg G, Gutzkow KB, Instanes C, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Sapierzynski R, Kamola D, Królikowski T, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Mruk R, Duale N, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Myhre O. Lung effects of 7- and 28-day inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels with and without particle filter - The FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:8-20. [PMID: 30685595 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels raises concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed cellular and molecular lung effects in Fisher 344 rats exposed to diesel engine exhaust emissions (DEE) from a Euro 5-classified diesel engine running on B7: petrodiesel fuel containing 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), or SHB20 (synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel): petrodiesel fuel containing 7% FAME and 13% hydrogenated vegetable oil. The Fisher 344 rats were exposed for 7 consecutive days (6 h/day) or 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week), both with and without diesel particle filter (DPF) treatment of the exhaust in whole body exposure chambers (n = 7/treatment). Histological analysis and analysis of cytokines and immune cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) did not reveal adverse pulmonary effects after exposure to DEE from B7 or SHB20 fuel. Significantly different gene expression levels for B7 compared to SHB20 indicate disturbed redox signaling (Cat, Hmox1), beta-adrenergic signaling (Adrb2) and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp1a1). Exhaust filtration induced higher expression of redox genes (Cat, Gpx2) and the chemokine gene Cxcl7 compared to non-filtered exhaust. Exposure time (7 versus 28 days) also resulted in different patterns of lung gene expression. No genotoxic effects in the lungs were observed. Overall, exposure to B7 or SHB20 emissions suggests only minor effects in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Magnusson
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Michał Oczkowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Dag M Eide
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Christine Instanes
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Jacek Wilczak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzynski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Tomasz Królikowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Nur Duale
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Oddvar Myhre
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
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29
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Karoui A, Crochemore C, Mulder P, Preterre D, Cazier F, Dewaele D, Corbière C, Mekki M, Vendeville C, Richard V, Vaugeois JM, Fardel O, Sichel F, Lecureur V, Monteil C. An integrated functional and transcriptomic analysis reveals that repeated exposure to diesel exhaust induces sustained mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunctions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:518-526. [PMID: 30583160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) contributes to air pollution, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms by which DE exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction remain unknown and there is still debate on the contribution of the primary particulate matter (PM) fraction compared to the gaseous phase. Although the mitochondria play a key role in the events leading to cardiovascular diseases, their role in DE-induced cardiovascular effects has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to highlight cardiac and mitochondrial events that could be disrupted following acute and/or repeated DE exposures and the contribution of gaseous pollutants to these effects. To address this question, Wistar rats were exposed to DE generated under strictly controlled and characterized conditions and extracted upstream or downstream of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). Evaluation of the cardiac function after acute DE exposure showed a disturbance in echocardiographic parameters, which persisted and worsened after repeated exposures. The presence of the DPF did not modify the cardiovascular dysfunction revealing an important implication of the gas phase in this response. Surprisingly, redox parameters were not altered by DE exposures while an alteration in mitochondrial oxidative capacity was observed. Exploration of the mitochondrial function demonstrated a more specific alteration in complex I of the respiratory chain after repeated exposures, which was further confirmed by transcriptional analysis of left ventricular (LV) tissue. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into cardiovascular effects induced by DE, demonstrating a cardiac mitochondrial impairment associated with the gaseous phase. These effects suggest deleterious consequences in terms of cardiac function for vulnerable populations with underlying energy deficit such as patients with heart failure or the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Clément Crochemore
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1096, Rouen, France
| | - David Preterre
- CERTAM, 1 rue Joseph Fourier, 76800, Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Malik Mekki
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Cathy Vendeville
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1096, Rouen, France
| | | | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France; Pôle Biologie, Rennes University Hospital, 35203, Rennes, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France; Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France.
