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Medellín-Castillo NA, González-Fernández LA, Ocampo-Pérez R, Leyva-Ramos R, Luiz-Dotto G, Flores-Ramírez R, Navarro-Frómeta AE, Aguilera-Flores MM, Carrasco-Marín F, Hernández-Mendoza H, Aguirre-Contreras S, Sánchez-Polo M, Ocaña-Peinado FM. Efficient removal of triclosan from water through activated carbon adsorption and photodegradation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118162. [PMID: 38218517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the application of adsorption with activated carbons (ACs) and photodegradation to reduce the concentration of triclosan (TCS) in aqueous solutions. Concerning adsorption, ACs (Darco, Norit, and F400) were characterised and batch experiments were performed to elucidate the effect of pH on equilibrium. The results showed that at pH = 7, the maximum adsorption capacity of TCS onto the ACs was 18.5 mg g-1 for Darco, 16.0 mg g-1 for Norit, and 15.5 mg g-1 for F400. The diffusional kinetic model allowed an adequate interpretation of the experimental data. The effective diffusivity varied and increased with the amount of TCS adsorbed, from 1.06 to 1.68 × 10-8 cm2 s-1. In the case of photodegradation, it was possible to ensure that the triclosan molecule was sensitive to UV light of 254 nm because the removal was over 80 % using UV light. The removal of TCS increased in the presence of sulfate radicals. It was possible to identify 2,4-dichlorophenol as one of the photolytic degradation products of triclosan, which does not represent an environmental hazard at low concentrations of triclosan in water. These results confirm that the use of AC Darco, Norit, and F400 and that photodegradation processes with UV light and persulfate radicals are effective in removing TCS from water, reaching concentration levels that do not constitute a risk to human health or environmental hazard. Both methods effectively eliminate pollutants with relatively easy techniques to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8, Zona Universitaria, 78290, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lázaro Adrián González-Fernández
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8, Zona Universitaria, 78290, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Ocampo-Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Roberto Leyva-Ramos
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Guilherme Luiz-Dotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima N° 1000, Cidade Universitária Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, Av. Sierra Leona #550, Lomas 2a, Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta
- Technological University of Izucar de Matamoros, De Reforma 168, Campestre La Paz, 74420, Izucar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Mauricio Aguilera-Flores
- Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; National Polytechnic Institute, Blvd. Del Bote 202, Cerro Del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Ciudad Administrativa, 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Desert Zones Research Institute, Altair No. 200, Col. Del Llano, 78377, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Samuel Aguirre-Contreras
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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Carena L, Wang Y, Gligorovski S, Berto S, Mounier S, Vione D. Photoinduced production of substances with humic-like fluorescence, upon irradiation of water samples from alpine lakes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137972. [PMID: 36716935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is here provided that irradiation of some lake water samples can trigger the formation of fluorophores with humic-like properties, at the same time increasing water absorbance. This phenomenon is the opposite of photobleaching, which is often observed when natural waters are irradiated. The photoproduced humic-like fluorophores observed here would be of autochthonous rather than allochthonous origin, which marks a difference with the fraction of humic substances that derives from terrestrial sources. Photogeneration of humic-like compounds can be highlighted in water samples where the fluorescence signal of initially occurring humic substances is low, so that their photobleaching is minimised. Samples that are most likely to show photoinduced formation of humic-like fluorophores are in fact characterised by high values of protein-like vs. humic-like contribution ratios to fluorescence, as evidenced by parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Mountain lakes in late summer appear to be suitable candidates to highlight the described phenomenon. In some cases, lake-water irradiation caused a decrease in the spectral slope of the absorbance that, together with increasing absorbance values, is consistent with an increase in molecular mass and aromaticity of organic matter. The absorbance increase triggered by irradiation might play a role in screening biologically harmful UV radiation, in mountain environments that would otherwise be characterised by very clear water that allows for easy transmission of UV light along the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510 640, China
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510 640, China.
