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Borlaza-Lacoste L, Mardoñez V, Marsal A, Hough I, Dinh VNT, Dominutti P, Jaffrezo JL, Alastuey A, Besombes JL, Močnik G, Moreno I, Velarde F, Gardon J, Cornejo A, Andrade M, Laj P, Uzu G. Oxidative potential of particulate matter and its association to respiratory health endpoints in high-altitude cities in Bolivia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119179. [PMID: 38768882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant health risk, driving the search for innovative metrics that more accurately reflect the potential harm to human health. Among these, oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as a promising health-based metric, yet its application and relevance across different environments remain to be further explored. This study, set in two high-altitude Bolivian cities, aims to identify the most significant sources of PM-induced oxidation in the lungs and assess the utility of OP in assessing PM health impacts. Utilizing two distinct assays, OPDTT and OPDCFH, we measured the OP of PM samples, while also examining the associations between PM mass, OP, and black carbon (BC) concentrations with hospital visits for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and pneumonia over a range of exposure lags (0-2 weeks) using a Poisson regression model adjusted for meteorological conditions. The analysis also leveraged Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to link these health outcomes to specific PM sources, building on a prior source apportionment study utilizing the same dataset. Our findings highlight anthropogenic combustion, particularly from traffic and biomass burning, as the primary contributors to OP in these urban sites. Significant correlations were observed between both OPDTT and PM2.5 concentration exposure and ARI hospital visits, alongside a notable association with pneumonia cases and OPDTT levels. Furthermore, PMF analysis demonstrated a clear link between traffic-related pollution and increased hospital admissions for respiratory issues, affirming the health impact of these sources. These results underscore the potential of OPDTT as a valuable metric for assessing the health risks associated with acute PM exposure, showcasing its broader application in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Borlaza-Lacoste
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Mardoñez
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Anouk Marsal
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Vy Ngoc Thuy Dinh
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pamela Dominutti
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Besombes
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM (UMR 5204), Chambéry, 73000, France
| | - Griša Močnik
- Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, 5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia; Haze Instruments d.o.o., 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Fernando Velarde
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Cornejo
- Viceministerio de Promoción, Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Medicina Tradicional (VPVEyMT), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Laj
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France.
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Liu H, Xu M, Yang Y, Cheng K, Liu Y, Fan Y, Yao D, Tian D, Li L, Zhao X, Zhang R, Xu Y. The oxidative potential of fine ambient particulate matter in Xinxiang, North China: Pollution characteristics, source identification and regional transport. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124615. [PMID: 39059700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can trigger the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger or exacerbate oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation. We collected 111 daily (∼24 h) ambient PM2.5 samples within an urban region of North China during four seasons of 2019-2020. PM2.5 samples were examined for carbonaceous components, water-soluble ions, and elements, together with their oxidative potential (represent ROS-producing ability) by DTT assay. The seasonal peak DTTv was recorded in winter (2.86 ± 1.26 nmol min-1 m-3), whereas the DTTm was the highest in summer (40.6 ± 8.7 pmol min-1 μg-1). WSOC displayed the highest correlation with DTT activity (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001), but the influence of WSOC on the elevation of DTTv was extremely negligible. Combustion source exhibited the most significant and robust correlation with the elevation of DTTv according to the linear mixed-effects model result. Source identification investigation using positive matrix factorization displayed that combustion source (36.2%), traffic source (30.7%), secondary aerosol (15.7%), and dust (14.1%) were driving the DTTv, which were similar to the results from the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Backward trajectory analysis revealed that the major air masses originate from local and regional transportation, but PM2.5 OP was more susceptible to the influence of short-distance transport clusters. Discerning the influence of chemicals on health-pertinent attributes of PM2.5, such as OP, could facilitate a deep understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between PM2.5 and impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; School of Ecology & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Di Tian
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xingzi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Ecology & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yadi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Zhang T, Lui KH, Ho SSH, Chen J, Chuang HC, Ho KF. Characterization of airborne endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and bioreactivity for elderly residents in Hong Kong. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116530. [PMID: 38833976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metals and bioreactivity properties of endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were characterized in the analysis. The average personal exposure concentrations to PM2.5 were ranged from 6.8 to 96.6 μg/m3. The mean personal PM2.5 concentrations in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 32.1±15.8, 22.4±11.8, 35.3±11.9, and 50.2±19.9 μg/m3, respectively. There were 85 % of study targets exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 threshold (24 hours). The mean endotoxin concentrations ranged from 1.086 ± 0.384-1.912 ± 0.419 EU/m3, with a geometric mean (GM) varied from 1.034 to 1.869. The concentration of iron (Fe) (0.008-1.16 μg/m3) was one of the most abundant transition metals in the samples that could affect endotoxin toxicity under Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. In summer, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels showed statistically significant differences compared to other seasons. Spearman correlation analysis showed endotoxin concentrations were positively correlated with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), implying possible roles as nutrients and further transport via adhering to the surface of fine inorganic particles. Mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was positively associated with endotoxin concentration and Cr as a combined exposure factor. The Cr contained the highest combined effect (0.205-0.262), suggesting that Cr