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Bennett C, Russel W, Upton R, Frey F, Taye B. Social and ecological determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e119. [PMID: 39257424 PMCID: PMC11384158 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health problems for humans, animals, and the environment. Although the association between various factors and AMR is being increasingly researched, the need to understand the contribution of social and ecological determinants, especially in developing nations, remains. This review fills these knowledge gaps by synthesizing existing evidence on the social and ecological determinants of AMR in Africa. Results Twenty-four studies were selected based on predefined criteria from PubMed. 58.33% (n = 14) and 29.17% (n = 7) of the studies reported on ecological and social determinants of AMR, respectively, and 3 (12.5%) studies documented both social and environmental determinants of AMR. Sociodemographic factors include increased household size, poor knowledge, attitudes toward AMR, low educational levels, and rural residences. Indicators of poor water sanitation and hygiene, framing practices, and consumption of farm products were among the common ecological determinants of AMR and AM misuse in Africa. Conclusion Our review demonstrates the importance of social and ecological determinants of AMR among African populations. The findings may be valuable to researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and those working in lower-income countries to implement AMR prevention programs utilizing a holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bennett
- Department of Neuroscience, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Global Public Environmental Health, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Will Russel
- Global Public Environmental Health, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Upton
- Global Public Environmental Health, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Frank Frey
- Global Public Environmental Health, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Bineyam Taye
- Global Public Environmental Health, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
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2
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Geissler M, Schröttner P, Oertel R, Dumke R. Enterococci, Van Gene-Carrying Enterococci, and Vancomycin Concentrations in the Influent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Southeast Germany. Microorganisms 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 38257976 PMCID: PMC10819932 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant (VR) Enterococcus spp. can be detected in high concentrations in wastewaters and pose a risk to public health. During a one-year study (September 2022-August 2023), 24 h composite raw wastewater samples (n = 192) of a municipal wastewater treatment plant were investigated for cultivable enterococci. After growth on Slanetz-Bartley agar (SBA), a mean concentration of 29,736 ± 9919 cfu/mL was calculated. Using MALDI-TOF MS to characterize randomly picked colonies (n = 576), the most common species were found to be Enterococcus faecium (72.6%), E. hirae (13.7%), and E. faecalis (8.0%). Parallel incubation of wastewater samples on SBA and VRESelect agar resulted in a mean rate of VR enterococci of 2.0 ± 1.5%. All the tested strains grown on the VRESelect agar (n = 172) were E. faecium and carried the vanA (54.6%) or vanB gene (45.4%) with limited sequence differences. In susceptibility experiments, these isolates showed a high-level resistance to vancomycin (>256 µg/mL). Concentration of vancomycin was determined in 93.7% of 112 wastewater samples (mean: 123.1 ± 64.0 ng/L) and varied between below 100 ng/L (the detection limit) and 246.6 ng/L. A correlation between the concentration of vancomycin and the rate of VR strains among the total enterococci could not be found. The combination of incubation of samples on SBA and a commercial vancomycin-containing agar applied in clinical microbiology with a multiplex PCR for detection of van genes is an easy-to-use tool to quantify and characterize VR Enterococcus spp. in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Geissler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.)
| | - Percy Schröttner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.)
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roger Dumke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.)
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3
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Liu Y, Smith W, Gebrewold M, Wang X, Simpson SL, Bivins A, Ahmed W. Comparison of concentration and extraction workflows for qPCR quantification of intI1 and vanA in untreated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166442. [PMID: 37604373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) measurement of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in untreated municipal wastewater may prove useful in combating the antimicrobial resistance crisis. However, harmonizing and optimizing qPCR-based workflows is essential to facilitate comparisons across studies, and includes achieving highly-effective ARG capture through efficient concentration and extraction procedures. In the current study, combinations of sample volume, membrane types and DNA extraction kits within filtration and centrifugation-based workflows were used to quantify 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) and an ARG encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanA) in untreated wastewater sampled from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Highly abundant 16S rRNA and intI1 were detected in 100 % of samples from all three WWTPs using both 2 and 20 mL sample volumes, while lower prevalence vanA was only detected when using the 20 mL volume. When filtering 2 mL of wastewater, workflows with 0.20-/0.40-μm polycarbonate (PC) membranes generally yielded greater concentrations of the three targets than workflows with 0.22-/0.45-μm mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes. The improved performance was diminished when the sample volume was increased to 20 mL. Consistently greater concentrations of 16S rRNA, intI1 and vanA were yielded by filtration-based workflows using PC membranes combined with a DNeasy PowerWater (DPW) Kit, regardless of the sample volume used, and centrifugation-based workflows with DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit for 2-mL wastewater extractions. Within the filtration-based workflows, the DPW kit yielded more detection and quantifiable results for less abundant vanA than the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit and FastDNA™ SPIN Kit for Soil. These findings indicate that the performance of qPCR-based workflows for surveillance of ARGs in wastewater varies across targets, sample volumes, concentration methods and extraction kits. Workflows must be carefully considered and validated considering the target ARGs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Wendy Smith
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Metasebia Gebrewold
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Xinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
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4
