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Li JY, Yao S, Mo Z, Miao Y, Chen Y, He W, Jin L, Tang W. Submerged plant-biochar composite system exhibits effective control over residual organic pollutants in the benthic organisms of aquaculture ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124078. [PMID: 38703986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
As of now, submerged plants and biochar have demonstrated significant benefits in aquaculture pond sediment remediation. However, there is limited research on the synergistic effects of biochar and submerged plants in mitigating hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) accumulation in aquaculture benthic organisms and in controlling the nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels in aquaculture water. This study assesses a submerged plant-biochar system's efficacy in removing HOCs from simulated freshwater aquaculture ponds. Vallisneria natans was planted in sediment with varying levels of wheat straw biochar, while Corbicula fluminea served as the targeted benthic organism. The bioaccumulation experiment identified the optimal biochar ratio for the Vallisneria natans-biochar system in controlling HOCs in aquaculture products. Analyses included final accumulation concentrations in benthic organisms, changes in freely-dissolved concentrations in aquaculture sediment, and a mass balance calculation to explore key factors in their removal from the system. Results indicated that the Vallisneria natans-1.5% biochar composite system achieved optimal control of HOCs in sediment and aquaculture products. Biochar addition to the sediment in the composite system demonstrated a "promotion with low addition, inhibition with high addition" effect on Vallisneria natans growth. Notably, the addition of 1.5% biochar (VN1.5 group) significantly promoted the growth of Vallisneria natans leaves and roots. Comparing the final pollutant proportions in different environmental media, concentrations in water (0.20%-1.8%), clam accumulation (0.032%-0.11%), and plant absorption (0.10%-0.44%) constituted a minimal portion of the overall pollutant load in the system. The majority of pollutants (24%-65%) were degraded in the aquaculture environment, with microbial degradation likely playing a predominant role. Bacterial phyla, particularly Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, were identified as potential direct contributors to pollutant degradation in the Vallisneria natans-biochar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilong Mo
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yabo Miao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Wenhui He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, and Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 100085, Beijing, China
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2
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Houwenhuyse S, Callens M, Bulteel L, Decaestecker E. Comparison between the gut bacterial community of laboratory cultured and wild Daphnia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad116. [PMID: 37740575 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fitness of an organism is often impacted by the composition and biological activity of its associated bacterial community. Many factors, including host genetics, diet, and temperature can influence the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, these factors can differ strongly between natural and laboratory environments. Consequently, several studies have highlighted results from laboratory experiments investigating host-associated bacterial communities to be conflicting with those obtained under field conditions. Here, we compared the Daphnia magna gut bacterial communities in natural host populations with those of laboratory cultured hosts. We further analyzed changes in the gut bacterial communities after transferring hosts from natural populations to the laboratory on the short- and long-term. Results show that, in general, the gut bacterial communities from natural populations differ from those of laboratory cultures and that their composition and diversity changed one hour after being transferred to the laboratory. Over the following 14 days, the composition and diversity changed gradually. On the longer term (after two years of rearing hosts in the laboratory) the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial communities was strongly altered compared to the initial state. Our findings indicate that the gut bacterial communities of Daphnia magna in laboratory experiments is not representative for natural field conditions, and that caution should be taken when interpreting results from laboratory experiments for natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Houwenhuyse