can potentially exacerbate the effect of endotoxin on inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings will be useful for practical policies for mitigating air pollution to protect the public health of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Xing M, Ma Y, Cui F, Li D, Wang J, Tang L, Zheng L, Yang J, Tian Y. Air Pollution, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38982844 DOI: 10.1002/art.42929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few existing studies that investigate the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with long-term exposure to air pollutants. This study aimed to explore associations between long-term exposure to air pollutants and incident SLE and further evaluate interactions and joint effects of genetic risk and air pollutants. METHODS A total of 459,815 participants were included from UK Biobank. The concentrations of air pollutants (fine particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5], particulate matter diameter ≤10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and nitrogen oxides [NOx]) were estimated by land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazards model to explore linkages of air pollutants and incident SLE. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was used for further assessing the interactions and joint effects of genetic risk and air pollutants. RESULTS A total of 399 patients with SLE were identified during a median follow-up of 11.77 years. There were positive associations between air pollutant exposure and incident SLE, as the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06-1.32), 1.23 (1.10-1.39), 1.27 (1.14-1.41), and 1.13 (1.03-1.23) for each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx, respectively. Moreover, participants with high genetic risk and high air pollution exposure had the highest risk of incident SLE compared with those with low genetic risk and low air pollution exposure (adjusted hazard ratio: PM2.5, 4.16 [95% CI 2.67-6.49]; PM10, 5.31 [95% CI 3.30,-8.55]; NO2, 5.61 [95% CI 3.45-9.13]; and NOx, 4.80 [95% CI 3.00-7.66]). There was a significant multiplicative interaction between NO2 and PRS. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx) may increase the risk of developing SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Xing
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feipeng Cui
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dankang Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxi Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ye J, Hu H, Bu Z, Cao J, Liu W, Su C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Kan H, Ding Z, Qian H, Cao S, Liu C. Spatiotemporal distribution of oxidative potential in PM 2.5 and its key components across six Chinese cities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135119. [PMID: 38986405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has supported that oxidative potential (OP) serves as a crucial indicator of health risk of exposure to PM2.5 over mass concentration. However, there is a lack of comparative studies across multiple cities, particularly on a fine temporal scale. In this study, we aim to investigate daily variation of ambient PM2.5 OP through simultaneous samplings in six Chinese cities for one year. Results showed that more than 60 % of the sampling days exhibited non-zero ranking difference between volume-normalized oxidative potential (OPv) and mass concentration among the six cities. Key components contributing to OPv inculde Mn, NO3-, and K+, followed by Ca2+, Al, SO42-, Cl-, Fe, and NH4+. Based on these chemical components, we developed a stepwise multivariable linear regression model (R2: 0.71) for OPv prediction. The performance of the model is comparable to both species- and sources-based ones in the literature. These findings suggest that a relatively lower daily-averaged mass concentration of PM2.5 does not necessarily indicate a lower oxidative risk. Future studies and policy developments on health benefits should also consider OPv rather than mass concentration alone. Priority could be given to sources/species that contribute significantly to oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5. SYNOPSIS: This study highlights inclusion of oxidative potential as a complementary metric for air pollution assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunxiao Su
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Urban Heat and Pollution Control, Southeast University, China; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, UK
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Urban Heat and Pollution Control, Southeast University, China.
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Kim PR, Park SW, Han YJ, Lee MH, Holsen TM, Jeong CH, Evans G. Variations of oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in a medium-sized residential city in South Korea measured using three different chemical assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171053. [PMID: 38378060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although it is evident that PM2.5 has serious adverse health effects, there is no consensus on what the biologically effective dose is. In this study, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OPm) and the extrinsic oxidative potential (OPv) of PM2.5 were measured using three chemical assays including dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), along with chemical compositions of PM2.5 in South Korea. Among the three chemical assays, only OPmAA showed a statistically significant correlation with PM2.5 while OPmGSH and OPmDTT were not correlated with PM2.5 mass concentration. When the samples were categorized by PM2.5 mass concentrations, the variations in the proportion of Ni, As, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Se to PM2.5 mass closely coincided with changes in OPm across all three assays, suggesting a potential association between these elements and PM2.5 OP. Multiple linear regression analysis identified the significant PM components affecting the variability in extrinsic OPv. OPvAA was determined to be significantly influenced by EC, K+, and Ba while OC and Al were common significant factors for OPvGSH and OPvDTT. It was also found that primary OC was an important variable for OPvDTT while secondary OC significantly affected the variability of OPvGSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Rae Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ji Han
- Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myong-Hwa Lee
- Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
| | - Cheol-Heon Jeong
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Greg Evans
