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Gastaldi M, Pankey MS, Svendsen G, Medina A, Firstater F, Narvarte M, Lozada M, Lesser M. Holobiont dysbiosis or acclimatation? Shift in the microbial taxonomic diversity and functional composition of a cosmopolitan sponge subjected to chronic pollution in a Patagonian bay. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17707. [PMID: 39184395 PMCID: PMC11344537 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis and acclimatization are two starkly opposing outcomes of altered holobiont associations in response to environmental pollution. This study assesses whether shifts in microbial taxonomic composition and functional profiles of the cosmopolitan sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis indicate dysbiotic or acclimatized responses to water pollution. To do so, sponge and water samples were collected in a semi-enclosed environment (San Antonio Bay, Patagonia, Argentina) from variably polluted sites (i.e., eutrophication, heavy metal contamination). We found significant differences in the microbiome of H. perlevis with respect to the pollution history of the sites. Several indicators suggested that acclimatization, rather than dysbiosis, explained the microbiome response to higher pollution: 1) the distinction of the sponge microbiome from the water microbiome; 2) low similarity between the sponge and water microbiomes at the most polluted site; 3) the change in microbiome composition between sponges from the different sites; 4) a high similarity in the microbiome among sponge individuals within sites; 5) a similar ratio of common sponge microbes to opportunistic microbes between sponges at the most and least polluted sites; and 6) a distinctive functional profile of the sponge microbiome at the most polluted site. This profile indicated a more expansive metabolic repertoire, including the degradation of pollutants and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, suggesting a relevant role of these microbial communities in the adaptation of the holobiont to organic pollution. Our results shed light on the rearrangement of the H. perlevis microbiome that could allow it to successfully colonize sites with high anthropogenic impact while resisting dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Gastaldi
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos, CIMAS-CONICET, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - M. Sabrina Pankey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences and School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New England, United States
| | - Guillermo Svendsen
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Modelado Ecológico y Pesquero, CIMAS-CONICET, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Alonso Medina
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Fausto Firstater
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos, CIMAS-CONICET, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Maite Narvarte
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos, CIMAS-CONICET, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lozada
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental, IBIOMAR-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Michael Lesser
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences and School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New England, United States
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Fraissinet S, Arduini D, Martines A, De Benedetto GE, Malitesta C, Giangrande A, Rossi S. Seasonal occurrence and distribution of microplastics in four different benthic suspension feeders from an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) facility: A bioremediation perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116811. [PMID: 39121801 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are dangerous and ubiquitous in the environment. The urgency to contrast plastic pollution is prompting the scientific community to offer new proposals. Recently, bioremediation using filter feeders is gaining consent as a nature-based solution. Herein four filter feeders (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819, Sabella spallanzanii Gmelin, 1791, Phallusia mammillata Cuvier, 1815, Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004), studied in a previous laboratory experiment as MPs bioremediators, are evaluated in field conditions within 1-year. These organisms are part of an established fouling community growing on eco-friendly ropes in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in the Mar Grande of Taranto. After digesting the animal tissue, the MPs content was quantified by optical microscopy and spectroscopically characterized in the four seasons: highest values were measured in Autumn and lowest in Spring. M. galloprovincialis and P. mammillata were the most contaminated, but S. spallanzanii removed more MPs, due to its high density on the ropes. The whole community removed 3.15 × 107 MPs/season, with the amount of microfibers corresponding to a bottle cap/season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fraissinet
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Daniele Arduini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martines
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto
- Laboratory of Analytic and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolicao 230, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
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3
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De Benedetto GE, Fraissinet S, Tardio N, Rossi S, Malitesta C. Microplastics determination and quantification in two benthic filter feeders Sabella spallanzanii, Polychaeta and Paraleucilla magna, Porifera. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31796. [PMID: 38845917 PMCID: PMC11153181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a worldwide problem especially in the marine environment. Plastic items once fragmented into microplastics (MPs), can be captured by different marine species. Benthic filter feeders like sponges and polychaetas, due to their trophic strategy, are highly exposed to MPs pollution. Herein a simple but effective method to digest the fan worm Sabella spallanzanii and the calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna is presented: a solution with KOH and H2O2 was able to remove quantitatively (more than 98 %) the organic matter in 3 h while an acid treatment dissolved most of spicules and chaetes in less than 30 min. MPs were easily identified both microscopically and spectroscopically on filters. Quantification in animals collected from the same environment showed that, on average, sponges accumulate fewer MPs than polychaetes (66 ± 31 and 117 ± 46 particles/g dry weight, respectively). The plastic recovery of the method was validated using three different approaches (spiking of standard PS microspheres, of common-use plastic objects, and of microplastics already weathered in marine environment). This procedure can make it easier and cost-effective to process biota in monitoring studies, providing information about bioindicator/bioremediation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe E. De Benedetto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica e Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Universita' del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Fraissinet
