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An T, Liang Z, Chen Z, Li G. Recent progress in online detection methods of bioaerosols. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:442-454. [PMID: 38933213 PMCID: PMC10239662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aerosol transmission of coronavirus disease in 2019, along with the spread of other respiratory diseases, caused significant loss of life and property; it impressed upon us the importance of real-time bioaerosol detection. The complexity, diversity, and large spatiotemporal variability of bioaerosols and their external/internal mixing with abiotic components pose challenges for effective online bioaerosol monitoring. Traditional methods focus on directly capturing bioaerosols before subsequent time-consuming laboratory analysis such as culture-based methods, preventing the high-resolution time-based characteristics necessary for an online approach. Through a comprehensive literature assessment, this review highlights and discusses the most commonly used real-time bioaerosol monitoring techniques and the associated commercially available monitors. Methods applied in online bioaerosol monitoring, including adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence, laser/light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and bioaerosol mass spectrometry are summarized. The working principles, characteristics, sensitivities, and efficiencies of these real-time detection methods are compared to understand their responses to known particle types and to contrast their differences. Approaches developed to analyze the substantial data sets obtained by these instruments and to overcome the limitations of current real-time bioaerosol monitoring technologies are also introduced. Finally, an outlook is proposed for future instrumentation indicating a need for highly revolutionized bioaerosol detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhishu Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Zhao Y, Yang Y, Dong F, Dai Q. The characteristics of nano-micron calcite particles/common bacteria complex and its interfacial interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27522-z. [PMID: 37178294 PMCID: PMC10182550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the composite pollution of atmospheric microbial aerosol, this paper selects the calcite/bacteria complex as the research object which was prepared by calcite particles and two common strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) in the solution system. The morphology, particle size, surface potential, and surface groups of the complex were explored by modern analysis and testing methods, with an emphasis on the interfacial interaction between calcite and bacteria. The SEM, TEM, and CLSM results showed that the morphology of the complex could be divided into three types: bacteria adhering to the surface or edge of micro-CaCO3, bacteria aggregating with nano-CaCO3, and single nano-CaCO3 wrapping bacteria. The complex's particle size was about 2.07 ~ 192.4 times larger than the original mineral particles, and the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex's particle size variation was caused by the fact that nano-CaCO3 has agglomeration in solution. The surface potential of the micro-CaCO3/bacteria complex (isoelectric point pH = 3.0) lies between micro-CaCO3 and bacteria, while the surface potential of the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex (isoelectric point pH = 2.0) approaches the nano-CaCO3. The complex's surface groups were based primarily on the infrared characteristics of calcite particles, accompanied by the infrared characteristics of bacteria, displaying the interfacial interaction from the protein, polysaccharides, and phosphodiester groups of bacteria. The interfacial action of the micro-CaCO3/bacteria complex is mainly driven by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding force, while the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex is guided by surface complexation and hydrogen bonding force. The increase in the β-fold/α-helix ratio of the calcite/S. aureus complex indicated that the secondary structure of bacterial surface proteins was more stable and the hydrogen bond effect was strong than the calcite/E. coli complex. The findings are expected to provide basic data for the mechanism research of atmospheric composite particles closer to the real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qunwei Dai
- Fundamental Science On Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
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3
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Qi Y, Chen Y, Yan X, Liu W, Ma L, Liu Y, Ma Q, Liu S. Co-Exposure of Ambient Particulate Matter and Airborne Transmission Pathogens: The Impairment of the Upper Respiratory Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15892-15901. [PMID: 36240448 PMCID: PMC9670849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has pinpointed the positive relevance between air particulate matter (PM) pollution and epidemic spread. However, there are still significant knowledge gaps in understanding the transmission and infection of pathogens loaded on PMs, for example, the interactions between pathogens and pre-existing atmospheric PM and the health effects of co-exposure on the inhalation systems. Here, we unraveled the interactions between fine particulate matter (FPM) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and evaluated the infection and detrimental effects of co-exposure on the upper respiratory systems in both in vitro and in vivo models. We uncovered the higher accessibility and invasive ability of pathogens to epithelial cells after loading on FPMs, compared with the single exposure. Furthermore, we designed a novel laboratory exposure model to simulate a real co-exposure scenario. Intriguingly, the co-exposure induced more serious functional damage and longer inflammatory reactions to the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity and trachea. Collectively, our results provide a new point of view on the transmission and infection of pathogens loaded on FPMs and uncover the in vivo systematic impairments of the inhalation tract under co-exposure through a novel laboratory exposure model. Hence, this study sheds light on further investigations of the detrimental effects of air pollution and epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yucai Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Ma