| | - Silvia Berto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stéphane Mounier
- Univ. Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, CS 60584, 83041, Toulon, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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3
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Guo Z, Kodikara D, Albi LS, Hatano Y, Chen G, Yoshimura C, Wang J. Photodegradation of organic micropollutants in aquatic environment: Importance, factors and processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:118236. [PMID: 36682233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions widely occur in the aquatic environment and play fundamental roles in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, solar-induced photodegradation is efficient for many organic micropollutants (OMPs), especially those that cannot undergo hydrolysis or biodegradation, and thus can mitigate chemical pollution. Recent reports indicate that photodegradation may play a more important role than biodegradation in many OMP transformations in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation can be influenced by the water matrix such as pH, inorganic ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effect of the water matrix such as DOM on photodegradation is complex, and new insights concerning the disparate effects of DOM have recently been reported. In addition, the photodegradation process is also influenced by physical factors such as latitude, water depth, and temporal variations in sunlight as these factors determine the light conditions. However, it remains challenging to gain an overview of the importance of photodegradation in the aquatic environment because the reactions involved are diverse and complex. Therefore, this review provides a concise summary of the importance of photodegradation and the major processes related to the photodegradation of OMPs, with particular attention given to recent progress on the major reactions of DOM. In addition, major knowledge gaps in this field of environmental photochemistry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Luthfia Shofi Albi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Cao Y, Gao Y, Hu X, Zeng Y, Luo X, Li G, An T, Mai B. Insight into phototransformation mechanism and toxicity evolution of novel and legacy brominated flame retardants in water: A comparative analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118041. [PMID: 35030361 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have become widespread as a consequence of the prohibition on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, the transformation mechanism and potential environmental risk are largely unclear. In this study, we have explored the phototransformation behavior of the most abundant NBFRs, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) in water under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Meanwhile, the legacy 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE155) with similar structure was investigated contrastively. Results show that novel BTBPE is more persistent than legacy BDE155, with nearly four times slower photodegradation rate constants (0.0120 min-1and 0.0447 min-1, respectively). 18 products are identified in the phototransformation of BTBPE. Different from the only debrominated products formed in legacy BDE155 transformation, the ether bond cleavage photoproducts (e.g. bromophenols) are also identified in novel BTBPE transformation. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) confirms the phototransformation mechanism is mainly via debromination accompanying with the breaking of ether bond. Computational toxicity assessment implies that transformation products of BTBPE still have the high kidney risks. Especially the bromophenols formed via the ether bond cleavage could significantly increase the health effects on skin irritation. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the photolytic behavior and potential risks of novel NBFRs and other structurally similar analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Solomou N, Minella M, Vione D, Psillakis E. UVC-induced degradation of cilastatin in natural water and treated wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130668. [PMID: 33962299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports for the first time the UVC photodegradation of cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor co-adminstered with the imipenem antibiotic. Initially, solutions of cilastatin at varying concentrations were prepared in ultra-pure water and the direct photolysis of cilastatin was monitored under 254-nm irradiation. Degradation was slower at higher initial cilastatin concentrations, due to absorption saturation. Of the different eluting photoproducts, only one was tentatively identified as oxidized cilastatin bearing a sulfoxide group. UV-254 photolysis occurred faster at lower pH values, because the protonated forms of the molecule (H3A+, H2A) have both higher absorption coefficients and higher photolysis quantum yields than the non-protonated ones (HA-, A2-). The direct photolysis of cilastatin does not involve •OH, as excluded by experiments in which t-butanol was added as •OH scavenger, whereas the presence of humic acids inhibited photolysis due to competition for radiation absorption. The same explanation partially accounts for the observation that the photolysis kinetics of cilastatin was slower in tap water, river water and treated wastewater samples compared to ultra-pure water. Moreover, the direct photolysis quantum yield was also lower in water matrices compared to ultra-pure water. Similar findings reported for triclosan and the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in previous studies might suggest that the water matrix components could carry out either physical quenching of cilastatin's excited states or back-reduction to cilastatin of the partially oxidized degradation intermediates. Overall, the present results demonstrate that UVC irradiation is a fast and efficient process for the degradation of cilastatin in natural water and treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Solomou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Marco Minella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elefteria Psillakis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.
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6
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Wang C, Fuller ME, Heraty LJ, Hatzinger PB, Sturchio NC. Photocatalytic mechanisms of 2,4-dinitroanisole degradation in water deciphered by C and N dual-element isotope fractionation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125109. [PMID: 33858090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In surface water environments, photodegradation may be an important process for the natural attenuation of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN). Understanding the photolysis and photocatalysis mechanisms of DNAN is difficult because the photosensitivity of nitro groups and the behavior of DNAN as a potential photosensitizer are unclear in aqueous solutions. Here, we investigate the degradation mechanisms of DNAN under UV-A (λ ~ 350 nm) and UV-C (λ ~ 254 nm) irradiation in a photolysis reactor where aqueous solution was continuously recycled through a UV-irradiated volume from a non-irradiated external reservoir. By tracking C and N isotopic fractionation in DNAN and its reaction products, we observed normal 13C fractionation (εC = -3.34‰) and inverse 15N fractionation (εN = +12.30‰) under UV-A (λ ~ 350 nm) irradiation, in contrast to inverse 13C fractionation (εC = +1.45‰) and normal 15N fractionation (εN = -3.79‰) under UV-C (λ ~ 254 nm) irradiation. These results indicate that DNAN can act as a photosensitizer and may follow a product-to-parent reversion mechanism in surface water environments. The data also indicate that photocatalytic degradation of DNAN in aqueous systems can be monitored via C and N stable isotope analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Mark E Fuller
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Linnea J Heraty