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Gent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Callens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Oostende 8400, Belgium
| | - Lore Bulteel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven- KU Leuven, Campus KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Wu S, Li H, Zhang D, Zhang H. Simultaneous determination of heavy metal concentrations and toxicities by diffusive gradient in thin films containing Acinetobacter whole-cell bioreporters (Bio-DGT). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121050. [PMID: 36632971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contaminations may cause severe toxic impacts to ecological systems and human health. Measurements of metals' bioavailable concentrations and toxicities simultaneously and in-situ in environments can advance the understanding of their hazardous effects. The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) is an in-situ technique can measure metal speciation and labile concentrations, but cannot yet provide the direct toxicity information. The whole-cell bioreporter Acinetobacter baylyi ADPWH_recA was successfully incorporated into the DGT device to develop a novel technique, Bio-DGT, for assessing the toxicity of metals at the same time of measuring their labile concentrations. The bioassay used in Bio-DGT can sense the mixture toxicity from multiple contaminants and the DGT can assist in identifying which toxicants may be causing the toxicity. Cadmium was used as the model metal to test the performance of Bio-DGT in waters and soils. The masses of Cd accumulated in Bio-DGT increased linearly and theoretically with time for 7 days deployment, indicating little influences from bioreporter cells on DGT performance. A positive relationship between bioluminescent signals towards Cd demonstrated the sensitive and active bioreporters' response. The sensitive of Bio-DGT, indicated by Cd concentrations causing the response, is 0.01 mg/L. The stable response from Bio-DGT under various conditions (pH 4-8, ionic strengths 0.01-0.5 M) and 30 days storage time suggest the applicability of the technique in real environments. The deployment of Bio-DGT in contaminated soils demonstrated that Cd toxicity was regulated by labile concentration, showing its potential application for the risk assessment of heavy metal contaminations, and its further feasibility in using Bio-DGT for measuring integration of multiple contaminants' effects and simultaneously determine the main toxicity driver(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hanbing Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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Fang T, Yang K, Wang H, Fang H, Liang Y, Zhao X, Gao N, Li J, Lu W, Cui K. Trace metals in sediment from Chaohu Lake in China: Bioavailability and probabilistic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157862. [PMID: 35934044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability-based probabilistic risk assessment is an effective approach for risk characterization of trace metals towards aquatic species. However, it has not been routinely applied in lake management due to limited research. In this study, Chaohu Lake (Anhui Province, China) was selected as a case study, and total and bioavailable concentrations of trace metals in surface sediment were investigated using chemical extraction and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was constructed using acute toxicity data to model the sensitivity of aquatic species towards metals. Three evaluation methods, namely, toxic units based on total content, modified potential ecological risk index (RI) based on chemical fractionation and DGT-SSD coupled PRA, were implemented and compared. Results showed that trace metals, especially Cd, were significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. Chemical fractionation analysis revealed that the majority of Cd was readily available to aquatic organisms, while Cr was stable under normal conditions. Toxic units based on the total content demonstrated that metals in sediment were at 91.6 % low and 8.4 % medium toxicity levels, while the modified RI based on chemical fractionation found toxicity levels of 84.1 % low and 15.9 % medium. Furthermore, the combined toxicity calculated from DGT-SSD coupled PRA showed that trace metals in sediment had a 24.8 % probability of toxic effects towards aquatic organisms, with Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni being the main contributors. Comparative analysis suggested that the DGT-SSD coupled PRA could provide a more objective and scientific evidence for lake management with regard to metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001,China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Na Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China.
