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Kim PR, Park SW, Han YJ, Lee MH, Holsen TM, Jeong CH, Evans G. Variations of oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in a medium-sized residential city in South Korea measured using three different chemical assays. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171053. [PMID: 38378060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although it is evident that PM2.5 has serious adverse health effects, there is no consensus on what the biologically effective dose is. In this study, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OPm) and the extrinsic oxidative potential (OPv) of PM2.5 were measured using three chemical assays including dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), along with chemical compositions of PM2.5 in South Korea. Among the three chemical assays, only OPmAA showed a statistically significant correlation with PM2.5 while OPmGSH and OPmDTT were not correlated with PM2.5 mass concentration. When the samples were categorized by PM2.5 mass concentrations, the variations in the proportion of Ni, As, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Se to PM2.5 mass closely coincided with changes in OPm across all three assays, suggesting a potential association between these elements and PM2.5 OP. Multiple linear regression analysis identified the significant PM components affecting the variability in extrinsic OPv. OPvAA was determined to be significantly influenced by EC, K+, and Ba while OC and Al were common significant factors for OPvGSH and OPvDTT. It was also found that primary OC was an important variable for OPvDTT while secondary OC significantly affected the variability of OPvGSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Rae Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ji Han
- Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myong-Hwa Lee
- Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
| | - Cheol-Heon Jeong
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Greg Evans
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Boudjema J, Lima B, Grare C, Alleman LY, Rousset D, Perdrix E, Achour D, Anthérieu S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Leroyer A, Nisse C, Lo Guidice JM, Garçon G. Metal enriched quasi-ultrafine particles from stainless steel gas metal arc welding induced genetic and epigenetic alterations in BEAS-2B cells. NanoImpact 2021; 23:100346. [PMID: 35559847 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has supported welding fume (WF)-derived ultrafine particles (UFP) could be the driving force of their adverse health effects. However, UFP have not yet been extensively studied and are currently not included in present air quality standards/guidelines. Here, attention was focused on the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which the quasi-UFP (Q-UFP, i.e., ≤ 0.25 μm) of the WF emitted by gas metal arc welding-stainless steel (GMAW-SS) exert their toxicity in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The Q-UFP under study showed a monomodal size distribution in number centered on 104.4 ± 52.3 nm and a zeta potential of -13.8 ± 0.3 mV. They were enriched in Fe > Cr > Mn > Si, and displayed a relatively high intrinsic oxidative potential. Dose-dependent activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, glutathione alteration, and DNA, protein and lipid oxidative damage were reported in BEAS-2B cells acutely (1.5 and 9 μg/cm2, 24 h) or repeatedly (0.25 and 1.5 μg/cm2, 3 × 24 h) exposed to Q-UFP (p < 0.05). Alterations of the Histone H3 acetylation were reported for any exposure (p < 0.05). Differentially regulated miRNA and mRNA indicated the activation of some critical cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell cycle deregulation towards apoptosis. Taken together, these results highlighted the urgent need to better evaluate the respective toxicity of the different metals and to include the Q-UFP fraction of WF in current air quality standards/guidelines relevant to the occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boudjema
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France; Action Santé Travail, Aix-Noulette, France
| | - B Lima
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Grare
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - L Y Alleman
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Rousset
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Department of Pollutant Metrology, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - E Perdrix
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Achour
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Anthérieu
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Platel
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - F Nesslany
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Leroyer
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Nisse
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - J-M Lo Guidice
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Garçon
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France.
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