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30
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Selley L, Phillips DH, Mudway I. The potential of omics approaches to elucidate mechanisms of biodiesel-induced pulmonary toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30621739 PMCID: PMC6504167 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combustion of biodiesels in place of fossil diesel (FD) has been proposed as a method of reducing transport-related toxic emissions in Europe. While biodiesel exhaust (BDE) contains fewer hydrocarbons, total particulates and carbon monoxide than FD exhaust (FDE), its high nitrogen oxide and ultrafine particle content may still promote pulmonary pathophysiologies. MAIN BODY Using a complement of in vitro and in vivo studies, this review documents progress in our understanding of pulmonary responses to BDE exposure. Focusing initially on hypothesis-driven, targeted analyses, the merits and limitations of comparing BDE-induced responses to those caused by FDE exposure are discussed within the contexts of policy making and exploration of toxicity mechanisms. The introduction and progression of omics-led workflows are also discussed, summarising the novel insights into mechanisms of BDE-induced toxicity that they have uncovered. Finally, options for the expansion of BDE-related omics screens are explored, focusing on the mechanistic relevance of metabolomic profiling and offering rationale for expansion beyond classical models of pulmonary exposure. CONCLUSION Together, these discussions suggest that molecular profiling methods have identified mechanistically informative, novel and fuel-specific signatures of pulmonary responses to biodiesel exhaust exposure that would have been difficult to detect using traditional, hypothesis driven approaches alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Selley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Ian Mudway
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Valand R, Magnusson P, Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Oczkowski M, Kamola D, Królikowski T, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Mruk R, Marcus Eide D, Sapierzyński R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Duale N, Øvrevik J, Myhre O. Gene expression changes in rat brain regions after 7- and 28 days inhalation exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels - The FuelHealth project. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:299-312. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1520370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Valand
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Magnusson
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Gajewska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Królikowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dag Marcus Eide
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Møller P, Wils RS, Jensen DM, Andersen MHG, Roursgaard M. Telomere dynamics and cellular senescence: an emerging field in environmental and occupational toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:761-788. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1538201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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de Santana SL, Verçosa CJ, de Araújo Castro ÍF, de Amorim ÉM, da Silva AS, da Rocha Bastos TM, da Silva Neto LJ, Dos Santos TO, De França EJ, Rohde C. Drosophila melanogaster as model organism for monitoring and analyzing genotoxicity associated with city air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32409-32417. [PMID: 30229497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the genotoxic potential of atmospheric pollution associated with urbanization using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and the Comet assay with hemolymph cells. Larvae were exposed to atmospheric compounds in an urban and a rural area in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil, for 6 days (from the embryo stage to the third larval stage) in April 2015 and April 2017. The results were compared to a negative environmental control group exposed to a preserved area (Catimbau National Park) and to a negative control exposed to the laboratory room conditions. The Comet assay demonstrated significant genetic damage in the organisms exposed to the urban area compared with those exposed to the rural area and negative control groups. The evidences were supported by particulate matter analysis showing higher photopeaks of chemical elements such as aluminum, silicon, sulfur, potassium, calcium, titanium, and iron, associated to road dust fraction in urban environment. Once again, the results confirm D. melanogaster an ideal bioindicator organism to monitor genotoxic hazard associated with atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lima de Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Cícero Jorge Verçosa
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Fillipe de Araújo Castro
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Érima Maria de Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - André Severino da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moura da Rocha Bastos
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Joaquim da Silva Neto
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira Dos Santos
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir De França
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rohde
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil.
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Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Mruk R, Oczkowski M, Żyła E, Królikowski T, Stachoń M, Øvrevik J, Myhre O, Kruszewski M, Wojewódzka M, Lankoff A, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. The effects of 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel exhaust exposure on hematological and biochemical blood indices of Fisher344 male rats - The FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 63:34-47. [PMID: 30142495 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust emissions (DEE), being one of the main causes of ambient air pollution, exert a detrimental effect on human health and increase morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects of exhausts emissions from B7 fuel, the first-generation biofuel containing 7% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and SHB20 fuel, the second-generation biofuel containing 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), after a whole-body exposure with and without diesel particle filter (DPF). The experiment was performed on 95 male Fischer 344 rats, divided into 10 groups (8 experimental, 2 control). Animals were exposed to DEE (diluted with charcoal-filtered room air to 2.1-2.2% (v/v)) for 7 or 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week) in an inhalation chamber. DEE originated from Euro 5 engine with or without DPF treatment, run on B7 or SHB20 fuel. Animals in the control groups were exposed to clean air. Our results showed that the majority of haematological and biochemical parameters examined in blood were at a similar level in the exposed and control animals. However, exposure to DEE from the SHB20 fuel caused an increase in the number of red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration. Moreover, 7 days exposure to DEE from SHB20 fuel induced genotoxic effects manifested by increased levels of DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, inhalation of both types of DEE induced oxidative stress and caused imbalance of anti-oxidant defence enzymes. In conclusion, exposure to DEE from B7, which was associated with higher exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, resulted in decreased number of T and NK lymphocytes, while DEE from SHB20 induced a higher level of DNA single-strand breaks, oxidative stress and increased red blood cells parameters. Additionally, DPF technology generated increased number of smaller PM and made the DEE more reactive and more harmful, manifested as deregulation of redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - M Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - J Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - R Mruk
- Department of Production Organization and Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - M Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - E Żyła
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - T Królikowski
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - M Stachoń
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - J Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Myhre
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Division of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - J Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Savary CC, Bellamri N, Morzadec C, Langouët S, Lecureur V, Vernhet L. Long term exposure to environmental concentrations of diesel exhaust particles does not impact the phenotype of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Damiao Gouveia AC, Skovman A, Jensen A, Koponen IK, Loft S, Roursgaard M, Møller P. Telomere shortening and aortic plaque progression in Apoliprotein E knockout mice after pulmonary exposure to candle light combustion particles. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:253-261. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Skovman
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismo Kalevi Koponen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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