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Tardio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Av, Abolicao 230, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Corti A, Pagano G, Lo Giudice A, Papale M, Rizzo C, Azzaro M, Vinciguerra V, Castelvetro V, Giannarelli S. Marine sponges as bioindicators of pollution by synthetic microfibers in Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166043. [PMID: 37544451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Different marine sponge species from Tethys Bay, Antarctica, were analyzed for contamination by polyester and polyamide microplastics (MPs). The PISA (Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis) procedure was adopted as it provides, through depolymerization and HPLC analysis, highly sensitive mass-based quantitative data. The study focused on three analytes resulting from the hydrolytic depolymerization of polyesters and polyamides: terephthalic acid (TPA), 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA), and 1-6-hexanediamine (HMDA). TPA is a comonomer found in the polyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene adipate co terephthalate) (PBAT), and in polyamides such as poly(1,4-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (Kevlar™ and Twaron™ fibers) and poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) (nylon 6 T). AHA is the monomer of nylon 6. HMDA is a comonomer of the aliphatic nylon 6,6 (HMDA-co-adipic acid) and of semi-aromatic polyamides such as, again, nylon 6 T (HMDA-co-TPA). Except for the biodegradable PBAT, these polymers exhibit high to extreme mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance. Indeed, they are used as technofibers in protective clothing able to withstand extreme conditions as those typical of Antarctica. Of the two amine monomers, only HMDA was found above the limit of quantification, and only in specimens of Haliclona (Rhizoniera) scotti, at a concentration equivalent to 27 μg/kg of nylon 6,6 in the fresh sponge. Comparatively higher concentrations, corresponding to 2.5-4.1 mg/kg of either PBAT or PPTA, were calculated from the concentration of TPA detected in all sponge species. Unexpectedly, TPA did not originate from PET (the most common textile fiber) as it was detected in the acid hydrolysate, whereas the PISA procedure results in effective PET depolymerization only under alkaline conditions. The obtained results showed that sponges, by capturing and concentrating MPs from large volumes of filtered marine waters, may be considered as effective indicators of the level and type of pollution by MPs and provide early warnings of increasing levels of pollution even in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Pagano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), 98122 Messina, Italy; Sicily Marine Centre, Department Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Virginia Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Krikech I, Oliveri Conti G, Pulvirenti E, Rapisarda P, Castrogiovanni M, Maisano M, Le Pennec G, Leermakers M, Ferrante M, Cappello T, Ezziyyani M. Microplastics (≤ 10 μm) bioaccumulation in marine sponges along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast: Insights into species-specific distribution and potential bioindication. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116608. [PMID: 37429403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive in marine environments and widely recognized as emerging environmental pollutants due to the multifaceted risks they exert on living organisms and ecosystems. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are essential suspension-feeding organisms that may be highly susceptible to MPs uptake due to their global distribution, unique feeding behavior, and sedentary lifestyle. However, the role of sponges in MP research remains largely underexplored. In the present study, we investigate the presence and abundance of MPs (≤10 μm size) in four sponge species, namely Chondrosia reniformis, Ircinia variabilis, Petrosia ficiformis, and Sarcotragus spinosulus collected from four sites along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, as well as their spatial distribution. MPs analysis was conducted using an innovative Italian patented extraction methodology coupled with SEM-EDX detection. Our findings reveal the presence of MPs in all collected sponge specimens, indicating a pollution rate of 100%. The abundance of MPs in the four sponge species ranged from 3.95×105 to 1.05×106 particles per gram dry weight of sponge tissue, with significant differences observed among sampling sites but no species-specific differences. These results imply that the uptake of MPs by sponges is likely influenced by aquatic environmental pollution rather than the sponge species themselves. The smallest and largest MPs were identified in C. reniformis and P. ficiformis, with median diameters of 1.84 μm and 2.57 μm, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first evidence and an important baseline for the ingestion of small MP particles in Mediterranean sponges, introducing the hypothesis that they may serve as valuable bioindicators of MP pollution in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Krikech
- Department of Life Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 745 BP, 92004 Larache, Morocco; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eloise Pulvirenti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Rapisarda
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Castrogiovanni
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaël Le Pennec
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Chimie Marines, EMR CNRS 6076, Université de Bretagne Sud, EA 3884-IUEM, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient, Brittany, France
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Mohammed Ezziyyani
- Department of Life Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 745 BP, 92004 Larache, Morocco.
