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Belini VL, Felipe MC, Corbi JJ, Zaiat M. Automated detection and quantification of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) in tropical artificial soil using image analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:658. [PMID: 35941291 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of toxic substance in soil matrices are evaluated by assessing adult worm survival and reproduction. Throughout the test, hundreds of juvenile potworms can be found. The current method for Enchytraeus crypticus quantification in soil samples is a laborious and time-consuming procedure that involves manual counting. The present work proposes a method for quick and reliable counting of E. crypticus by using an automated image analysis algorithm applied to soil images. Comparisons between automated and manual methods conducted in double-blind trials involving a large, routine batch of tropical artificial soil samples revealed no statistically significant differences for a wide range of worm densities. The proposed method overcomes time-consuming counts in manual methods and is suited to be deployed routinely for soil toxicity studies involving large batches of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdinei L Belini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Mayara C Felipe
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Juliano J Corbi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
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Rajan R, Huo P, Chandran K, Manickam Dakshinamoorthi B, Yun SI, Liu B. A review on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles against different biosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133397. [PMID: 34954197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress made in the past two decades, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have not yet made it to the clinical trials. In addition, they showed both positive and negative effects in their toxicity from unicellular organism to well-developed multi-organ system, for example, rat. Although it is generally accepted that capped (bio)molecules have synergistic bioactivities and diminish the toxicity of metallic Ag core, convincing evidence is completely lacking. Therefore, in this review, we first highlight the recent in vivo toxicity studies of chemically manufactured AgNPs, biologically synthesized AgNPs and reference AgNPs of European Commission. Then, their toxic effects are compared with each other and the overlooked factors leading to the potential conflict of obtained toxicity results are discussed. Finally, suggestions are given to better design and conduct the future toxicity studies and to fast-track the successful clinical translation of AgNPs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rajan
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - PeiPei Huo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - Krishnaraj Chandran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China.
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The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on antimycin A-induced respiratory chain deficiency in mesenchymal stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nguyen AM, Pradas del Real AE, Durupthy O, Lanone S, Chanéac C, Carenco S. Risk Analysis and Technology Assessment of Emerging (Gd,Ce) 2O 2S Multifunctional Nanoparticles: An Attempt for Early Safer-by-Design Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:422. [PMID: 35159767 PMCID: PMC8840297 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acceptability and relevance of nanoparticles in the society is greatly improved using a safer-by-design strategy. However, this is difficult to implement when too late in the development process or when nanoparticles are already on the market (e.g., TiO2). We employ this strategy for emerging nanoparticles of lanthanide oxysulfide of formula (Gd,Ce)2O2S, relevant for photocatalysis as well as for multimodal imaging, as the bandgap of the nanoparticles, related to their Ce content, impacts their ability to absorb visible light. As a first step, we investigated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a function of cerium content, in abiotic conditions and in vitro using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. We demonstrate that, at sub-lethal doses, Ce-containing oxysulfide nanoparticles are responsible for a higher ROS intracellular formation than cerium-free Gd2O2S nanoparticles, although no significant inflammatory response or oxidative stress was measured. Moreover, there was no significant loss of cerium as free cation from the nanoparticles, as evidenced by X-ray fluorescence mapping. Based on these results, we propose a risk analysis for lanthanide oxysulfide nanoparticles, leading to a technology assessment that fulfills the safer-by-design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Minh Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; (A.-M.N.); (O.D.)
- INSERM, IMRB, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Creteil, France
| | | | - Olivier Durupthy
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; (A.-M.N.); (O.D.)
| | - Sophie Lanone
- INSERM, IMRB, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Corinne Chanéac
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; (A.-M.N.); (O.D.)
| | - Sophie Carenco
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; (A.-M.N.); (O.D.)