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Xu H, Gu Y, Bai Y, Li D, Liu M, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Sun J, Shen Z. Exploration and comparison of the relationship between PAHs and ROS in PM 2.5 emitted from multiple anthropogenic sources in the Guanzhong Plain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170229. [PMID: 38246388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions have emerged as an important source of urban atmospheric PM2.5, exacerbating air pollution and the associated health implications. This study analyses PM2.5, originating from major anthropogenic sources (industries, motor vehicles, and solid-fuel combustion for domestic applications) in the Guanzhong Plain in China, along with the parent- (p-), alkylated- (a-), and oxygenated- (o-) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in PM2.5. Industrial emissions are mainly characterised by high abundances of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), and benz[a]fluoranthene (BaF). The 4-ring p-PAHs, such as fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and chrysene (CHR) proportions and the diagnostic ratios of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP)/[IcdP + benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)] and 1-acenaphthenone (1ACO)/[1ACO + 9-fluorenone (9FO)] in motor vehicle emission PM2.5 were higher than the other sources. Household solid fuel combustion features high proportions of methylnaphthalene (M-NAP), i.e., 2 M-NAP and 1 M-NAP and 3-ring p-PAHs. Acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACE), anthracene (ANT), 1,4-chrysenequinone (1,4CHRQ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were positively correlated among the three anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the correlations between other PAHs and ROS varied significantly among the three sources. As mixed and compound organic pollutants, 2- and 3-ring p-PAHs were more positively correlated with the ROS activity of household solid fuel combustion sources compared with industrial and motor vehicle sources. Based on the relative contribution of these three sources to PAHs in PM2.5, we estimated the cancer risks of males and females in the Guanzhong area to be 2.95 × 10-6 and 2.87 × 10-6, respectively, exceeding the safety threshold of 1 × 10-6. This study provides a basic dataset for conducting a refined source apportionment of PM2.5 and a scientific basis for further understanding the relationship between PM2.5, PAHs, and ROS in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yunxuan Gu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Meixuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zexuan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Sharma B, Mao J, Jia S, Sharma SK, Mandal TK, Bau S, Sarkar S. Size-distribution and driving factors of aerosol oxidative potential in rural kitchen microenvironments of northeastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123246. [PMID: 38158012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study reports size-resolved dithiothreitol (DTT)-based oxidative potential (OP: total and water-soluble) in rural kitchens using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), firewood (FW), and mixed biomass (MB) fuels in northeastern (NE) India. In comparison to LPG, volume-normalized total OP (OPtotal(v)DTT) was enhanced by a factor of ∼5 in biomass-using kitchens (74 ± 35 to 78 ± 42 nmol min-1 m-3); however, mass-normalized total OP (OPtotal(m)DTT) was similar between LPG and FW users and higher by a factor of 2 in MB-using kitchens. The water-insoluble OP (OPwi(v, m)DTT) fraction in OPtotal(v, m)DTT was greater than 50% across kitchens. Size distributions across kitchens and OPDTT categories ranged from unimodal to trimodal. OPws(v)DTT was driven by metals as well as organics across size fractions while OPwi(v)DTT was majorly constrained by metals with an increasing importance of organics in fine particles of biomass-using kitchens. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Cu and Ba explained 71% of the OPtotal(v)DTT variability in LPG-using kitchens, while water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and Ba were responsible for 44% variability in FW-using kitchens. Finally, the high internal dose of OPtotal(v)DTT (28-31 nmol min-1 m-3) in biomass-using kitchens established the severity of oxidative stress on the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Sharma
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
| | - Jingying Mao
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Sudhir K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Tuhin K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sebastien Bau
- Laboratory of Aerosol Metrology, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, Vandoeuvre Cedex 54519, France.
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
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Park M, Lee S, Lee H, Denna MCFJ, Jang J, Oh D, Bae MS, Jang KS, Park K. New health index derived from oxidative potential and cell toxicity of fine particulate matter to assess its potential health effect. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25310. [PMID: 38356560 PMCID: PMC10864913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxicological data and exposure levels of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) are necessary to better understand their health effects. Simultaneous measurements of PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) and cell toxicity in urban areas (Beijing, China and Gwangju, Korea) reveal their dependence on chemical composition. Notably, acids (Polar), benzocarboxylic acids, and Pb were the chemical components that affected both OP and cell toxicity. OP varied more significantly among different locations and seasons (winter and summer) than cell toxicity. Using the measured OP, cell toxicity, and PM2.5 concentration, a health index was developed to better assess the potential health effects of PM2.5. The health index was related to the sources of PM2.5 derived from the measured chemical components. The contributions of secondary organic aerosols and dust to the proposed health index were more significant than their contributions to PM2.5 mass. The developed regression equation was used to predict the health effect of PM2.5 without further toxicity measurements. This new index could be a valuable health metric that provides information beyond just the PM2.5 concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebum Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ma. Cristine Faye J. Denna
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Oh
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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10
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Marsal A, Sauvain JJ, Thomas A, Lyon-Caen S, Borlaza LJS, Philippat C, Jaffrezo JL, Boudier A, Darfeuil S, Elazzouzi R, Lepeule J, Chartier R, Bayat S, Slama R, Siroux V, Uzu G. Effects of personal exposure to the oxidative potential of PM 2.5 on oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168475. [PMID: 37951259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a prominent pathway for the health effects associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. Oxidative potential (OP) of PM has been associated to several health endpoints, but studies on its impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress remains insufficient. 300 pregnant women from the SEPAGES cohort (France) carried personal PM2.5 samplers for a week and OP was measured using ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays, and normalized by 1) PM2.5 mass (OPm) and 2) sampled air volume (OPv). A pool of three urine spots collected on the 7th day of PM sampling was analyzed for biomarkers, namely 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (8-isoPGF2α). Associations were investigated using adjusted multiple linear regressions. OP effects were additionally investigated by stratifying by median PM2.5 concentration (14 μg m-3). In the main models, no association was observed with 8-isoPGF2α, nor MDA. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in OPmAA exposure was associated with increased 8-OHdG (percent change: 6.2 %; 95 % CI: 0.2 % to 12.6 %). In the stratified analysis, exposure to OPmAA was associated with 8-OHdG for participants exposed to low levels of PM2.5 (percent change: 11.4 %; 95 % CI: 3.3 % to 20.1 %), but not for those exposed to high levels (percent change: -1.0 %; 95 % CI: -10.6 % to 9.6 %). Associations for OPmDTT also followed a similar pattern (p-values for OPmAA-PM and OPmDTT-PM interaction terms were 0.12 and 0.11, respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that OPmAA may be associated with increased DNA oxidative damage. This association was not observed with PM2.5 mass concentration exposure. The effects of OPmAA in 8-OHdG tended to be stronger at lower (below median) vs. higher concentrations of PM2.5. Further epidemiological, toxicological and aerosol research are needed to further investigate the OPmAA effects on 8-OHdG and the potential modifying effect of PM mass concentration on this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Marsal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France; Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Darfeuil
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rhabira Elazzouzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA07 STROBE Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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11
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Raparthi N, Yadav S, Khare A, Dubey S, Phuleria HC. Chemical and oxidative properties of fine particulate matter from near-road traffic sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122514. [PMID: 37678733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity associated with the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has not been well studied, particularly in relation to the emissions from on-road vehicles and other sources in low- and middle-income countries such as India. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 at a roadside (RS) site with heavy vehicular traffic and an urban background (BG) site in Mumbai using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Simultaneous gravimetric PM2.5 was measured at both sites and characterized for carbonaceous constituents and water-soluble trace elements and metals. Results depicted higher PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) concentrations on the RS than BG (by a factor of 1.7, 4.6, and 1.2, respectively), while BG had higher water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) levels (by a factor of 1.4) and a higher WSOC to OC ratio (86%), likely due to the dominance of secondary aerosol formation. In contrast, the measured OPDTTv at RS (8.9 ± 5.5 nmol/min/m3) and BG (8.1 ± 6.4 nmol/min/m3) sites were similar. However, OPDTTv at BG was higher during the afternoon, suggesting the influence of photochemical transformation on measured OPDTTv at BG. At RS, OC and redox-active metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) were significantly associated with measured OP (p < 0.05), while at BG, WSOC was most strongly associated (p < 0.05). The coefficient of divergence (COD) for PM2.5, its chemical species, and OPDTTv was >0.2, indicating spatial heterogeneity between the sites, and differences in emission sources and toxicity. The estimated hazard index (HI) was not associated with OPDTTv, indicating that current PM2.5 mass regulations may not adequately capture the health effects of PM2.5. The study highlights the need for further studies examining PM2.5 toxicity and developing toxicity-based air quality regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Raparthi
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Air Quality Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Suman Yadav
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashi Khare
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shreya Dubey
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Harish C Phuleria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Koita Centre for Digital Health, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Schiavo B, Meza-Figueroa D, Vizuete-Jaramillo E, Robles-Morua A, Angulo-Molina A, Reyes-Castro PA, Inguaggiato C, Gonzalez-Grijalva B, Pedroza-Montero M. Oxidative potential of metal-polluted urban dust as a potential environmental stressor for chronic diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3229-3250. [PMID: 36197533 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) associated with metals in urban dust has become a public health concern. Chronic diseases linked to general inflammation are particularly affected by OS. This research analyzes the spatial distribution of metals associated with OS, the urban dust´s oxidative potential (OP), and the occurrence of diseases whose treatments are affected by OS. We collected 70 urban dust samples during pre- and post-monsoon seasons to achieve this. We analyzed particle size distribution and morphology by scanning electron microscopy, as well as metal(loid)s by portable X-ray fluorescence, and OP of dust in artificial lysosomal fluid by using an ascorbic acid depletion assay. Our results show that the mean concentration of Fe, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, and V in pre-monsoon was 83,984.6, 98.4, 23.5, 165.8, 301.3, and 141.9 mg kg-1, while during post-monsoon was 50,638.8, 73.9, 16.7, 124.3, 178.9, and 133.5 mg kg-1, respectively. Impoverished areas with the highest presence of cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases coincide with contaminated areas where young adults live. We identified significant differences in the OP between seasons. OP increases during the pre-monsoon (from 7.8 to 237.5 nmol AA min-1) compared to the post-monsoon season (from 1.6 to 163.2 nmol AA min-1). OP values are much higher than measured standards corresponding to contaminated soil and urban particulate matter, which means that additional sources beside metals cause the elevated OP. The results show no risk from chronic exposure to metals; however, our results highlight the importance of studying dust as an environmental factor that may potentially increase oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Schiavo
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04150, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Efrain Vizuete-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
| | - Agustin Robles-Morua
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Pablo A Reyes-Castro
- Centro de Estudios en Salud y Sociedad, El Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Claudio Inguaggiato
- Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Belem Gonzalez-Grijalva
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Martin Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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13