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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7
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Wang T, Huang T, Jiang H, Ma R. Electrochemical degradation of atrazine by BDD anode: Evidence from compound-specific stable isotope analysis and DFT simulations. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129754. [PMID: 33524760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct charge transfer (DCT) and •OH attack played important roles in contaminant degradation by BDD electrochemical oxidation. Their separate contributions and potential bond-cleavage processes were required but lacking. Here, we carried out promising compound-specific isotope fractionation analysis (CSIA) to explore 13C and 2H isotope fractionation of atrazine (ATZ), followed by assessing the reaction pathway by BDD anode. The correlation of 2H and 13C fractionation allows to remarkably differentiate DCT process and •OH attack, with Λ values of 18.99 and 53.60, respectively. Radical quenching identified that •OH accounted for 79.0%-88.5% in the whole reaction. While CSIA methods provided biased results, which suggested that ATZ degradation exhibited two stages with •OH contributions of 24.6% and 84.3% respectively, confirming CSIA was more sensitive and provided more possibilities to estimate degradation processes. Combined with Fukui index and intermediate products identification, we deduced that dechlorination-hydroxylation mainly occurred in the first 30 min by DCT reaction. While lateral chain oxidation with C-N broken was the governing route once •OH was largely generated, with the production of DEA (m/z 188), DIA (m/z 174), DEIA (m/z 146) and DEIHA (m/z 128). Our results demonstrated that isotope fractionation can offer "isotopic footprints" for identifying the rate-limiting steps and bond breakage process, and opens new avenues for degradation pathways of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Taobo Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
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8
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Neale RE, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Madronich S, Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Bernhard GH, Bais AF, Aucamp PJ, Banaszak AT, Bornman JF, Bruckman LS, Byrne SN, Foereid B, Häder DP, Hollestein LM, Hou WC, Hylander S, Jansen MAK, Klekociuk AR, Liley JB, Longstreth J, Lucas RM, Martinez-Abaigar J, McNeill K, Olsen CM, Pandey KK, Rhodes LE, Robinson SA, Rose KC, Schikowski T, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Ukpebor JE, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Yazar S, Young AR, Young PJ, Zhu L, Zhu M. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1-67. [PMID: 33721243 PMCID: PMC7816068 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595-828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environmental Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland, USA
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - S Madronich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A L Andrady
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, México
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - L S Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S N Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Applied Medical Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - D-P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - L M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems-EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of BEES, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
| | - J Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - C M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K K Pandey
- Department of Wood Properties and Uses, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - L E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Global Challenges Program and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J E Ukpebor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S-Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C C White
- Bee America, 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - L Zhu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Apell JN, Kliegman S, Solá-Gutiérrez C, McNeill K. Linking Triclosan's Structural Features to Its Environmental Fate and Photoproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14432-14441. [PMID: 33156610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan is a high-production volume chemical, which has become widely detected in environmental systems because of its widespread usage. Photodegradation has been identified as a major degradation pathway, but the identified photoproducts are also chemicals of concern. In this study, lower chlorinated derivatives of triclosan were synthesized to investigate the impact the chlorine substituents have on the photodegradation rate and the photoproducts produced. In addition, the photodegradation of two classes of photoproducts-dibenzo-p-dioxins (DDs) and 2,2'-dihydroxylated biphenyls-was also investigated. Degradation of triclosan in near-surface sunlit waters was relatively fast (t1/2 < 5 h). Calculated degradation rates were slower for DDs and faster for dihydroxylated biphenyls in comparison to that for triclosan. In addition, the 2'-Cl substituent was critical for the high quantum yield measured for triclosan and necessary for the photodegradation mechanism that forms DDs and dihydroxylated biphenyls. The 4-Cl substituent was responsible for higher rates of light absorption and the environmentally relevant pKa. Without either of these substituents, the environmental fate of triclosan would be markedly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Apell
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Sarah Kliegman
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Solá-Gutiérrez
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li YL, Zhou BW, Cheng J, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Guo YL. Mass Spectrometry-Based Discovery of New Chemical Scaffold Rearrangement Ions: Aza-biphenylene as a Novel Potent Biradical Agent in Cancer Chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14517-14527. [PMID: 33054169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of a new drug is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. Herein, a novel integrative strategy for discovering potential new lead compounds has been developed, which was based on the characteristics of mass spectrometry (MS). MS was used to predict the potential forced degradation products (DPs) and metabolites of drugs by electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation (CID). Special rearrangement ions representing unique predicted DPs and metabolites were identified. The consistency between the predicted and the measured results was proven by in vitro metabolism and forced degradation of a commercial drug, respectively. From this, new chemical scaffold rearrangement ions named (aza)-biphenylenes, as potent anticancer agents, were discovered. As a representative aza-biphenylene analogue, 2-azabiphenylene was proven in vitro to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, 2-azabiphenylene exhibited the best comparable bioactivity with the positive control sorafenib, but showed significantly lower in vitro cytotoxicity than sorafenib (at least a 5-fold decrease in cytotoxicity) because it could be targeted to the tumor microenvironment at low pH. A biradical mechanism accompanied by a mitochondrion-dependent oxidative stress mechanism was proposed to explore its anticancer mechanism. The highly reactive intermediate aza-biphenylenediyl worked as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. This provided the basis for the potential applications of CID-induced special rearrangement ions in developing new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Marazuela M, García-Fresnadillo D. An integrated photosensitizing/adsorbent material for the removal of triclosan from water samples. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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