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Denissen J, Reyneke B, Barnard T, Khan S, Khan W. Risk assessment of Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in environmental water sources: Development of surrogate models for antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166217. [PMID: 37604372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and the aminoglycoside resistance genes, aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-aph(2″), was investigated in environmental water sources obtained from informal settlements in the Western Cape (South Africa). Using ethidium monoazide bromide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (EMA-qPCR) analysis, E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa were detected in 88.9 %, 100 %, and 93.3 % of the samples (n = 45), respectively, with a significantly higher mean concentration recorded for K. pneumoniae (7.83 × 104 cells/100 mL) over the sampling period. The aac(6')-Ib gene was detected in 95.6 % (43/45) of the environmental water samples [mean concentration of 7.07 × 106 gene copies (GC)/100 mL], while the aac(6')-aph(2″) gene was detected in 100 % (n = 45) of the samples [mean concentration of 6.68 × 105 GC/100 mL]. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) subsequently indicated that the risks posed by K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were linked to intentional drinking, washing/bathing, cleaning of the home, and swimming, in the samples collected from the various sampling sites. Surrogate risk assessment models were then designed and applied for Gram-positive [aac(6')-aph(2″) gene] and Gram-negative [aac(6')-Ib gene] pathogens that may exhibit aminoglycoside resistance. The results indicated that only the Gram-negative pathogens posed a risk (>10-4) in all the samples for cleaning of the home and intentional drinking, as well as for washing laundry by hand, garden hosing, garden work, washing/bathing, accidental consumption, and swimming at the stream and marsh sites. Thus, while environmental waters may pose a health risk of exposure to pathogenic bacteria, the results obtained indicate that screening for antibiotic resistant genes, associated with multiple genera/species, could serve as a surrogate model for estimating risks with the target group under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Tobias Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein 7305, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein 7305, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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El Zowalaty ME, Lamichhane B, Falgenhauer L, Mowlaboccus S, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18609. [PMID: 37903806 PMCID: PMC10616195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant, livestock-associated Enterococcus faecalis represents a public health concern. Here, we report the isolation, molecular detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, in addition to the phylogenetic analyses of 20 Enterococcus species using whole genome sequencing analysis of 15 Enterococcus faecalis strains including six strains of three novel sequence types, three Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus durans. All strains were isolated from food chain animals in South Africa. Enterococcus strains were isolated on bile aesculin azide agar, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted and sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were trimmed and de novo assembled. The assembled contigs were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes and chromosomal mutations, extra-chromosomal plasmids, and multi-locus sequence type (MLST). Multidrug antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, and spw), lincosamides (lnu(B), lsa(A), and lsa(E)), macrolides (erm(B)), trimethoprim (dfrG) and tetracyclines (tet(L) and tet(M)) were identified. Plasmid replicons were detected in seven E. faecalis and three E. faecium isolates. The sequence type (ST) of each isolate was determined using the Enterococcus PubMLST database. Ten STs were identified in the collection, three of which (ST1240, ST1241, and ST1242) have not been previously reported and are described in the present study for the first time. To compare the sequenced strains to other previously sequenced E. faecalis strains, assembled sequences of E. faecalis from livestock were downloaded from the PubMLST database. Core genome-based phylogenetic analysis was performed using ParSNP. The detection of multiple drug-resistance in Enterococcus including E. faecalis and E. faecium highlights the significance of genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals. In addition, the genome sequences of Enterococcus strains reported in the present study will serve as a reference point for future molecular epidemiological studies of livestock-associated and antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis in Africa. In addition, this study enables the in-depth analysis of E. faecalis genomic structure, as well as provides valuable information on the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenesis of livestock-associated E. faecalis and E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, 41012, UAE.
| | - Bibek Lamichhane
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Shakeel Mowlaboccus
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen Forsythe
- Foodmicrobe.com Ltd., Adams Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GY, UK
| | - Yosra A Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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6
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Farias BO, Montenegro KS, Nascimento APA, Magaldi M, Gonçalves-Brito AS, Flores C, Moreira TC, Neves FPG, Bianco K, Clementino MM. First Report of a Wastewater Treatment-Adapted Enterococcus faecalis ST21 Harboring vanA Gene in Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:313. [PMID: 37542533 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen due to its increasing resistance to antimicrobials, mainly to vancomycin, which leads substantial cases of therapeutic failures. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), in turn, are considered hotpots in the spread of antimicrobial resistance according to One Health perspective. In this study, we present the first report of a vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis strain recovered from treated effluent in Brazil. For this purpose, the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out aiming to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and its phylogenetic relationships amongst strains from other sources and countries. According to Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis this strain belongs to ST21. The WGS pointed the presence of vanA operon, multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, and a significant pathogenic potential for humans. The phylogenomic analysis of E. faecalis 6805 was performed with ST21 representatives from the PubMLST database, including the E. faecalis IE81 strain from clinical sample in Brazil, which had its genome sequenced in this study. Our results demonstrated a strain showing resistance to vancomycin in treated effluent. To the best of our knowledge, this is an unprecedented report of vanA-carrying E. faecalis ST21. Furthermore, it is the first description of a vanA-harboring strain of this species from environmental sample in Brazil. Our data highlight the role of WWTP in the spread of AMR, since these environments are favorable for the selection of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the treated effluents, carrying antibiotic resistance genes, are directed to receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz O Farias
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Kaylanne S Montenegro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Nascimento
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magaldi
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Gonçalves-Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Claudia Flores
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais C Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe P G Neves
- Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Alameda Barros Terra, S/N. São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Kayo Bianco
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil.