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Liu Y, Chan CK. The oxidative potential of fresh and aged elemental carbon-containing airborne particles: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:525-546. [PMID: 35333266 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental carbon is often found in ambient particulate matter (PM), and it contributes to the PM's oxidative potential (OP) and thus poses great health concerns. Previous review articles mainly focused on the methodologies in evaluating OP in PM and its relationship with selected chemical constituents, including metal ions, PAHs, and inorganic species. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the effect of atmospheric aging processes on the OP of EC-containing airborne particles (ECCAPs). This review investigates more than 150 studies concerning the OP measurements and physico-chemical properties of both fresh and aged ECCAPs such as laboratory-generated elemental carbon (LGEC), carbon black (CB), soot (black carbon), and engineered carbon-containing nanomaterials (ECCBNs). Specifically, we summarize the characteristics of water-soluble and insoluble organic species, PAHs, quinone, and oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), and EC crystallinity. Both water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contribute to the OP. Low molecular weight (MW) PAHs show a higher correlation with OP than high MW PAHs. Furthermore, oxidative aging processes introduce OFGs, where quinone (CO) and epoxide (O-C-O) increase the OP of ECCAPs. In contrast, carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) slightly change the OP. The low crystallinity of EC favors the oxygen addition and forms active OFG quinone, thus increasing the OP. More detailed analyses for the EC microstructures and the organic coatings are needed to predict the OP of ECCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Altuwayjiri A, Pirhadi M, Kalafy M, Alharbi B, Sioutas C. Impact of different sources on the oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter PM 10 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A focus on dust emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150590. [PMID: 34597581 PMCID: PMC8907835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) to identify the most significant sources contributing to the toxicity of PM10 in the city center of Riyadh. PM10 samples were collected using a medium-volume air sampler during cool (December 2019-March 2020) and warm (May 2020-August 2020) seasons, including dust and non-dust events. The collected filters were analyzed for their chemical components (i.e., water-soluble ions, metals, and trace elements) as well as oxidative potential and elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC) contents. Our measurements revealed comparable extrinsic oxidative potential (P-value = 0.30) during the warm (1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/min-m3) and cool (1.1 ± 0.1 nmol/min-m3) periods. Moreover, we observed higher extrinsic oxidative potential of PM10 samples collected during dust events (~30% increase) compared to non-dust samples. Our PCA-MLR analysis identified soil and resuspended dust, secondary aerosol (SA), local industrial activities and petroleum refineries, and traffic emissions as the four sources contributing to the ambient PM10 oxidative potential in central Riyadh. Soil and resuspended dust were the major source contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM10, accounting for 31% of the total oxidative potential. Secondary aerosols (SA) were the next important source of PM10 toxicity in the area as they contributed to about 20% of the PM10 oxidative potential. Results of this study revealed the major role of soil and resuspended road dust on PM10 toxicity and can be helpful in adopting targeted air quality policies to reduce the population exposure to PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Altuwayjiri
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Majmaah University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milad Pirhadi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Kalafy
- Saudi Envirozone, Air Quality Monitoring Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alharbi
- National Center for Environmental Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Oh SH, Song M, Schauer JJ, Shon ZH, Bae MS. Assessment of long-range oriented source and oxidative potential on the South-west shoreline, Korea: Molecular marker receptor models during shipborne measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:116979. [PMID: 33813190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the quantitative contributions of PM2.5 on the South-west shoreline of Korea, filter based samplings were conducted in the summertime of 2017 and 2018 (total 32 days) via shipborne measurements using both a high volume and middle volume air sampler. Water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon, elemental species, and organic molecular markers by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry were utilized to characterize the collected substrates. The current study investigates the (1) chemical characteristics of PM2.5, (2) source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and (3) relationship between sources and the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay during the two sampling periods. A mean PM2.5 concentration of 19.3 μg/m3 was observed along the entire sampling route. The ratio of water-soluble to organic carbon implies that secondary aerosol formation is dominant. The result of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) suggests the contribution of a marine-oriented biogenic source of PM2.5. The PMF source apportionment model showed six source categories with reasonably stable profiles: 1) sulfate-rich, 2) MSA-rich, 3) nitrate-rich, 4) secondary organic, 5) continental, and 6) biomass burning sources. The PMF showed three strong events (i.e., long-range transport, mixed (ocean and long-range stay), and domestic origin events) in the contributions of sources, as well as a dependence on wind transport. Higher associations with DTT oxidative potential normalized to PM2.5 mass concentration (DTT-OPm) related to long-range transport, hence, confirming the impacts of the highest intrinsic oxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sea-Ho Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungki Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, USA
| | - Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Sarkar C, Webster C, Cao J, Hsiao TC, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of personal exposure to fine particles in adult residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116633. [PMID: 33561752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological studies have demonstrated the associations between fine particle (PM2.5) components and various cytotoxic endpoints. However, few studies have investigated the toxicological effects of source-specific PM2.5 at the individual level. To investigate the potential impact of source-specific PM2.5 on cytotoxic effects, we performed repeated personal PM2.5 monitoring of 48 adult participants in Hong Kong during the winter and summer of 2014-2015. Quartz filters were analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols and water-soluble ions in PM2.5. Teflon filters were collected to determine personal PM2.5 mass and metal concentrations. The toxicological effects of personal PM2.5 exposure-including cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-were measured using A549 cells in vitro. Personal PM2.5 samples collected in winter were more effective than those collected in summer at inducing cytotoxicity and the expression of proinflammation cytokine IL-6. By contrast, summer personal PM2.5 samples induced high ROS production. We performed a series of statistical analyses, Spearman correlation and a source apportionment approach with a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, to explore the sources contributing most significantly to personal PM2.5 bioreactivity. Secondary inorganic species and transition metals were discovered to be weak-to-moderately associated with cytotoxicity (rs: 0.26-0.55; p < 0.01) and inflammatory response (rs: 0.26-0.44; p < 0.05), respectively. Carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., organic and elemental carbon; rs: 0.23-0.27; p < 0.05) and crustal material (Mg and Ca) was positively associated with ROS generation. The PMF-MLR models revealed that tailpipe exhaust and secondary sulfate contributed to ROS generation, whereas secondary nitrate was the major contributor to PM2.5 cytotoxicity and inflammation. These results improve and variate the arguments for practical policies designed to mitigate the risks posed by air pollution sources and to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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17