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Ginn O, Lowry S, Brown J. A systematic review of enteric pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in outdoor urban aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113097. [PMID: 35339466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol transport of enteric microbiota including fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) has been documented in a range of settings but remains poorly understood outside indoor environments. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to summarize evidence on specific enteric microbiota including enteric pathogens and ARGs that have been measured in aerosol samples in urban settings where the risks of outdoor exposure and antibiotic resistance (AR) spread may be highest. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a key word search for articles published within the years 1990-2020 using relevant data sources. Two authors independently conducted the keyword searches of databases and conducted primary and secondary screenings before merging results. To be included, studies contained extractable data on enteric microbes and AR in outdoor aerosols regardless of source confirmation and reported on qualitative, quantitative, or viability data on enteric microbes or AR. Qualitative analyses and metric summaries revealed that enteric microbes and AR have been consistently reported in outdoor aerosols, generally via relative abundance measures, though gaps remain preventing full understanding of the role of the aeromicrobiological pathway in the fate and transport of enteric associated outdoor aerosols. We identified remaining gaps in the evidence base including a need for broad characterization of enteric pathogens in bioaerosols beyond bacterial genera, a need for greater sampling in locations of high enteric disease risk, and a need for quantitative estimation of microbial and nucleic acid densities that may be applied to fate and transport models and in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ginn
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Sarah Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Deparment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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5
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Nozza E, Valentini S, Melzi G, Vecchi R, Corsini E. Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter: A focus on physical and chemical properties and respiratory defence mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146391. [PMID: 33774291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged to have multiple detrimental effects on human health. In this review, we report literature results on the possible link between outdoor PM and health outcomes with a focus on pulmonary infections and the mechanisms responsible for observed negative effects. PM physical and chemical properties, such as size and chemical composition, as well as major emission sources are described for a more comprehensive view about the role played by atmospheric PM in the observed adverse health effects; to this aim, major processes leading to the deposition of PM in the respiratory tract and how this can pave the way to the onset of pathologies are also presented. From the literature works here reviewed, two ways in which PM can threaten human health promoting respiratory infectious diseases are mostly taken into account. The first pathway is related to an enhanced susceptibility and here we will also report on molecular mechanisms in the lung immune system responsible for the augmented susceptibility to pathogens, such as the damage of mechanical defensive barriers, the alteration of the innate immune response, and the generation of oxidative stress. The second one deals with the relationship between infectious agents and PM; here we recall that viruses and bacteria (BioPM) are themselves part of atmospheric PM and are collected during sampling together with particles of different origin; so, data should be analysed with caution in order to avoid any false cause-effect relation. To face these issues a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory as also evident from the ongoing research about the mechanisms hypothesized for the SARS-CoV-2 airborne spreading, which is still controversial and claims for further investigation. Therefore, we preferred not to include papers dealing with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nozza
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - E Corsini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wang H, Yin P, Fan W, Wang Y, Dong Z, Deng Q, Zhou M. Mortality Risk Associated with Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter in China: Estimating Error and Implication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1110-1121. [PMID: 33372762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies used a specific size of particulate matter (PMx) for dosimetry estimation when determining particulate matter (PM)-associated risk, which precluded the impact of other sizes of PM. Here, we used a multiple-path particle dosimetry model to determine the deposition of PM in human airways and further estimated the associated mortality risk in 205 cities in China. Results showed that the fractions of PM1, PM1-2.5, and coarse PM (PM2.5-10) deposited in the tracheobronchial (TB) and pulmonary airways were estimated in ranges of 11.06-12.83, 19.9-26.37, and 5.35-9.81%, respectively. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in deposited PM was significantly associated with a nationwide increment of 1.12% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.77-1.49%) for total nonaccidental mortality. Short-term exposure to PM during 2014-2017 resulted in a nationwide mortality of 98 826 cases/year, with contributions from PM1, PM1-2.5, coarse PM of 37.7, 43.1, and 19.2%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the estimated mortality counts may be associated with the coefficient of variation of dosimetry estimations. In addition, we revealed the caution should be exercised when interpreting PMx-associated risk and further reinforced the importance of size distribution in relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Niu M, Zhou F, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhu T, Shen F. Abundance and composition of airborne archaea during springtime mixed dust and haze periods in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141641. [PMID: 32892037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Archaea have an important role in the elemental biogeochemical cycle and human health. However, characteristics of airborne archaea affected by anthropogenic and natural processes are unclear. In this study, we investigated the abundance, structures, influencing factors and assembly processes of the archaeal communities in the air samples collected from Beijing in springtime using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-throughput sequencing technology and statistical analysis. The concentrations of airborne archaea ranged from 101 to 103 copies m-3 (455 ± 211 copies m-3), accounting for 0.67% of the total prokaryote (sum of archaea and bacteria). An increase in airborne archaea was seen when the air quality shifted from clean to slightly polluted conditions. Sandstorm dust imported a large number of archaea to the local atmosphere. Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota were the dominant phyla, revealing the primary role of soil in releasing archaea to the ambient environment. Dispersal-related neutral processes play an important role in shaping the structure of airborne archaeal assembly. Of all phyla, methanogenic Euryarchaeota were most abundant in the air parcels come from the south of Beijing. Air masses from the west of Beijing, which brought sandstorm to Beijing, carried large amounts of ammonia oxidizing archaea Nitrososphaera. The results demonstrate the importance of air mass sources and local weather conditions in shaping the local airborne archaea community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