- COVID-19 Monitoring Network in Wastewater, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maysa M Clementino
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
- COVID-19 Monitoring Network in Wastewater, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Marutescu LG, Popa M, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Barbu IC, Rodríguez-Molina D, Berglund F, Blaak H, Flach CF, Kemper MA, Spießberger B, Wengenroth L, Larsson DGJ, Nowak D, Radon K, de Roda Husman AM, Wieser A, Schmitt H, Pircalabioru Gradisteanu G, Vrancianu CO, Chifiriuc MC. Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193907. [PMID: 37293232 PMCID: PMC10244645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are an essential tool of modern medicine, contributing to significantly decreasing mortality and morbidity rates from infectious diseases. However, persistent misuse of these drugs has accelerated the evolution of antibiotic resistance, negatively impacting clinical practice. The environment contributes to both the evolution and transmission of resistance. From all anthropically polluted aquatic environments, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are probably the main reservoirs of resistant pathogens. They should be regarded as critical control points for preventing or reducing the release of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) into the natural environment. This review focuses on the fate of the pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. (ESCAPE) in WWTPs. All ESCAPE pathogen species, including high-risk clones and resistance determinants to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, colistin, and multi-drug resistance platforms, were detected in wastewater. The whole genome sequencing studies demonstrate the clonal relationships and dissemination of Gram-negative ESCAPE species into the wastewater via hospital effluents and the enrichment of virulence and resistance determinants of S. aureus and enterococci in WWTPs. Therefore, the efficiency of different wastewater treatment processes regarding the removal of clinically relevant ARB species and ARGs, as well as the influence of water quality factors on their performance, should be explored and monitored, along with the development of more effective treatments and appropriate indicators (ESCAPE bacteria and/or ARGs). This knowledge will allow the development of quality standards for point sources and effluents to consolidate the WWTP barrier role against the environmental and public health AR threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daloha Rodríguez-Molina
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Berglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merel Aurora Kemper
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Beate Spießberger
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wengenroth
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gratiela Pircalabioru Gradisteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Abia ALK, Baloyi T, Traore AN, Potgieter N. The African Wastewater Resistome: Identifying Knowledge Gaps to Inform Future Research Directions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:805. [PMID: 37237708 PMCID: PMC10215879 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat. Furthermore, wastewater is increasingly recognized as a significant environmental reservoir for AMR. Wastewater is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, including antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, discharged from hospitals, pharmaceutical industries, and households. Therefore, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical components of urban infrastructure that play a vital role in protecting public health and the environment. However, they can also be a source of AMR. WWTPs serve as a point of convergence for antibiotics and resistant bacteria from various sources, creating an environment that favours the selection and spread of AMR. The effluent from WWTPs can also contaminate surface freshwater and groundwater resources, which can subsequently spread resistant bacteria to the wider environment. In Africa, the prevalence of AMR in wastewater is of particular concern due to the inadequate sanitation and wastewater treatment facilities, coupled with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture. Therefore, the present review evaluated studies that reported on wastewater in Africa between 2012 and 2022 to identify knowledge gaps and propose future perspectives, informing the use of wastewater-based epidemiology as a proxy for determining the resistome circulating within the continent. The study found that although wastewater resistome studies have increased over time in Africa, this is not the case in every country, with most studies conducted in South Africa. Furthermore, the study identified, among others, methodology and reporting gaps, driven by a lack of skills. Finally, the review suggests solutions including standardisation of protocols in wastewater resistome works and an urgent need to build genomic skills within the continent to handle the big data generated from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akebe Luther King Abia
- One Health Research Group, Biochemistry & Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (T.B.); (A.N.T.)
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Themba Baloyi
- One Health Research Group, Biochemistry & Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (T.B.); (A.N.T.)
| | - Afsatou N. Traore
- One Health Research Group, Biochemistry & Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (T.B.); (A.N.T.)
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- One Health Research Group, Biochemistry & Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (T.B.); (A.N.T.)
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9
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Chen D, Samwini AMN, Manirakiza B, Addo FG, Numafo-Brempong L, Baah WA. Effect of erythromycin on epiphytic bacterial communities and water quality in wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159008. [PMID: 36162586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics such as erythromycin (ERY) under macrolide group, has long been acknowledged for negatively affecting ecosystems in freshwater environments. However, the effects of ERY on water quality and microbial communities in epiphytic biofilms are poorly understood. Here, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-throughput sequencing, and physicochemical analytical methods were employed to unravel the impact of ERY on the water quality and bacterial morphology, biodiversity, composition, interaction, and ecological function in epiphytic biofilms attached to Vallisneria natans and artificial plants in mesocosmic wetlands. The study showed that ERY exposure significantly impaired the nutrient removal capacity (TN, TP, and COD) and altered the epiphytic bacterial morphology of V. natans and artificial plants. ERY did not affect the bacterial α-diversity. Notwithstanding ERY decreased the bacterial composition, but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria spiked by 62.2 % and 54 %, respectively, in V. natans, while Desulfobacteria and Chloroflexi increased by 8.9 % and 11.2 %, respectively, in artificial plants. Notably, ERY disturbed the food web structure and metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction. This study revealed that ERY exposure disrupted the bacterial morphology, composition, interaction or food web structure, and metabolic functions in epiphytic biofilm. These data underlined that ERY negatively impacts epiphytic bacterial communities and nutrient removal in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Abigail Mwin-Nea Samwini
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Benjamin Manirakiza
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; University of Rwanda (UR), College of Science and Technology (CST), Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Felix Gyawu Addo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lydia Numafo-Brempong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wambley Adomako Baah
- College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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10
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Nava AR, Daneshian L, Sarma H. Antibiotic resistant genes in the environment-exploring surveillance methods and sustainable remediation strategies of antibiotics and ARGs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114212. [PMID: 36037921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) are an emerging environmental health threat due to the potential change in the human microbiome and selection for the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria has caused a global health burden. The WHO (world health organization) predicts a rise in deaths due to antibiotic resistant infections. Since bacteria can acquire ARGs through horizontal transmission, it is important to assess the dissemination of antibioticresistant genes from anthropogenic sources. There are several sources of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. These include wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate, agricultural, animal industrial sources and estuaries. The use of antibiotics is a worldwide practice that has resulted in the evolution of resistance to antibiotics. Our review provides a more comprehensive look into multiple sources of ARG's and antibiotics rather than one. Moreover, we focus on effective surveillance methods of ARGs and antibiotics and sustainable abiotic and biotic remediation strategies for removal and reduction of antibiotics and ARGs from both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Further, we consider the impact on public health as this problem cannot be addressed without a global transdisciplinary effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Nava
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India.