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Zazouli MA, Dehbandi R, Mohammadyan M, Aarabi M, Dominguez AO, Kelly FJ, Khodabakhshloo N, Rahman MM, Naidu R. Physico-chemical properties and reactive oxygen species generation by respirable coal dust: Implication for human health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124185. [PMID: 33189473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mineralogy, micro-morphology, chemical characteristics and oxidation toxicity of respirable dusts generated in underground coal mines. The active sampling was applied to collect airborne particulates with aerodynamic diameter <4 µm (PM4) at depth greater than 500 m from earth surface. The average mass concentration of PM4 was extremely higher than recommended values. QXRD and FESEM-EDS analyses were applied to study the micro-mineralogy and micro-morphology of respirable dusts. The chemical analysis by ICP-MS revealed an enrichment of V, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd and Sb in respirable dust compared with the background environment and world coals. The EPA's health risk model showed that the health risk posed by Cr and Co in all workplaces exceeded the acceptable risk value for human health. The synthetic respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) model was utilized to achieve a novel insight into the toxicity of respirable coal dust. The result showed an overall depletion of lung surface antioxidants with the decreasing trend of ascorbic acid > reduced glutathione >> urate, implying low- to medium level of oxidative stress. The result of this study can be applied globally by decision-makers to decrease hazardous exposure of mine workers to respirable dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Mohammadyan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aarabi
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ana Oliete Dominguez
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London, UK
| | - Nafise Khodabakhshloo
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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18
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Patel A, Rastogi N, Gandhi U, Khatri N. Oxidative potential of atmospheric PM 10 at five different sites of Ahmedabad, a big city in Western India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115909. [PMID: 33143975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents the oxidative potential (OP) along with a wide range of chemical speciation of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) at five sites representing different environments in Ahmedabad, a big city in western India. On an average, PM10 concentrations were 116 ± 36, 228 ± 43, 133 ± 29, 101 ± 21, and 70 ± 20 μg m-3; volume-normalized OP (OPV) were 2.51 ± 0.71, 5.62 ± 0.68, 2.69 ± 0.76, 2.14 ± 0.41, and 1.55 ± 0.51 nmol DTT min-1 m-3; and mass-normalized OP (OPM) were 22 ± 3, 25 ± 5, 21 ± 6, 21 ± 2, and 22 ± 3 pmol DTT min-1 μg-1 over Bapunagar (backward residential area), Narol (industrial), Paldi (bus transport hub), Income Tax (huge running traffic) and Science City (posh residential area), respectively. Overall, OPV showed a significant linear correlation with PM10, whereas OPM showed near uniformity with increasing PM10. Although the OPM values were similar, the site-to-site variability in PM10 concentration reflects the corresponding health risks associated with PM10 exposure for the people living in these areas. Further, a noticeable temporal variation in OPM at Narol and Paldi suggests that species with diverse OPM contributed to PM10 on different days. A strong linear relationship between the ratio of OPV to the mass concentration of organic carbon (OPOC) and the ratio of m/z 43 signal to total water-soluble organic aerosols (WSOA) signals (f43) suggests that the fossil-fuel combustion derived WSOA have higher OP. Furthermore, the relationships of OP with water-soluble trace metals and brown carbon are also investigated and discussed in this paper. Nitrogenous organic compounds particularly emitted from the traffic-related sources in Paldi and Income Tax have higher OPOC than those emitted from other sources over Bapunagar, Narol, and Science City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patel
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Utsav Gandhi
- Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Nitasha Khatri
- Gujarat Environment Management Institute, Gandhinagar, India
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19
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Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical composition, their solubility, and their oxidative potential in a phosphate buffer (PB) solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The oxidative potential (OPDTT) of WF CRMs was evaluated using an acellular method by following the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate (µmol DTT L−1 min−1). Pure metal salts present in the PB soluble fraction of the WF CRMs were tested individually at equivalent molarity to estimate their specific contribution to the total OPDTT. The metal composition of MSWF-1 consisted mainly of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and the SSWF-1 composition consisted mainly of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in diminishing order. The metal PB solubility decreased from Cu (11%) to Fe (approximately 0.2%) for MSWF-1 and from Mn (9%) to Fe (<1%) for SSWF-1. The total OPDTT of SSWF-1 is 2.2 times the OPDTT of MSWF-1 due to the difference in oxidative capacity of soluble transition metals. Cu (II) and Mn (II) are the most sensitive towards DTT while Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Zn (II) are barely reactive, even at higher concentrations. The OPDTT measured for both WF CRMs extracts compare well with simulated extracts containing the main metals at their respective PB-soluble concentrations. The most soluble transition metals in the simulated extract, Mn (II) and Cu (II), were the main contributors to OPDTT in WF CRMs extracts. Mn (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) might enhance the DTT oxidation by a redox catalytic reaction. However, summing the main individual soluble metal DTT response induces a large overestimation probably linked to modifications in the speciation of various metals when mixed. The complexation of metals with different ligands present in solution and the interaction between metals in the PB-soluble fraction are important phenomena that can influence OPDTT depletion and therefore the potential health effect of inhaled WF.