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Lu XX, Gu YG, Wang ZH, Liang RZ, Han YJ, Li HS. Risk on assessment of 15 REEs and mixtures by DGT in Songhua River system sediments of China's largest old industrial base. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113368. [PMID: 35513058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in the high-tech sectors in the world and are therefore called burgeoning contaminants. As diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) can be used to assess the bioavailability of inorganic matters, in this paper, we evaluated, for the first time, the ecotoxicology risks of REEs and their mixtures in river sediments of China's old industrial base by DGT. During our research, taking the Songhua River system (SRS) as an example, we detected its surficial sediments, of which the DGT-labile concentration of REEs (∑REEs) was 2.07-8.76 μg/L. As for the single toxicity, the risk quotient (RQ) values of Y at all sites were significantly greater than 1; while the values of Nd and Pr in some upstream reaches were all significantly greater than the threshold (1), indicating that these adverse effects of single REEs were not neglected. In terms of the combined toxicity of REEs mixtures, we carried out an assessment of the risks of probabilistic ecotoxicology, which showed that the SRS superficial sediments had a low probability of toxicity to aquatic organisms (0.54%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang Province, 150025, China
| | - Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui-Ze Liang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hai-Song Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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6
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Zheng R, Wen J, Li JY, Wang Q, Yin J. Stabilization of heavy metals in sediments: A bioavailability-based assessment of carbon adsorbent efficacy using diffusive gradients in thin films. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Nguyen VH, Seon JY, Qasim GH, Fareed H, Hong Y, Han S. Applying the diffusive gradient in thin films method to assess soil mercury bioavailability to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39840-39852. [PMID: 33765261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the critical soil characteristics affecting mercury (Hg) bioavailability to the earthworm Eisenia fetida using the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method. The soil samples were collected from a tributary of the Hyeongsan River contaminated with industrial waste and landfill leachates called Gumu Creek. The Hg concentration in the soil had a range of 0.33-170 μg g-1 (average 33 ± 56 μg g-1), and the Hg concentration of earthworms incubated in the soils was 0.83-11 μg g-1 (average 2.9 ± 3.2 μg g-1). When correlation analysis was used to detect the key variables among the soil properties related to Hg accumulation in the soils, earthworms, and resins, the water-holding capacity, which is covaried with the organic matter content, was determined to be a primary factor in increasing Hg accumulation in the soils, earthworms, and resins. However, the experimentally determined earthworm bioaccumulation factor and the DGT accumulation factor were negatively affected by the water-holding capacity. Therefore, the water-holding capacity played a dual role in the Gumu Creek deposits: increasing the soil Hg concentration and decreasing Hg bioavailability and leachability. Further, the DGT-Hg flux was positively correlated with the Hg concentration in earthworms (r = 0.93). Although the earthworm accumulation of Hg is not processed by passive diffusion, this study proves that the DGT method is promising for predicting soil Hg bioavailability to the earthworm E. fetida, and the water-holding capacity simultaneously regulates Hg availability to the DGT and the earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huu Nguyen
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Seon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- HAEYANG ENERGY Co., 59, Sonjae-ro 287, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Hussain Qasim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong-si, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Macoustra GK, Koppel DJ, Jolley DF, Stauber JL, Holland A. Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Concentration and Source on the Chronic Toxicity of Copper and Nickel Mixtures to Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1908-1918. [PMID: 33751626 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There have been limited studies on the effects of toxicity-modifying factors, such as dissolved organic matter (DOM), on the toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic biota. The present study investigated the effects of DOM concentration (low, 2.8 ± 0.1 mg C/L; high, 11 ± 1.0 mg C/L) and DOM source (predominantly terrestrial or microbial) on the chronic toxicity of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) binary mixtures to the green freshwater microalga Chlorella sp. This was assessed by using a full factorial design of 72-h growth inhibition bioassays. Measured algal growth rate was compared with growth predicted by the concentration addition and independent action reference models. Model predictions were based on concentrations of dissolved metals, labile metals (measured by diffusive gradients in thin films [DGT]), and calculated free metal ions (determined by the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model). Copper/Ni mixture toxicity was synergistic to Chlorella sp. in the absence of added DOM, with evidence of metal concentration-dependent toxicity at low effect concentrations. As DOM concentration increased, the mixture interaction changed from synergism to noninteraction or antagonism depending on the metal speciation method used. The DOM source had no significant effect on mixture interaction when based on dissolved and free metal ion concentrations but was significantly different when based on DGT-labile metal concentrations. Ratio-dependent mixture interaction was observed in all treatments, with increased deviation from the reference model predictions as the mixture changed from Ni- to Cu-dominated. The present study demonstrated that both DOM concentration and source can significantly change metal mixture toxicity interactions and that these interactions can be interpreted differently depending on the metal speciation method used. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1908-1918. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella K Macoustra
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Xie M, Simpson SL, Huang J, Teasdale PR, Wang WX. In Situ DGT Sensing of Bioavailable Metal Fluxes to Improve Toxicity Predictions for Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7355-7364. [PMID: 33973770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increased risk of adverse biological effects of metals in sediments may be accompanied by high labile metal fluxes as measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. To improve the usefulness of the DGT technique for sediment quality risk assessments, we used the simpler and more cost-effective piston DGTs rather than planar DGT probes to measure bioavailable metal fluxes in naturally contaminated sediments with widely varying composition (properties, metals and concentrations) and assessed their prediction of toxicity to amphipod reproduction in a flow-through microcosm. DGT pistons were deployed in sediments under different conditions, both in the field (in situ) and in the laboratory in sediment cores (lab-equilibrated) and in homogenized sediments (lab-homogenized). We demonstrated that the metal flux toxic units, DGTTU, measured in situ best predicted the magnitude of toxicity to amphipod reproduction. For sediments that had been highly disturbed before testing, DGTTU were less predictive for observed toxicity, but the copper flux alone (DGTTU-Cu) was effective, indicating copper was the primary cause of toxicity in these highly perturbed sediments. Overall, our study highlighted that the adverse effects induced by excessive bioavailable metals in contaminated sediments can be consistently sensed by the DGT pistons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyin Huang
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Makes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Makes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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10
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Macoustra GK, Jolley DF, Stauber JL, Koppel DJ, Holland A. Speciation of nickel and its toxicity to Chlorella sp. in the presence of three distinct dissolved organic matter (DOM). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128454. [PMID: 33077193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel is often a metal of interest in regulatory settings given its increasing prevalence in disturbed freshwaters and as a known toxicant to fish and algae. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a toxicity modifying factor for nickel and a ubiquitous water physicochemical parameter. This study investigated the effect of DOM concentration and source on the chronic toxicity of nickel to Chlorella sp. using three DOM at two concentrations (3.1 ± 1.8 and 12 ± 1.3 mg C/L). Nickel toxicity to Chlorella sp. was not strongly influenced by DOM concentration. In the absence of DOM, the 72-h EC50 for Chlorella sp. was 120 μg Ni/L. In the low DOM treatment, nickel toxicity was either unchanged or slightly increased (87-140 μg Ni/L) and unchanged or slightly decreased in the high DOM treatment (130-240 μg Ni/L). DOM source also had little effect on nickel toxicity, the largest differences in nickel toxicity occurring in the high DOM treatment. Labile nickel (measured by diffusive gradients in thin-films, DGT) followed strong linear relationships with dissolved nickel (R2 > 0.97). DOM concentration and source had limited effect on DGT-labile nickel. DGT-labile nickel decreased with increasing DOM concentration for only one of the three DOM. Modelled labile nickel concentrations (expressed as maximum dynamic concentrations, cdynmax) largely agreed with DGT-labile nickel and suggested that toxicity is explained by free Ni2+ concentrations. This study confirms that nickel toxicity is largely unaffected by DOM concentration or source and that both measured (DGT) and modelled (cdynmax and free Ni2+) nickel concentrations can explain nickel toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella K Macoustra
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2232, Australia; La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, 3690, Australia.