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11
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Zhang ZH, Xu JY, Li T, Gao SR, Yang XL. Bio-electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by stainless-steel mesh based molybdenum carbide electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80520-80531. [PMID: 35723823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat antibiotic wastewater with high efficiency and low energy consumption, this study proposed the coupling of electrocatalytic degradation and biodegradation, and explored a new modified electrocatalytic material in the coupling system. The stainless-steel mesh based molybdenum carbide (SS-Mo2C) was prepared by a low-cost impregnation method and showed superior electrocatalytic degradation ability for tetracycline (TC) when used as the anode in the electrocatalytic system. The degradation rate of TC with SS-Mo2C anode was 17 times higher than that of stainless-steel (SS) anode, and TC removal efficiency was 77% higher than that of SS anode. The electrocatalytic system prior to the biological reactor was proven to be the optimal coupling method. The external coupling system achieved a significantly higher TC removal (87.0%) than that of the internal coupling system (65.3%) and SS-Mo2C showed an excellent repeatable and stable performance. The fewer and smaller molecular weight intermediates products were observed in bio-electrocatalytic system, especially in the external coupling system. Alpha diversity analysis further confirmed that bio-electrocatalytic system increased the diversity of the microbial community. The stainless-steel mesh based molybdenum carbide (SS-Mo2C), which was prepared by a simple and low-cost impregnation method, significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity of anode, thus contributing to tetracycline removal in the bio-electrocatalytic system, especially in the external coupling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ru Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dong Nan Da Xue Road 2, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ogunlaja A, Ogunlaja OO, Olukanni OD, Taylor GO, Olorunnisola CG, Dougnon VT, Mousse W, Fatta-Kassinos D, Msagati TAM, Unuabonah EI. Antibiotic resistomes and their chemical residues in aquatic environments in Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:119783. [PMID: 35863703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is a hotspot for the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans and animals. Several reviews have put together research efforts on the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic chemical residue (ACRs) in food, hospital wastewater, and even in other aquatic environments. However, these reports are largely focused on data from developed countries, while data from developing countries and especially those in Africa, are only marginally discussed. This review is the first effort that distills information on the presence and distribution of ARGs and ACRs in the African aquatic environments (2012-2021). This review provides critical information on efforts put into the study of ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in aquatic environments in Africa through the lens of the different sub-regions in the continent. The picture provided is compared with those from some other continents in the world. It turns out that the large economies in Africa (South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Kenya) all have a few reports of ARB and ARGs in their aquatic environment while smaller economies in the continent could barely provide reports of these in their aquatic environment (in most cases no report was found) even though they have some reports on resistomes from clinical studies. Interestingly, the frequency of these reports of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environments in Africa suggests that the continent is ahead of the South American continent but behind Europe and Asia in relation to providing information on these contaminants. Common ARGs found in African aquatic environment encode resistance to sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam, and macrolide classes of antibiotics. The efforts and studies from African scientists in eliminating ARB and ARGs from the aquatic environment in Africa are also highlighted. Overall, this document is a ready source of credible information for scientists, policy makers, governments, and regional bodies on ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in aquatic environments in Africa. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will inspire some necessary responses from all stakeholders in the water quality sector in Africa to put in more effort into providing more scientific evidence of the presence of ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in their aquatic environment and seek more efficient ways to handle them to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance among the population in the continent. This will in turn, put the continent on the right path to meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #3 and #6, which at the moment, appears to be largely missed by most countries in the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Gloria O Taylor
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma G Olorunnisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Victorien T Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Wassiyath Mousse
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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13
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Hu J, Zhao GQ, Wu LX, Sun C, Long X, Long XQ, Jiao FP. Designing and Fabricating a Vulcanized ZnAl LDH-Modified g-C 3N 4 Heterojunction for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation Activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-qing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-xu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-qi Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-peng Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Farkas A, Coman C, Szekeres E, Teban-Man A, Carpa R, Butiuc-Keul A. Molecular Typing Reveals Environmental Dispersion of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci under Anthropogenic Pressure. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091213. [PMID: 36139992 PMCID: PMC9494986 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of global demographic challenges, both the artificial and the natural environment are increasingly impacted by contaminants of emerging concern, such as bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which anthropogenic contamination contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistant enterococci in aquatic compartments and to explore genetic relationships among Enterococcus strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ampicillin, imipenem, norfloxacin, gentamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) of 574 isolates showed different rates of phenotypic resistance in bacteria from wastewaters (91.9–94.4%), hospital effluents (73.9%), surface waters (8.2–55.3%) and groundwater (35.1–59.1%). The level of multidrug resistance reached 44.6% in enterococci from hospital effluents. In all samples, except for hospital sewage, the predominant species were E. faecium and E. faecalis. In addition, E. avium, E. durans, E. gallinarum, E. aquimarinus and E. casseliflavus were identified. Enterococcus faecium strains carried the greatest variety of ARGs (blaTEM-1, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″), aac(6′)-Im, vanA, vanB, ermB, mefA, tetB, tetC, tetL, tetM, sul1), while E. avium displayed the highest ARG frequency. Molecular typing using the ERIC2 primer revealed substantial genetic heterogeneity, but also clusters of enterococci from different aquatic compartments. Enterococcal migration under anthropogenic pressure leads to the dispersion of clinically relevant strains into the natural environment and water resources. In conclusion, ERIC-PCR fingerprinting in conjunction with ARG profiling is a useful tool for the molecular typing of clinical and environmental Enterococcus species. These results underline the need of safeguarding water quality as a strategy to limit the expansion and progression of the impending antibiotic-resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Farkas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristian Coman
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS), Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Edina Szekeres
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS), Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Teban-Man
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS), Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Butiuc-Keul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Liguori K, Keenum I, Davis BC, Calarco J, Milligan E, Harwood VJ, Pruden A. Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring of Water Environments: A Framework for Standardized Methods and Quality Control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9149-9160. [PMID: 35732277 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2021.2024739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a grand societal challenge with important dimensions in the water environment that contribute to its evolution and spread. Environmental monitoring could provide vital information for mitigating the spread of AMR; this includes assessing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) circulating among human populations, identifying key hotspots for evolution and dissemination of resistance, informing epidemiological and human health risk assessment models, and quantifying removal efficiencies by domestic wastewater infrastructure. However, standardized methods for monitoring AMR in the water environment will be vital to producing the comparable data sets needed to address such questions. Here we sought to establish scientific consensus on a framework for such standardization, evaluating the state of the science and practice of AMR monitoring of wastewater, recycled water, and surface water, through a literature review, survey, and workshop leveraging the expertise of academic, governmental, consulting, and water utility professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Liguori