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Funch P, Kealy RA, Goldstein J, Brewer JR, Solovyeva V, Riisgård HU. Fate of microplastic captured in the marine demosponge Halichondria panicea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115403. [PMID: 37586270 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles are widespread pollutants in the sea and filter-feeding sponges have recently been suggested as useful monitoring organisms. However, the fate of microplastic particles in sponges is poorly understood, yet crucial for interpreting monitoring data. The present study aims to help develop sponges as more useful monitoring organisms for microplastic in the sea. Here, we describe the fate of inedible (2 and 10 μm) plastic beads compared to that of edible bacteria and algal cells captured in the marine demosponge Halichondria panicea. Small Cyanobium bacillare cells entered the choanocyte chambers and were phagocytized by choanocytes, while larger Rhodomonas salina cells were captured in incurrent canals and phagocytized in the mesohyl. Small 2 μm-beads were captured by choanocytes and subsequently expelled into the excurrent canals after 58 ± 34 min. Larger 10 μm-beads were captured in the incurrent canals and transferred to the mesohyl, where amoeboid cells moved them across the mesohyl before they were expelled into the excurrent canal after 95 ± 36 min. SEM observations further indicated engulfment of plastic beads on the outer sponge surface. This insight provides useful information on how sponges, in general, treat microplastic particles of various sizes. It helps us understand actual measured sizes and concentrations of microplastic particles in sponges in relation to those in the ambient water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Funch
- Department of Biology, Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Rachael A Kealy
- Marine Biological Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Josephine Goldstein
- Department of Biology, Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Aarhus University, Denmark; Marine Biological Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R Brewer
- Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Vita Solovyeva
- Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hans Ulrik Riisgård
- Marine Biological Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Fraissinet S, Arduini D, Vidal O, Pennetta A, De Benedetto GE, Malitesta C, Giangrande A, Rossi S. Particle uptake by filter-feeding macrofoulers from the Mar Grande of Taranto (Mediterranean Sea, Italy): potential as microplastic pollution bioremediators. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114613. [PMID: 36682304 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a serious threat to the marine environment affecting ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. There is a vast literature about the uptake of MPs at different trophic levels, mainly focused on ecotoxicological effects in commercially relevant species. Little is still known about possible strategies to face MP pollution. Bioremediation is recently gaining attention in this framework. The clearance rate and particle retention of Sabella spallanzanii, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Phallusia mammillata, Paraleucilla magna at three MP concentrations (C1: 1.4 · 101 p/L; C2: 1.4 · 102 p/L; C3: 1.4 · 103 p/L) were investigated to test their potential as MP remover. Digestion protocol removed 98 % of tissues simplifying the MP quantification. P. magna clearance rate decreased with increasing concentration while P. mammillata showed no significant variations. S. spallanzanii and M. galloprovincialis instead exhibited the highest values of clearance rate. Yet, unlike mussels, S. spallanzanii can inhibit particle return to the surrounding water storing them in the tube, resulting to be the best candidate for bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fraissinet
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy.
| | - Olaya Vidal
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica e Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica e Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Soares GM, Barros F, Lanna E, da Silva MVS, Cavalcanti FF. Sponges as libraries: Increase in microplastics in Cinachyrella alloclada after 36 years. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114339. [PMID: 36395712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many studies investigated the presence and effects of microplastics in marine species, but data about sponges are still incipient. We quantified these pollutants in a population of the tropical sponge Cinachyrella alloclada, comparing museum specimens sampled in 1981 with specimens sampled in 2017. The mean number of microplastics in specimens collected decades ago was one order of magnitude lower (0.13 ± 0.40/g of sponge tissue) than those sampled more recently (1.37 ± 0.94/g). We observed microplastics in only 10 % of the specimens collected in 1981 but in 80 % of those from 2017. According to Raman spectroscopy, fibers in C. alloclada consisted of polypropylene. Our results reinforce the importance of natural history collections to reduce the gap of knowledge on the interaction between marine sponges and microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Moreira Soares
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Francisco Barros
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Emilio Lanna
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Santos da Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil.