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Environmental Hazards of Boron and Vanadium Nanoparticles in the Terrestrial Ecosystem-A Case Study with Enchytraeus crypticus. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081937. [PMID: 34443769 PMCID: PMC8399937 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the start of the 21st century, nanoecotoxicological research has been growing in fast steps due to the need to evaluate the safety of the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) nanoparticles (NPs) generated by anthropogenic activities are subsequently released in the environment; therefore, organisms can be continuously exposed to these NPs for short or long periods. However, the short and long-term effects of BNPs and VNPs on soil organisms are unknown. This work aimed to recognize and describe their potential toxicological effects on the model species Enchytraeus crypticus, assessing survival and reproduction, through a longer-term exposure (56 days (d)-OECD test extension of 28 d), and avoidance behavior, through a short-term exposure (48 hours (h)). After 28 d, BNPs did not induce a significant effect on E. crypticus survival, whereas they decreased the organisms' reproduction at 500 mg/kg. From 10 to 500 mg/kg, VNPs decreased the E. crypticus survival and/or reproduction. After 56 d, 100 to 500 mg/kg BNPs and 50 to 500 mg/kg VNPs, decreased the reproduction output of E. crypticus. The estimated Effect Concentrations (ECx) based on reproduction, for BNPs, were lower at 56 d compared with 28 d; for VNPs, an opposite pattern was found: ECx 28 d < ECx 56 d. BNPs did not induce an avoidance behavior, but organisms avoided the soil contaminated with 10 mg VNPs/kg. The tested NPs showed different E. crypticus apical effects at 28 d from the ones detected at 56 d, dependent on the type of NPs (B vs. V). In general, VNPs showed to be more toxic than BNPs. However, the effects of VNPs were alleviated during the time of exposure, contrarily to BNPs (which became more toxic with extended duration). The present study adds important information about NPs toxicity with ecological significance (at the population level). Including long-term effects, the obtained results contributes to the improvement of NPs risk assessment.
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Bretti C, Cardiano P, Irto A, Lando G, Milea D, Sammartano S. Interaction of N-acetyl-l-cysteine with Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Zn 2+. Thermodynamic aspects, chemical speciation and sequestering ability in natural fluids. J Mol Liq 2020; 319:114164. [PMID: 32904480 PMCID: PMC7455796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of thermodynamic parameters of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) protonation were determined in NaCl(aq), (CH3)4NCl(aq), (C2H5)4NI(aq), employing various temperature and ionic strengths conditions, by potentiometric measurements. The interaction of NAC with some essential metal cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+) was investigated as well at 298.15 K in NaCl(aq) in the ionic strength range 0.1 ≤ I/mol dm-3 ≤ 1.0. The values of protonation constants at infinite dilution and at T = 298.15 K are: log K 1 H = 9.962 ± 0.005 (S-H) and log K 2 H = 3.347 ± 0.008 (COO-H). In the presence of a background electrolyte, both log K 1 H and log K 2 H values followed the trend (C2H5)4NI ≥ (CH3)4NCl ≥ NaCl. The differences in the values of protonation constants among the three ionic media were interpreted in terms of variation of activity coefficients and formation of weak complexes. Accordingly, the determination of the stability of 4 species, namely: NaL-, NaHL0 (aq), (CH3)4NL-, (CH3)4NHL0 (aq) was assessed. In addition, as regards the interactions of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ with NAC, the main species where the ML0 (aq), ML(OH)-, and ML2 2-, that were found to be important in the chemical speciation of NAC in real multicomponent solutions. The whole set of the data collected may be crucial for the development of NAC-based materials for natural fluids selective decontamination from heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Bretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Cardiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Irto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Mendonça MCP, de Jesus MB, van Gestel CAM. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles: Bioavailability and toxicokinetics in Enchytraeus crypticus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136797. [PMID: 32014764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could reduce the toxicity of silver (Ag) materials (nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag nitrate) to the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). It remains however, unclear whether the antitoxic mechanism of NAC was caused by NAC-Ag binding in the soil or inside the organisms. This study aimed at determining the bioavailability of Ag in the soil in a 21-day toxicity test as well as the Ag uptake and elimination kinetics in E. crypticus exposed to AgNPs in LUFA 2.2 standard soil amended with low (100 mg/kg dry soil) and high (600 mg/kg dry soil) NAC concentrations. The addition of NAC to the soil alleviated the toxicity of AgNPs by decreasing the internal Ag concentration of E. crypticus in a dose-dependent manner. Indeed, NAC reduced the binding of Ag to the soil, which probably was due to the formation of soluble but biologically unavailable Ag-cysteine complexes. The reduced Ag uptake in the enchytraeids was explained from an increased elimination at high NAC levels. These findings reinforce the view that metal complexing-compounds like NAC play a key role in the modulation of AgNP toxicity and bioavailability in terrestrial environments. Further, it may inform on the potential of NAC as a remediation solution for Ag or other metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Culturato Padilha Mendonça
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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