- The Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ishi Keenum
- The Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Benjamin C Davis
- The Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Jeanette Calarco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Erin Milligan
- The Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- The Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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16
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Liguori K, Keenum I, Davis BC, Calarco J, Milligan E, Harwood VJ, Pruden A. Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring of Water Environments: A Framework for Standardized Methods and Quality Control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9149-9160. [PMID: 35732277 PMCID: PMC9261269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a grand societal challenge with important dimensions in the water environment that contribute to its evolution and spread. Environmental monitoring could provide vital information for mitigating the spread of AMR; this includes assessing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) circulating among human populations, identifying key hotspots for evolution and dissemination of resistance, informing epidemiological and human health risk assessment models, and quantifying removal efficiencies by domestic wastewater infrastructure. However, standardized methods for monitoring AMR in the water environment will be vital to producing the comparable data sets needed to address such questions. Here we sought to establish scientific consensus on a framework for such standardization, evaluating the state of the science and practice of AMR monitoring of wastewater, recycled water, and surface water, through a literature review, survey, and workshop leveraging the expertise of academic, governmental, consulting, and water utility professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Liguori
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ishi Keenum
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Davis
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Jeanette Calarco
- Department
of Integrative Biology, University of South
Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Erin Milligan
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Valerie J. Harwood
- Department
of Integrative Biology, University of South
Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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17
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Zheng D, Yin G, Liu M, Hou L, Yang Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Chen C, Wu H. Metagenomics highlights the impact of climate and human activities on antibiotic resistance genes in China's estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119015. [PMID: 35183662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine environments faced with contaminations from coastal zones and the inland are vital sinks of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, little is known about the temporal-spatial pattern of ARGs and its predominant constraints in estuarine environments. Here, we leveraged metagenomics to investigate ARG profiles from 16 China's estuaries across 6 climate zones in dry and wet seasons, and disentangled their relationships with environmental constraints. Our results revealed that ARG abundance, richness, and diversity in dry season were higher than those in wet season, and ARG abundance exhibited an increasing trend with latitude. The prevalence of ARGs was significantly driven by human activities, mobile gene elements, microbial communities, antibiotic residuals, physicochemical properties, and climatic variables. Among which, climatic variables and human activities ranked the most important factors, contributing 44% and 36% of the total variance of observed ARGs, respectively. The most important climatic variable shaping ARGs is temperature, where increasing temperature is associated with decreased ARGs. Our results highlight that the prevalence of ARGs in estuarine environments would be co-driven by anthropogenic activities and climate, and suggest the dynamics of ARGs under future changing climate and socioeconomic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Han Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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18
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Wu Y, Ji H, Liu Q, Sun Z, Li P, Ding P, Guo M, Yi X, Xu W, Wang CC, Gao S, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen S. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of sulfanilamide enhanced by Mo doping of BiOBr nanoflowers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127563. [PMID: 34736201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Design of high-efficiency visible light photocatalysts is critical in the degradation of antibiotic pollutants in water, a key step towards environmental remediation. In the present study, Mo-doped BiOBr nanocomposites are prepared hydrothermally at different feed ratios, and display remarkable visible light photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of sulfanilamide, a common antibacterial drug. Among the series, the sample with 2% Mo dopants exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, with a performance 2.3 times better that of undoped BiOBr. This is attributed to Mo doping that narrows the band gap of BiOBr and enhances absorption in the visible region. Additional contributions arise from the unique materials morphology, where the highly exposed (102) crystal planes enrich the photocatalytic active sites, and facilitate the adsorption of sulfanilamide molecules and their eventual attack by free radicals. The reaction mechanism and pathways are then unraveled based on theoretical calculations of the Fukui index and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry measurements of the reaction intermediates and products. Results from this study indicate that deliberate structural engineering based on heteroatom doping and morphological control may serve as an effective strategy in the design of highly active photocatalysts towards antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wu
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Haodong Ji
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) and Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Sun
- Office of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Beijing People's Police College, Beijing 102202, PR China
| | - Peisheng Li
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) and Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Peiren Ding
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wenlu Xu
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Shuai Gao
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials & College of Elementary Education and Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) and Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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19
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Lai FY, Muziasari W, Virta M, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Profiles of environmental antibiotic resistomes in the urban aquatic recipients of Sweden using high-throughput quantitative PCR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117651. [PMID: 34426396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems presents an environmental health issue worldwide. Urban recipient water quality is susceptible to effluent discharges with antibiotic resistance contaminants and needs to be protected, particularly for those as sources of drinking water production. Knowledge on aquatic resistome profiles in downstream of wastewater treatment plants allows a better understanding of the extent to which antibiotic resistance contaminants emerge and spread in recipient waters, but such information remains very limited in Sweden. The key objective of this study was to determine the resistome profiles of numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and other genes in urban recipient water systems connected to Sweden's major drinking water reservoir. This was achieved through analysis of surface water samples for 296 genes using high-throughput quantitative PCR arrays. A total of 167 genes were detected in at least one of the samples, including 150 ARGs conferring resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics, 7 integrase MGEs and 9 other genes. There was a spatial difference in the resistome profiles with the greatest average relative abundance of resistance genes observed in the water body of Västerås followed by Uppsala, Stockholm and Eskilstuna, as similar to the general pattern of the antibiotic sales for these regions. ARGs against β-lactams and sulfonamides showed the highest average relative abundance in the studied water bodies, while vancomycin resistance genes were only found in the Uppsala water environment. Generally, the recipient water bodies were detected with higher numbers of genes and greater relative abundances as compared to the upstream sites. Anthropogenic pollution, i.e., wastewater discharge, in the recipient water was also reflected by the finding of intI, sul1 and crAssphage. Overall, this study provided the first quantitative assessment of aquatic environmental resistomes in Sweden, highlighting the widespread of antibiotic resistance contaminants in urban recipient waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Windi Muziasari