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8
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Niu M, Shen F, Zhou F, Zhu T, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li X, Wu Y, Fu P, Tao S. Indoor air filtration could lead to increased airborne endotoxin levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105878. [PMID: 32580116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stand-alone portable air purifiers (APs) have become an increasingly popular method of controlling individual inhalation exposure. Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has a causative role in respiratory inhalation health. Here, we studied the changes in endotoxin levels in indoor air before and after purification by a portable AP equipped with HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters. An increase in endotoxins was observed when a previously used AP was turned on to clean the air. Replacing the HEPA filters in the AP helped to mitigate the increase in endotoxins of larger sizes but not endotoxins of smaller sizes. Consequently, the use of APs could lead to increased endotoxin deposition in airways, especially in the alveolar region. The endotoxin concentrations on the HEPA filters were well correlated with the free DNA concentrations on the HEPA filters. This correlation indicates that the disrupted bacteria, which released free DNA, could also release endotoxins, thus making HEPA filters a source of indoor airborne endotoxins. Our results illustrate a potential endotoxin inhalation risk associated with HEPA-APs as an air cleaning strategy and highlight the importance of composition-specific air cleaning while reducing the particle number/mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Roy R, Jan R, Joshi U, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Characterization, pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxic profile of bioaerosols from urban and rural residential settings in Pune, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114698. [PMID: 32387676 PMCID: PMC7190302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota associated with airborne particulate matter (PM) is an important indicator of indoor pollution as they can be pathogenic and cause serious health threats to the exposed occupants. Present study aimed to investigate the level of culturable microbes associated with PM and their toxicological characterization in urban and rural houses of Pune city. Highest concentration of bacterial aerosols observed to be associated with PM10 size fraction in urban site (2136 ± 285 CFU/m3) whereas maximum fungal concentration has been measured in rural houses (1521 ± 302 CFU/m3). Predominantly found bacterial species were Bacillus sp., S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species were Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. in both urban and rural residential premises. Concentration of endotoxin measured using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay exhibited that the level of endotoxin in both urban and rural sites are associated with household characteristics and the activities performed in indoor as well as outdoor. Cell free DTT assay confirmed the ability of these airborne microbes to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) varying along with the types of microorganisms. On exposure of A549 cells to airborne microbes, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in terms of both necrosis and apoptosis pathway. Elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells and macrophages clearly suggest the inflammatory nature of these airborne microbes. Results derived from the present study demonstrated that the indoor air of urban and rural houses of Pune is contaminated in terms of microbial load. Therefore, attention should be paid to control the factors favoring the microbial growth in order to safeguard the health of exposed inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Uttara Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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10
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Hu Z, Liu H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhou M, Lou L, Zheng P, Xi C, Hu B. Temporal discrepancy of airborne total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria between day and night. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109540. [PMID: 32339956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant microbes in the atmosphere, airborne bacteria are closely involved in affecting human health, regional climate and ecological balance. The mobility of airborne microorganisms makes it necessary to study the community dynamic in short cycle. Nevertheless, it remains obscure how the airborne bacteria especially the pathogenic bacteria vary on the small time scale of day and night. To investigate the nycterohemeral discrepancy of airborne total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, PM2.5 samples were collected in Hangzhou between day and night. Microbial taxonomic information was obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and "human pathogens database" screening. Further analyses based on Multiple Regression Matrices (MRM) approach and Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) model were conducted to elucidate the effect of local environmental factors and long-range transport. The community composition of total bacteria tended to be similar in the daytime while pathogenic bacteria turned out to be homogeneous in the nighttime. To be vigilant, the diversity of airborne pathogenic bacteria echoed the frequency of anthropogenic activities with the pathogen inhalation rate roughly at 428 copies/h and 235 copies/h respectively in daytime and nighttime. The nycterohemeral discrepancy of total bacteria was principally driven by the filtering of environmental factors, i.e., CO and NO2, indicating that anthropogenic activities brought about the homogeneity. Airborne pathogenic bacteria coupled with the strong resistances of environmental filtering stood out from their non-pathogenic counterpart, which enabled the long-range transport. Indeed, the nycterohemeral discrepancy of pathogenic bacteria was shaped by the transport of air masses. This research filled the gaps in temporal variance of airborne microorganisms on the small time scale of day and night, providing crucial foundation for precisely predicting ecological and health effects of bioaerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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