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20
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Guo H, Jin L, Huang S. Effect of PM characterization on PM oxidative potential by acellular assays: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:461-470. [PMID: 32589608 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The health risks brought by particles cannot be present via a sole parameter. Instead, the particulate matter oxidative potential (PM OP), which expresses combined redox properties of particles, is used as an integrated metric to assess associated hazards and particle-induced health effects. OP definition provides the capacity of PM toward target oxidation. The latest technologies of a cellular OP measurement has been growing in relevant studies. In this review, OP measurement techniques are focused on discussing along with PM characterization because of many related studies via OP measurements investigating relationship with human health. Many OP measurement methods, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) assay and other a cellular assays, are used to study the association between PM toxicity and PM characterization that make different responses, including PM components, size and sources. Briefly, AA and DTT assays are sensitive to metals (such as copper, manganese and iron etc.) and organics (quinones, VOCs and PAH). Measured OP have significant association with certain PM-related end points, for example, lung cancer, COPD and asthma. Literature has found that exposure to measured OP has higher risk ratios than sole PM mass, which may be containing the PM health-relevant fraction. PM characterization effect on health via OP measurement display a promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Merk R, Heßelbach K, Osipova A, Popadić D, Schmidt-Heck W, Kim GJ, Günther S, Piñeres AG, Merfort I, Humar M. Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) from Biomass Combustion Induces an Anti-Oxidative Response and Cancer Drug Resistance in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8193. [PMID: 33171923 PMCID: PMC7664250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population relies on combustion of solid biofuels to cover fundamental energy demands. Epidemiologic data demonstrate that particularly long-term emissions adversely affect human health. However, pathological molecular mechanisms are insufficiently characterized. Here we demonstrate that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from biomass combustion had no impact on cellular viability and proliferation but increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Activation of Nrf2 was promoted by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK1/2, but not p38 or Akt, which were also induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, cells exposed to PM2.5 acquired chemoresistance to doxorubicin, which was associated with inhibition of apoptosis and elevated levels of GSH in these cells. Our findings propose that exposure to PM2.5 induces molecular defense mechanisms, which prevent cellular damage and may thus explain the initially relative rare complications associated with PM2.5. However, consistent induction of pro-survival pathways may also promote the progression of diseases. Environmental conditions inducing anti-oxidative responses may have the potential to promote a chemoresistant cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Merk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Katharina Heßelbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Osipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Désirée Popadić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.-J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.-J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Alfonso García Piñeres
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
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22
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A novel lung alveolar cell model for exploring volatile biomarkers of particle-induced lung injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15700. [PMID: 32973288 PMCID: PMC7515894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quartz can increase oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to explore the volatile biomarkers of quartz-induced lung injury using a lung alveolar cell model. We exposed the human alveolar A549 cell line to 0, 200, and 500 μg/mL quartz particles for 24 h and used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure the volatile metabolites in the headspace air of cells. We identified ten volatile metabolites that had concentration-response relationships with particles exposure, including 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl- (CAS: 28825-12-9), 2,6-dimethyl-6-trifluoroacetoxyoctane (CAS: 61986-67-2), 3-buten-1-amine, N,N-dimethyl- (CAS: 55831-89-5), 2-propanol, 2-methyl- (CAS: 75-65-0), glycolaldehyde dimethyl acetal (CAS: 30934-97-5), propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, ethyl ester (CAS: 617-35-6), octane (CAS: 111-65-9), octane, 3,3-dimethyl- (CAS: 4110-44-5), heptane, 2,3-dimethyl- (CAS: 3074-71-3) and ethanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester (CAS: 18294-04-7). The volatile biomarkers are generated through the pathways of propanoate and nitrogen metabolism. The volatile biomarkers of the alkanes and methylated alkanes are related to oxidative and lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane. The lung alveolar cell model has the potential to explore the volatile biomarkers of particulate-induced lung injury.