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11
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Gao L, Li R, Liang Z, Wu Q, Yang Z, Li M, Chen J, Hou L. Mobilization mechanisms and toxicity risk of sediment trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) based on diffusive gradients in thin films: A case study in the Xizhi River basin, South China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124590. [PMID: 33234397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the mobilization mechanisms and predicting the potential toxicity risk of metals in sediment are essential to contamination remediation in river basins. In this study, a sequential extraction procedure and diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) were employed to investigate the mobilization mechanisms, release characteristics, and potential toxicity of sediment metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb). Acid-soluble and reducible fractions were the dominant geochemical species of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in sediments, indicating high mobility potentials for these metals under reducing conditions. In summer, the sediment acted as a source of water-column metals due to mineralization of organic matter and reductive dissolution of iron/manganese oxides in surface sediments, and the formation of metal sulfide precipitates markedly lowered DGT-labile metal concentrations with depth, while localized sulfide oxidation was responsible for fluctuating labile metal concentrations. Stable distribution patterns of labile metals resulted from the weak reducing conditions of sediment in winter, when the sediment shifted to a metal sink. The interstitial water criteria toxicity unit (IWCTU), calculated from DGT measurements, indicated no and low-to-moderate toxic risk of sediments in summer and winter seasons, respectively, and Pb was the major contributor to the predicted toxic effects in the soft interstitial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zuobing Liang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qirui Wu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Manzi Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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12
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French AD, Ragg NLC, Ericson JA, Goodwin E, McDougall DR, Mohammadi A, Vignier J. Balancing essential and non-essential metal bioavailability during hatchery rearing of Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112194. [PMID: 33862436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) during bivalve hatchery production is thought to improve larval yields due to the reduced exposure to toxic metals (such as Cu); however, few studies have focused on the bioavailability of metals during the rearing process. Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) were reared for 48 h with and without EDTA (12 µM) exposure and larvae were subsequently raised to 21 days post-fertilisation with and without EDTA exposure. Survival, shell length, algal ingestion rate, swimming activity, total metal concentration in water, bioavailable metal concentrations and larval metal accumulation were monitored for the 21 day period. Larval fitness (specifically D-yields) was improved on day 2 in the EDTA treatment, whereas an overall negative effect of EDTA treatment on fitness was observed on day 10 and 21. During the first 48 h, increased survival in the EDTA treatment is believed to be due to the reduction of bioavailable Zn concentrations in the rearing seawater. No other metal (essential or non-essential) displayed a consistent trend when comparing metal bioavailability to any of the fitness parameters measured throughout the experiment. Though the measured metal bioavailability was not clearly linked to fitness, the uptake of Al, P, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Hg by P. canaliculus was reduced during the first 48 h, suggesting that the biological regulation of these elements is just as important as the bioavailability. Overall, treatment of the rearing seawater with 12 µM EDTA is effective for improving Greenshell™ mussel larval yields by decreasing metal bioavailability during the first two days of development but has minimal benefit between day 2 and 21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Eric Goodwin
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Daniel R McDougall
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- University of Waikato, Hillcrest Rd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Julien Vignier
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, New Zealand
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13
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Koppel DJ, Av Price G, Brown KE, Adams MS, King CK, Gore DB, Jolley DF. Assessing metal contaminants in Antarctic soils using diffusive gradients in thin-films. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128675. [PMID: 33657749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants in Antarctic soils are typically found around research stations which are concentrated in ice-free coastal areas. The risk of these contaminants to the Antarctic environment is not well understood, given Antarctica's unique organisms and climate. This study assessed the use of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), a passive sampler that measures fluxes of labile metals from soils to porewaters, in Antarctic soils. DGT-labile measurements were compared to three chemical extractants of increasing strength including high-purity water, dilute acid (1 M HCl), and concentrated acids (3:1 v/v HNO3:HCl), to understand differences in contaminant geochemistry that may affect environmental risk. One site had high lead concentrations measured with dilute (114 ± 4 mg kg-1) and concentrated (150 ± 10 mg kg-1) acids, while DGT-labile concentrations were below the method detection limit (0.5 μg L-1), indicating that the lead species has low solubility or lability. Another site had low concentrations of zinc measured by dilute (36.2 ± 0.5 mg kg-1) or concentrated (76 ± 6 mg kg-1) acid extracts, but had high DGT-labile concentrations (350 ± 80 μg L-1). This reflects an active source of zinc supplied from soil to pore water over time. Copper was found to be acid extractable, water-soluble, and DGT-labile, with DGT-labile concentrations of up to 12 μg L-1. Despite the soil and metal-specific geochemical differences, any of the extracts could be used with statistical clustering techniques to identify differences in sites with elevated metal concentrations. This study shows that the DGT-method can identify contaminated sites comparably to chemical extracts but provides environmentally relevant measurements of metal contaminant lability in Antarctic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gwilym Av Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Brown