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Resistomap Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Zhuang M, Achmon Y, Cao Y, Liang X, Chen L, Wang H, Siame BA, Leung KY. Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117402. [PMID: 34051569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the microbiome is a major public health concern globally. Many habitats in the environment are under threat due to excessive use of antibiotics and evolutionary changes occurring in the resistome. ARB and ARGs from farms, cities and hospitals, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or as water runoffs, may accumulate in water, soil, and air. We present a global picture of the resistome by examining ARG-related papers retrieved from PubMed and published in the last 30 years (1990-2020). Natural Language Processing (NLP) was used to retrieve 496,640 papers, out of which 9374 passed the filtering test and were further analyzed to determine the distribution and diversity of ARG subtypes. The papers revealed seven major antibiotic families together with their respective ARG subtypes in different habitats on six continents. Asia, especially China, had the highest number of ARGs related papers compared to other countries/regions/continents. ARGs belonging to multidrug, glycopeptide, and β-lactam families were the most common in reports from hospitals and sulfonamide and tetracycline families were common in reports from farms, WWTPs, water and soil. We also highlight the 'omics' tools used in resistome research, describe some factors that shape the development of resistome, and suggest future work needed to better understand the resistome. The goal was to show the global nature of ARB and ARGs in order to encourage collaborate research efforts aimed at reducing the negative impacts of antibiotic resistance on the One Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhuang
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yigal Achmon
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuping Cao
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Bupe A Siame
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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21
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Dos Santos LDR, Furlan JPR, Gallo IFL, Ramos MS, Savazzi EA, Stehling EG. Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from environmental samples. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:237-246. [PMID: 33966285 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus species are present in the microbiota of humans and animals and have also been described in the environment. Among the species, Enterococcus faecium is one of the main pathogens associated with nosocomial infections worldwide. Enterococcus faecium isolates resistant to different classes of antimicrobials have been increasingly reported, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in environmental sources, which is worrying. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize E. faecium isolates obtained from soil and water samples regarding antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. A total 40 E. faecium isolates were recovered from 171 environmental samples. All isolates were classified as MDR, highlighting the resistance to the fluoroquinolones class, linezolid and vancomycin. Furthermore, high-level aminoglycoside resistance and high-level ciprofloxacin resistance were detected in some isolates. Several clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes were found, including vanC1, ermB, ermC, mefAE, tetM, tetL, ant(6')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Three virulence genes were detected among the MDR E. faecium isolates, such as esp, gelE and ace. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of MDR E. faecium isolates carrying antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in environmental sources and report for the first time in the world the presence of vanC1-producing E. faecium isolated from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P R Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I F L Gallo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Ramos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E A Savazzi
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - E G Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Pu Y, Pan J, Yao Y, Ngan WY, Yang Y, Li M, Habimana O. Ecotoxicological effects of erythromycin on a multispecies biofilm model, revealed by metagenomic and metabolomic approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116737. [PMID: 33618119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics such as erythromycin, even in trace amounts, has long been acknowledged for negatively impacting ecosystems in freshwater environments. Although many studies have focused on the impact of antibiotic pollution at a macroecological level, the impact of erythromycin on microecosystems, such as freshwater biofilms, is still not fully understood. This knowledge gap may be attributed to the lack of robust multispecies biofilm models for fundamental investigations. Here, we used a lab-cultured multispecies biofilm model to elucidate the holistic response of a microbial community to erythromycin exposure using metagenomic and metabolomic approaches. Metagenomic analyses revealed that biofilm microbial diversity did not alter following erythromycin exposure. Notably, certain predicted metabolic pathways such as cell-cell communication pathways, amino acid metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, mainly by the phyla Actinobacteria, Alpha/Beta-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia, were found to be involved in the maintenance of homeostasis-like balance in the freshwater biofilm. Further untargeted metabolomics data highlighted changes in lipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism and their related molecules as a direct consequence of erythromycin exposure. Overall, the study presented a unique picture of how multispecies biofilms respond to single environmental stress exposures. Moreover, the study demonstrated the feasibility of using lab simulated multispecies biofilms for investigating their interaction and reactivity of specific bioactive compounds or pollutants at a fundamental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Yui Ngan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Olivier Habimana
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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23
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A Novel Biofilm Model System to Visualise Conjugal Transfer of Vancomycin Resistance by Environmental Enterococci. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040789. [PMID: 33918930 PMCID: PMC8070047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci and biofilm-associated infections are a growing problem worldwide, given the rise in antibiotic resistance in environmental and clinical settings. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and its propagation potential within enterococcal biofilm is a concern. This requires a deeper understanding of how enterococcal biofilm develops, and how antibiotic resistance transfer takes place in these biofilms. Enterococcal biofilm assays, incorporating the study of antibiotic resistance transfer, require a system which can accommodate non-destructive, real-time experimentation. We adapted a Gene Frame® combined with fluorescence microscopy as a novel non-destructive platform to study the conjugal transfer of vancomycin resistance in an established enterococcal biofilm.A multi-purpose fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) probe, in a novel application, allowed the identification of low copy number mobile elements in the biofilm. Furthermore, a Hoechst stain and ENU 1470 FISH probe identified Enterococcus faecium transconjugants by excluding Enterococcus faecalis MF06036 donors. Biofilm created with a rifampicin resistant E. faecalis (MW01105Rif) recipient had a transfer efficiency of 2.01 × 10-3; double that of the biofilm primarily created by the donor (E. faecalis MF06036). Conjugation in the mixed enterococcal biofilm was triple the efficiency of donor biofilm. Double antibiotic treatment plus lysozyme combined with live/dead imaging provided fluorescent micrographs identifying de novo enterococcal vancomycin resistant transconjugants inside the biofilm. This is a model system for the further study of antibiotic resistance transfer events in enterococci. Biofilms promote the survival of enterococci and reduce the effectiveness of drug treatment in clinical settings, hence giving enterococci an advantage. Enterococci growing in biofilms exchange traits by means of horizontal gene transfer, but currently available models make study difficult. This work goes some way to providing a non-destructive, molecular imaging-based model system for the detection of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in enterococci.