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9
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De Marchi L, Renzi M, Anselmi S, Pretti C, Guazzelli E, Martinelli E, Cuccaro A, Oliva M, Magri M, Bulleri F. Polyethylene microplastics reduce filtration and respiration rates in the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113094. [PMID: 35292241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution represents a distinctive mark of the Anthropocene. Despite the increasing efforts to determine the ecological impacts of MP on marine biodiversity, our understanding of their toxicological effects on invertebrate species is still limited. Despite their key functional roles, sponges (Phylum Porifera) are particularly understudied in MP research. These filter-feeders extract and retain particles from the water column, across a broad size range. In this study, we carried out a laboratory experiment to assess the uptake of MPs (polyethylene, PE) by the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis, how MPs influence key biological process after different times of exposure (24h and 72h) and whether they can be subsequently eliminated. MP uptake increased with time of exposure, with 30.6% of the inoculated MP particles found in sponge samples after 72h. MPs impaired filtration and respiration rates and these effects were still evident 72h after sponges had been transferred in uncontaminated water. Our study shows that time of exposure represents a key factor in determining MP toxicity in sponges. In addition, our results suggest that sponges are able to incorporate foreign particles and may thus be a potential bioindicator for MP pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Marchi
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Cuccaro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia - Unità di Ecologia e Biologia Marina, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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F M Santana M, Kroon FJ, van Herwerden L, Vamvounis G, Motti CA. An assessment workflow to recover microplastics from complex biological matrices. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113676. [PMID: 35500374 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A criteria-guided workflow was applied to assess the effectiveness of microplastic separation methods on complex marine biological matrices. Efficacy of four methods (nitric acid, HNO3, and potassium hydroxide, KOH, digestions, and sodium chloride, NaCl, and potassium iodide, KI, density flotations) was evaluated on four taxa (hard coral, sponge, sea squirt, sea cucumber) using five microplastics (polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, PET, polyvinylchloride, rayon). Matrix clarification was only unacceptably low for KOH. PET discoloured regardless of reagent. Rayon threads unravelled into monofilaments after exposure to all reagents, with discolouration also occurring with HNO3. Recovery rates were overall high, except for dense microplastics treated with NaCl and only KI yielded high rayon recovery efficiency. All polymers were accurately assigned, with subtle spectral changes observed. These results demonstrate specific limitations to separation methods applied to different biological matrices and microplastics and highlight the need to assess their suitability to provide estimates of microplastic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina F M Santana
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University (JCU), Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Frederieke J Kroon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Lynne van Herwerden
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University (JCU), Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University (JCU), Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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11
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Microplastics: impacts on corals and other reef organisms. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:81-93. [PMID: 35137913 PMCID: PMC9023018 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in a growing problem globally. In addition to the continuous flow of plastic particles to the environment from direct sources, and through the natural wear and tear of items, the plastics that are already there have the potential to breakdown further and therefore provide an immense source of plastic particles. With the continued rise in levels of plastic production, and consequently increasing levels entering our marine environments it is imperative that we understand its impacts. There is evidence microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) pose a serious threat to all the world's marine ecosystems and biota, across all taxa and trophic levels, having individual- to ecosystem-level impacts, although these impacts are not fully understood. Microplastics (MPs; 0.1–5 mm) have been consistently found associated with the biota, water and sediments of all coral reefs studied, but due to limitations in the current techniques, a knowledge gap exists for the level of nanoplastic (NP; <1 µm). This is of particular concern as it is this size fraction that is thought to pose the greatest risk due to their ability to translocate into different organs and across cell membranes. Furthermore, few studies have examined the interactions of MNP exposure and other anthropogenic stressors such as ocean acidification and rising temperature. To support the decision-making required to protect these ecosystems, an advancement in standardised methods for the assessment of both MP and NPs is essential. This knowledge, and that of predicted levels can then be used to determine potential impacts more accurately.