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | - Damian B Gore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
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14
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Umbría-Salinas K, Valero A, Martins SE, Wallner-Kersanach M. Copper ecological risk assessment using DGT technique and PNEC: A case study in the Brazilian coast. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123918. [PMID: 33264970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine systems are vulnerable to metals stress, such as copper (Cu). Thus, the development of applicable tools to improve routine monitoring programs is increasingly necessary. In the present work a comprehensive Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) was implemented by coupling the Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC), based on labile Cu (DGT) and the total dissolved Cu concentration. Additionally, toxicity data related to site-specific Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) were used. As case study, estuarine areas were selected on Brazilian coast, previously reported as Cu release in shipyard areas. The results indicated an increase in concentrations of dissolved and labile Cu during the application of antifouling paints. In locations where more vessels in maintenance were found, the concentration of Cu-DGT exceeded the PNEC value (0.16 μg.L-1) and represented an important part of the total dissolved fraction (>93 %). The MEC/PNEC quotients, showed that shipyard areas represent a high ecological risk. Thus, it is highlighted the need for site-specific environmental assessments to manage complex ecosystems and set in environmental legislation. Consequently, the novel coupling of DGT technique and the derivation of a site-specific PNEC represent an easily applicable tool as an alternative to classical ERAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelys Umbría-Salinas
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil; Biology Centre CAS, Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Astolfo Valero
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil; Biology Centre CAS, Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Samantha Eslava Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), NO-0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mônica Wallner-Kersanach
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, 96203-000, Brazil
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Macoustra GK, Jolley DF, Stauber J, Koppel DJ, Holland A. Amelioration of copper toxicity to a tropical freshwater microalga: Effect of natural DOM source and season. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115141. [PMID: 32659625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Australian tropical freshwaters can experience extreme seasonal variability in rainfall and run off, particularly due to pulse events such as storms and cyclones. This study investigated how seasonal variability in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality impacted the chronic toxicity of copper to a tropical green alga (Chlorella sp.) in the presence of two concentrations of DOM (low: ∼2 mg C/L; high: ∼10 mg C/L) collected from three tropical waters. Copper speciation and lability were explored using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and modelled maximum dynamic concentrations (cdynmax) using data derived from the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM VII). Relationships between copper lability and copper toxicity were assessed as potential tools for predicting toxicity. Copper toxicity varied significantly with DOM concentration, source and season. Copper toxicity decreased with increasing concentrations of DOM, with 50% growth inhibition effect concentrations (EC50) increasing from 1.9 μg Cu/L in synthetic test waters with no added DOM (0.34 mg C/L) up to 63 μg Cu/L at DOM concentrations of 9.9 mg C/L. Copper toxicity varied by up to 2-fold between the three DOM sources and EC50 values were generally lower in the presence of wet season DOM compared to dry season DOM. Linear relationships between DGT-labile copper and dissolved copper were significantly different between DOM source, but not concentration or season. Modelled cdynmax consistently under-predicted labile copper in high DOM treatments compared to DGT measurements but performed better in low DOM treatments, indicating that this method is DOM-concentration dependent. Neither speciation method was a good surrogate for copper toxicity in the presence of different sources of natural DOM. Our findings show that DOM source and season, not just DOM concentration, affect copper toxicity to freshwater biota. Therefore, DOM quality should be considered as a toxicity-modifying factor for future derivation of bioavailability-based site-specific water quality guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella K Macoustra
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jenny Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia; La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Freshwater Research Centre, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC 3690, Australia.