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23
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Arı A, Arı PE, Gaga EO. Chemical characterization of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) by inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Talanta 2020; 208:120350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Onat B, Çalışkan NS, Şahin ÜA, Uzun B. Assessment of the health risk related to exposure to ultrafine, fine, and total particulates and metals in a metal finishing plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4058-4066. [PMID: 31823257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The materials and byproducts of the processes used in the metal finishing industry are released as particle contaminants into the air in the workplace. The present study aimed to determine the concentrations and size distributions of these particles and of elements chromium, nickel, copper, manganese, cobalt, and lead (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Co, and Pb, respectively) in a metal finishing industry and evaluate their potential health risks. Particles that are airborne from the dipping baths in the plant were sampled using a Sioutas cascade impactor at five different size fractions (PM>2.5, PM1.0-2.5, PM0.5-1.0, PM0.25-0.5, PM<0.25) and gravimetric analyses were conducted on the sampled filters. The GF-AAS 600 graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to analyze the elements and the method of USEPA was used to assess the health risk. The ratio of fine particles (PM2.5) to total suspended particles (TSPs) was 0.6. We observed that 50% of TSPs were composed of PM1.0 and that 68-88% of the metals were found in the fine particle fractions. Pb, Cr, and Mn were significantly positively correlated in the PM1.0 fraction, and the highest linear relationship was found between Pb and Cr (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). The total hazard quotient (HQ) for PM2.5 was 1.43, which is higher than the acceptable limit of 1.0. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) in PM2.5 was 6.09 × 10-5 for female workers and 6.54 × 10-5 for male workers, which are higher than the acceptable limit of 1.0 × 10-6, while total ELCRs for female and male workers were 6.21 × 10-5 and 6.21 × 10-5, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk associated with Cr(VI) in Cr electroplating plants should be taken into consideration as a significant health risk for the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Onat
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey.
| | - Nevran Sultan Çalışkan
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Alver Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey
| | - Burcu Uzun
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey
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25
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Zhao CN, Mei YJ, Wu GC, Mao YM, Wu Q, Dan YL, Pan HF. Effect of air pollution on hospital admissions for systemic lupus erythematosus in Bengbu, China: a time series study. Lupus 2019; 28:1541-1548. [PMID: 31615325 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319882503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, exposure to air pollutants has been associated with the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The current study aims to evaluate the effects of air pollutants on SLE hospital admissions in Bengbu, China. We performed distributed lag non-linear model combined with quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression to assess the impacts of air pollutants on SLE admissions from 2015 to 2017. Subgroup analyses by admission status (first admission or readmission) were also evaluated. A total of 546 hospital admissions during 2015-2017 were included. For single-day lag structures, the risk effects occurred from lag 2 to lag 9 for the 75th percentile particulate matter (PM)2.5, lag 3 to lag 9 for the 80th percentile PM2.5. For cumulative lag structures, the risk effects occurred from lag 0-5 to lag 0-14 for both 75th PM2.5 and 80th PM2.5, and no significant effect was observed for 90th PM2.5. In addition, the adverse effects on SLE first admissions occurred from lag 0 to lag 1 for NO2, lag 1 to lag 2 for SO2. The maximum effect of PM2.5 on SLE was 4.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.34-13.59) at lag 0-13 day, the minimum effect value was 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.23) at lag 9 day. These findings demonstrate that high PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 are associated with SLE hospital admissions. In addition, this study further revealed that exposure to high concentration of PM2.5 increased the risk of SLE relapse, while high levels of NO2 and SO2 increased the risk of SLE first admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-N Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Y-J Mei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - G-C Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-M Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Y-L Dan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - H-F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
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26
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Liu J, Liang S, Du Z, Zhang J, Sun B, Zhao T, Yang X, Shi Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5 aggravates the lipid accumulation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in macrophage foam cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:482-490. [PMID: 30928520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showed that the particulate matter exposure is associated with atherosclerotic plaque progression, which may be related to foam cell formation, but the mechanism is still unknown. The study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects and possible mechanism of PM2.5 on the formation of macrophage foam cells induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Results showed that PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the cell viability and increasing the LDH level in macrophage foam cells. PM2.5 aggravated the lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 within markedly increasing level of intracellular lipid by Oil red O staining. The level of ROS increased obivously after co-exposure to PM2.5 and ox-LDL than single exposure group. In addition, serious mitochondrial damage such as the mitochondrial swelling, cristae rupturing and disappearance were observed in macrophage foam cells. The loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) further exacerbated the mitochondrial damage in PM2.5-induced macrophage foam cells. The apoptotic rate increased more severely via up-regulated protein level of Bax, Cyt C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and down-regulated that of Bcl-2, indicating that PM2.5 activated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. In summary, our results demonstrated that PM2.5 aggravated the lipid accumulation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in macrophage foam cells, suggesting that PM2.5 was a risk factor of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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Jin L, Ni J, Tao Y, Weng X, Zhu Y, Yan J, Hu B. N-acetylcysteine attenuates PM 2.5-induced apoptosis by ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway in human embryonic stem cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:713-720. [PMID: 30818202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on embryonic toxicity are widely accepted, its exact mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, which partially attribute to lack of ideal research model. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the capacity to differentiate into all cell types of three germ layers. Thus, they are ideal resources for the reproductive toxicity assessment in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the oxidative stress and apoptosis of human ESCs (hESCs) and its possible mechanism. Our results showed that strong cytotoxicity high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and fragmentation of nuclei were observed in the PM2.5-treated hESCs. Meanwhile, up-regulation of apoptosis as well as down-regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway were also observed after PM2.5 treatment. However, we did not detect significant expression change or phosphorylation of Akt and Erk in PM2.5-treated hESCs. Interestingly, scavenging of PM2.5-induced ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could block cell apoptosis and rescue the activity of Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PM2.5 is toxic to hESCs by inhibition of ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway activity. Our findings suggest activation of Nrf2 pathway will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Xinyi Weng
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Junyan Yan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China.
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, PR China.
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