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24
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Na G, Zhang W, Gao H, Wang C, Li R, Zhao F, Zhang K, Hou C. Occurrence and antibacterial resistance of culturable antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111829. [PMID: 33243441 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the occurrence of Antarctic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is essential for assessing the level of pollution and assessing the "baseline" or background level of ARB in human uninhabited environments. Animal feces, soil, and sediments were sampled from Fildes Peninsula. The abundance of sulfamethazine- and ciprofloxacin-resistance bacteria and antibotic resistance genes (ARGs) within ARB were investigated. The results showed Ciprofloxacin- and Sulfamethazine-resistant bacteria isolated from samples accounted for the highest abundances of 30 CFU/g and 79.8 CFU/g, respectively. The dominant genus of Sulfamethazine-and quinolone-resistance bacteria was Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter, respectively. 106 ARGs were detected from ARB. Strong positive correlations between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs were found, what is relatively novel observation that the mechanism is confirmed to also occur in the Antarctic. This study reveals the compositional characteristics of ARGs of strains in Antarctic, providing support for the source of Antarctic antibiotic resistance and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshui Na
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Wanli Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Hou
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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25
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Yang XX, Tian TT, Qiao W, Tian Z, Yang M, Zhang Y, Li JY. Prevalence and characterization of oxazolidinone and phenicol cross-resistance gene optrA in enterococci obtained from anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115540. [PMID: 32898731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of the phenicol antibiotic florfenicol in livestock can select for the optrA gene, which also confers resistance to the critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid. However, the occurrence and dissemination of florfenicol and linezolid cross-resistance genes in anaerobic treatment systems for livestock waste are unknown. Herein, the phenotypes and genotypes (optrA, fexA, fexB, and cfr) of florfenicol and linezolid cross-resistance were investigated in 339 enterococci strains isolated from lab- and full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digestion systems treating swine waste. It was found that optrA, fexA, and fexB were frequently detected in isolated enterococci in both systems by PCR screening, whereas cfr was not detected. The most abundant gene was optrA, which was detected in 73.5% (n = 50) and 38.9% (n = 23) of enterococci isolates in the full-scale influent and effluent, respectively. Most strains carried more than two resistance genes, and the average percentage of co-occurrence of optrA/fexA was 16.6%. Based on minimum inhibitory concentrations of the enterococci strain phenotypes, 85.7%, 77.5%, and 77.5% of strains in influent were resistant to chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and linezolid, respectively, while 56.3%, 65.2%, and 13% in the effluent isolates were found, respectively, which was consistent with the genotype results. The phenotypes and genotypes of florfenicol and linezolid resistance were relative stable in the enterococci isolated from the influent and effluent in lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. The findings signify the enterococci isolates harboring the optrA gene remained in effluents of both full- and lab-scale swine waste anaerobic digestion system; hence, effective management strategies should be implemented to prevent the discharge of antibiotic resistance from the livestock waste treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jiu-Yi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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26
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Hassoun-Kheir N, Stabholz Y, Kreft JU, de la Cruz R, Romalde JL, Nesme J, Sørensen SJ, Smets BF, Graham D, Paul M. Comparison of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes abundance in hospital and community wastewater: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140804. [PMID: 32758846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are constantly shed into the aquatic environment, with hospital wastewater potentially acting as an important source for resistance spread into the environment. A systematic review was conducted aiming to investigate the role of hospital wastewater on dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. Studies included in the review compared the prevalence of ARB and/or ARGs in hospital versus community wastewater. Data were extracted on ARB and/or ARG prevalence. Data on sampling techniques, microbiological methodology and risk of bias of included studies were recorded. Thirty-seven studies were included. Higher frequencies of antibiotic resistance determinants were found in hospital wastewater compared to community sources in 30/37 (81%) of included studies. However, trends for specific multi-drug-resistant bacteria differed. Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative were more prevalent in hospital compared to community wastewaters, with higher concentrations of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing pathogens and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital sources in 9/9 studies and 6/7 studies, respectively. Hospitals did not contribute consistently to the abundance of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE); 5/10 studies found higher abundance of VRE in hospital compared to community wastewaters. Reporting on sampling methods, wastewater treatment processes and statistical analysis were at high risk of bias. Extreme heterogeneity in study methods and outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis. Current evidence concurs that hospital wastewater is an important source for antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, mainly multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Future research is needed to assess the effect of wastewater treatment processes on overall antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Hassoun-Kheir
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Efron St 1, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Yoav Stabholz
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & Centre for Computational Biology & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roberto de la Cruz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & Centre for Computational Biology & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & Institute CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Efron St 1, Haifa 3109601, Israel
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27
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Molale-Tom LG, Bezuidenhout CC. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and virulence of Enterococcus spp. from wastewater treatment plant effluent and receiving waters in South Africa. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:753-765. [PMID: 33095198 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poorly operating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) result in faecal pollution of receiving waters, posing a health risk to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and presence of virulent genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from three WWTPs' final effluent and receiving waters in the North West Province, South Africa. Sixty-three Enterococcus spp. were identified and their antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as the presence of five virulence genes, determined. The antibiotic inhibition zone diameter data were subject to cluster analysis. Sixty-eight percent of the screened Enterococcus spp. were resistant to three or more antibiotics and harboured plasmids. Five virulence genes were detected and six multi-virulence profiles observed. Cluster analysis indicated groupings of isolates from all three effluent points downstream together, and between plants 1 and 2 together. The findings of this study have demonstrated that Enterococcus spp. harbouring virulence factors and plasmids that mediate multiple antibiotic resistance are present in effluent and receiving water systems that support various social needs. This is a cause for concern and it is recommended that Enterococcus be used as an additional faecal indicator when microbiological quality of water is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - C C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