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16
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Yuan H, Yin H, Yang Z, Yu J, Liu E, Li Q, Tai Z, Cai Y. Diffusion kinetic process of heavy metals in lacustrine sediment assessed under different redox conditions by DGT and DIFS model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140418. [PMID: 32886994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different fractions and variations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Fe in sediment via oxic and anaerobic treatments were investigated using BCR sequential extraction methods, DGT technique, and DIFS model. The results indicated that reducible fraction was the considerable pool apart from residual fraction, suggesting the high desorption potential of heavy metals. The high-resolution DGT measurement indicated that CDGT significantly rose after anaerobic condition and characterized by the relative high R value. Significantly increasing positive fluxes varying from 0.64 to 339.4 μg cm-2 s-1 except Ni suggested that apparent diffusion upward occurred over time from the sediment to the overlying water on anaerobic episode. High proportion of reducible Fe fraction and concurrent reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) during anaerobic condition were responsible for the increase of labile metals. The diffusion kinetic parameters including the equilibrium distribution coefficient (Kd), response time (Tc), and rate constant (k1 and k-1) were obtained using DIFS model. These parameters confirmed the partially sustained resupply capacity of heavy metals from solid sediment particle to pore water because of the considerable reducible fractions. Additionally, planar optode (PO) imaging approach demonstrated that low pH accompanied with decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on anaerobic condition enhanced the release of labile metal fraction. Generally, anoxia facilitated the reduction of reducible fraction of heavy metals and further strengthened the desorption, resupply and diffusion in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hongbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianghu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250359, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Ziqiu Tai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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17
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Gu YG, Gao YP, Huang HH, Wu FX. First attempt to assess ecotoxicological risk of fifteen rare earth elements and their mixtures in sediments with diffusive gradients in thin films. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116254. [PMID: 32768660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging contaminants due to their large scale of exploitation worldwide for using in the high-technology sector. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) are a good method to measure the bioaccessibility of inorganic substances. This study is the first to evaluate the combined toxicity of REEs in sediments to aquatic biota using the DGT technique. The intertidal zone of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) was selected as a case study, as the upper reaches of the Pearl River is a major REE reserve and production region. The DGT-labile measured concentrations of REEs (∑REEs) were found to range from 7.02-16.06 μg/L in intertidal surface sediments of the PRE. Assessment of single REE toxicity found that risk quotient (RQ) values for Y, Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, Er, and Yb are significantly higher than 1, indicating that the adverse effects of these single REEs should be not ignored. The combined toxicity of REE mixtures based on probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment, shows that intertidal surface sediments of PRE had a low probability (3.72%) of toxic effects to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yan-Peng Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Hui Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
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18
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Koppel DJ, King CK, Brown KE, Price GAV, Adams MS, Jolley DF. Assessing the Risk of Metals and Their Mixtures in the Antarctic Nearshore Marine Environment with Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:306-315. [PMID: 31657908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Robust environmental assessments and contaminant monitoring in Antarctic near-shore marine environments need new techniques to overcome challenges presented by a highly dynamic environment. This study outlines an approach for contaminant monitoring and risk assessment in Antarctic marine conditions using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) coupled to regionally specific ecotoxicology data and environmental quality standards. This is demonstrated in a field study where DGT samplers were deployed in the near-shore marine environment of East Antarctica around the operational Casey station and the abandoned Wilkes station to measure the time-averaged biologically available fraction of metal contaminants. The incorporation of DGT-labile concentrations to reference toxicity mixture models for three Antarctic organisms predicted low toxic effects (<5% effect to the growth or development of each organism). The comparison of metal concentrations to the Australian and New Zealand default water quality guideline values (WQGVs) showed no marine site exceeding the WQGVs for 95% species protection. However, all sites exceeded the 99% WQGVs due to copper concentrations that are likely of geogenic origin (i.e., not from anthropogenic sources). This study provides evidence supporting the use of the DGT technique to monitor contaminants and assess their environmental risk in the near-shore marine environment of Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , NSW 2007 , Australia
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Australian Antarctic Division , Kingston , Tasmania 7050 , Australia
| | - Kathryn E Brown
- Australian Antarctic Division , Kingston , Tasmania 7050 , Australia
| | - Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , NSW 2007 , Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Faculty of Science , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , NSW 2007 , Australia
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19
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Simpson SL, Wang Y, Zhu L. Application of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for evaluating bioavailability of metal contaminants in the sediments of Taihu Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109627. [PMID: 31509782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicities of heavy metals in sediments are related to their bioavailability, which is critical for deriving reliable sediment quality guidelines. To evaluate the bioavailability of the metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), sediments were collected from Taihu Lake, one of the largest and most important freshwater lakes in China. Concentrations of simultaneously extracted metals (1-M HCl extraction, CSEM) in the sediments, metals released from sediment to pore waters and accumulated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT, CDGT), and dissolved metals in the overlying water (COLW) were measured separately. Sediment toxicity was assessed with tubificids (Monopylephorus limosus) and chironomids (Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus tentans). Significant relationships existed between the total metal concentrations and CSEM, CDGT, and COLW measurements (r2 = 0.43-0.95, n = 27, p < 0.001), with stronger relationships with CSEM (r2 = 0.91-0.95) than CDGT (r2 = 0.56-0.85) and COLW (r2 = 0.43-0.71). Risk quotients were derived by dividing CSEM by sediment quality guideline values (SQGVs), and by dividing both CDGT and COLW by water quality criteria (WQC). Toxicity of the sediments to the three species was better explained by the CSEM-based risk quotient than those derived from CDGT and COLW. The study indicated that DGT piston probes deployed face down in sediments did not accumulate metals in proportion to the bioavailable metal fraction that caused toxicity to these freshwater benthic organisms, and that single measurements of metals in overlying waters are not adequate for predicting risks of toxicity from sediments. The measurement of CSEM was determined to be effective for assessing the risk posed by the metals in the Taihu Lake sediments, but offered limited improvement over measurement of total metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jinxi Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Environment Contaminant Mitigation & Biotechnology, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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20
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Huu Nguyen V, Yee SK, Hong Y, Moon DH, Han S. Predicting mercury bioavailability in soil for earthworm Eisenia fetida using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19549-19559. [PMID: 31079304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In general, the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique is an effective tool for evaluating metal bioavailability; however, its applicability is subject to the type of metal and organism involved. In this study, the accumulated masses of Hg in DGT probes and in the earthworm species Eisenia fetida were monitored for 10 days, to test if the DGT technique can be used as a predicting method for the bioavailability of soil Hg to earthworms. In the Hg exposure tests using soils prepared with different peat moss concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% and varying pH values of 4.6, 5.6, and 6.2, the experimentally determined DGT-soil accumulation factor (DSAF) and biota-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) both increased as the peat moss content decreased and the pH increased. According to a one compartment model, this was a result of the increased Hg uptake rate constant (k1) and the relatively stable Hg elimination constant (k2) under lower peat moss and higher pH conditions. It is interesting to note that the Hg uptake rates by DGT and earthworms were considerably higher for fresh soils than for aged soils, while porewater (and acid-extractable) Hg concentrations were rather similar between the two types of soils. Across diverse soil properties, steady-state Hg in earthworm tissue showed a strong positive correlation with DGT-measured Hg flux ([earthworm Hg] = 354(DGT-Hg flux)-34, r2 = 0.88), while meager correlations were found between Hg concentration in earthworms and that in porewater (and acid-extractable). The overall results indicate that DGT-measured Hg flux is a better tool than conventional methods for predicting Hg bioavailability for earthworms inhabiting diverse types of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huu Nguyen
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seah Kah Yee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Moon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Strivens J, Hayman N, Johnston R, Rosen G. Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon on Copper Toxicity to Embryos of Mytilus galloprovincialis as Measured by Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1029-1034. [PMID: 30840314 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) potentially better quantifies bioavailable copper (Cu) in seawater. Laboratory exposure of DGTs and Mytilus galloprovincialis embryos at varying concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and Cu were performed to resolve the degree to which mimicry of toxicity buffering occurs in passive sampler quantification. The results provide preliminary median effect concentrations (EC50s) ranging from 4.8 to 11.5 µg/L as CDGT Cu over the span of 0.896 to 8.36 mg/L DOC. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-6. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Hayman
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Johnston
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard & Intermediate Maintenance Facility, Bremerton, Washington, USA
| | - Gunther Rosen
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, San Diego, California, USA
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