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28
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Anthony ET, Ojemaye MO, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. A critical review on the occurrence of resistomes in the environment and their removal from wastewater using apposite treatment technologies: Limitations, successes and future improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:113791. [PMID: 32224385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports are pointing towards the potential increasing risks of resistomes in human host. With no permissible limit in sight, resistomes are continually multiplying at an alarming rate in the ecosystem, with a disturbing level in drinking water source. The morphology and chemical constituent of resistomes afford them to resist degradation, elude membrane and counter ionic charge, thereby, rendering both conventional and advanced water and wastewater treatment inefficient. Water and wastewater matrix may govern the propagation of individual resistomes sub-type, co-selection and specific interaction towards precise condition may have enhanced the current challenge. This review covers recent reports (2011-2019) on the occurrence of ARB/ARGs and ease of spread of resistance genes in the aquatic ecosystem. The contributions of water matrix to the spread and mitigation, treatment options, via bulk removal or capture, and intracellular and extracellular DNA lysis were discussed. A complete summary of recent occurrences of ARB/ARGs, fate after disinfection and optimum conditions of individual treatment technology or in tandem, including process limitations, with a brief assessment of removal or degradation mechanism were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tobechukwu Anthony
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
| | - Mike O Ojemaye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; AEMREG, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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29
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Osei Sekyere J, Mensah E. Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:29-58. [PMID: 31647583 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English-language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram-positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health-related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eric Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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30
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Du J, Xiao G, Xi Y, Zhu X, Su F, Kim SH. Periodate activation with manganese oxides for sulfanilamide degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115278. [PMID: 31731245 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel periodate oxidation system mediated by manganese oxides for the rapid removal of aqueous contaminants. The catalytic activation of periodate on manganese oxides was demonstrated as an efficient advanced oxidation system for degradation of sulfanilamide. The reactivity of manganese oxides with different Mn valence followed the order of MnO2>Mn3O4>Mn2O3, all of which showed extraordinary reusability during repeated activation of periodate. Sulfanilamide was rapidly degraded along with stoichiometric transformation of IO4- to IO3-, and both processes exhibited good linear correlations with the dosage of manganese oxides. While the degradation of sulfanilamide in the MnO2/IO4- system was accelerated at lower solution pH, it was only slightly affected by ionic strength, water anions and humic acid. In contrast to the homogeneous system of Mn2+/IO4-, sulfanilamide degradation was not influenced in oxic and anoxic environment. It was evidenced by quenching studies and EPR tests that both singlet oxygen (1O2) and iodate radicals (IO3•) were generated when the metastable Mn(IV)-O-IO3 interacted with sulfanilamide. The XPS spectra of Mn 2p and O 1s before and after reactions indicated that the catalytic activation of periodate on MnO2 was not in company with the redox cycling of Mn(IV) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Guangfeng Xiao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yanxing Xi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Fan Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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31
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Bolukaoto JY, Kock MM, Strydom KA, Mbelle NM, Ehlers MM. Molecular characteristics and genotypic diversity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates in Gauteng region, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:297-304. [PMID: 31351277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne and waterborne pathogens causing severe diseases and outbreaks worldwide. There is scarcity of EHEC O157:H7 data in South Africa. This study was carried out to determine the molecular characteristics and genotypic diversity of EHEC O157:H7 isolates in the Gauteng region, South Africa. Samples were cultured on selective chromogenic media. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was determined using the VITEK®-2 automated system. Isolates were characterised using multiplex PCR assays and the genetic diversity was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 520 samples of which 270 environmental water samples and 250 stool specimens were collected and analysed. Overall, EHEC O157:H7 was recovered from 2.3% (12/520) of samples collected. Environmental water samples and clinical stool specimens showed a prevalence of 4.07% (11/270) and 0.4% (1/250) respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility profile varied from isolates with full susceptibility to isolates with resistance to multiple antibiotics. Most resistance was detected to the penicillins, specifically ampicillin (7/12), amoxicillin (3/12) and piperacillin/Tazobactam (3/12) followed by one of the folate inhibitors, trimethoprim (3/12) and the carbapenems, imipenem and meropenem (2/12) each. Three isolates harboured a combination of Shiga-toxins (Stx)-2, intimin (eae) and enterohaemolysin (hlyA) genes, while two isolates harboured the Stx-1, Stx-2 and hlyA genes. The PFGE performed showed that EHEC O157:H7 isolates were genetically diverse, with two minor pulsotypes and eight singletons. The MLST analysis identified three sequence types (STs) (ST10, ST11 and ST1204) that have been previously reported associated with outbreaks. The STs identified in this study pose a potential public health risk to consumers of untreated environmental water and closed human contacts. There is necessity to enhance surveillance in reducing the propagation of this bacterium which is a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y Bolukaoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kathy-Anne Strydom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Ampath National Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontombi M Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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32
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Lépesová K, Olejníková P, Mackuľak T, Tichý J, Birošová L. Annual changes in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18470-18483. [PMID: 31049859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains subinhibitory concentrations of different micropollutants such as antibiotics that create selective pressure on bacteria. This phenomenon is also caused by insufficient wastewater treatment technology leading to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Therefore, this work focused on monitoring of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in influent and effluent wastewaters taken from the second biggest wastewater treatment plant (Petržalka) in the capital of Slovakia during 1 year. Antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated, identified, and characterized in terms of susceptibility and biofilm production. All of 27 antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified mainly as Morganella morganii, Citrobacter spp., and E. coli. Multidrug-resistance was detected in 58% of isolated strains. All tested isolates could form biofilm; two strains were very strong producers, and 74% formed biofilm by strong intensity. The flow rate of the influent wastewater had a more significant impact on the number of studied bacteria than the temperature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Lépesová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Tichý
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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