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12
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Giametti SD, Finelli CM. Detection of plastic-associated compounds in marine sponges. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113141. [PMID: 34836639 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is a ubiquitous form of marine pollution and recent studies have identified threats of plastic debris and the associated chemical compounds to wildlife. Sponges pump substantial quantities of water and are important in benthic-pelagic coupling, making them susceptible to interacting with such pollutants in the water column. Here, a method to detect common plastic-associated compounds including phthalates, a phthalate metabolite, bisphenol-A, and a brominated flame retardant in sponge tissue was developed. The method was applied to samples of Xestospongia muta and Niphates digitalis from a reef in the Florida Keys. All sponge samples had quantifiable levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, with trace levels of the associated metabolite detected in some N. digitalis samples. There was no quantifiable detection of bisphenol-A, or the brominated flame retardant. This work is a preliminary assessment of the relationship between plastic marine debris and marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha D Giametti
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
| | - Christopher M Finelli
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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13
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Celis-Hernández O, Ávila E, Ward RD, Rodríguez-Santiago MA, Aguirre-Téllez JA. Microplastic distribution in urban vs pristine mangroves: Using marine sponges as bioindicators of environmental pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117391. [PMID: 34034136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sessile benthic organisms are considered good bioindicators for monitoring environmental quality of coastal ecosystems. However, these environments are impacted by new pollutants such as microplastics (MPs), where there is limited information about organisms that can be used as reliable bioindicators of these emerging contaminants. We evaluated MP concentrations in three compartments: surface sediment, water and in three marine sponge species (Haliclona implexiformis, Halichondria melanadocia and Amorphinopsis atlantica), to determine whether these organisms accumulate MPs and reflect their possible sources. Results showed MPs in all three compartments. Average concentrations ranged from 1861 to 3456 items kg-1 of dry weight in marine sponges, 130 to 287 items L-1 in water and 6 to 11 items kg-1 in sediment. The maximum MP concentration was in the sponge A. atlantica, which registered 5000 items kg-1 of dry weight, in water was 670 items L-1 and in sediment was 28 items kg-1, these values were found in the disturbed study area. The three sponge species exhibited MP bioaccumulation and showed significant differences between disturbed and pristine sites (F = 11.2, p < 0.05), suggesting their use as bioindicators of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Celis-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, C.P. 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico; Dirección de Cátedras CONACYT. Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Ávila
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, C.P. 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Raymond D Ward
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK; Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, V, EE-51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - María Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago
- Dirección de Cátedras CONACYT. Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen. C.P. 24155, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Aguirre-Téllez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, C.P. 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
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14
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Fallon BR, Freeman CJ. Plastics in Porifera: The occurrence of potential microplastics in marine sponges and seawater from Bocas del Toro, Panamá. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11638. [PMID: 34285830 PMCID: PMC8272925 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are now considered ubiquitous across global aquatic environments. The ingestion of MP by fish and other marine vertebrates is well studied, but the ingestion of MP by marine invertebrates is not. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are particularly understudied when it comes to MP ingestion, even though they are widely distributed across benthic habitats, can process large volumes of seawater, and can retain small particles within their water filtration systems. This study examines the presence of potential MP (PMP) in wild marine sponges and seawater collected in Bocas del Toro, Panamá. Subsurface seawater and tissue from six common Caribbean sponge species was collected in Saigon Bay, a heavily impacted, shallow-water coral reef. Seawater samples were filtered onto glass fiber filters to retain any PMP present and sponge tissue was digested with bleach, heated and filtered. Filters were examined using fluorescence microscopy to quantify PMP. An average of 107 ± 25 PMP L–1 was detected in seawater from Saigon Bay with particles ranging in size between 10 μm and ~3,000 μm. The number of PMP found in sponge tissue ranged between 6 ± 4 and 169 ± 71 PMP g–1 of dry tissue. Most particles found in sponge samples were very small (10–20 μm), but fibers greater than 5,000 μm were detected. Our results indicate that PMP exists within the tissues of the sponges we studied, but future studies should confirm the presence of MP in sponges using chemical analysis. Most importantly, the discrepancy between low levels of PMP in our sponge samples and high levels in the surrounding seawater highlights the potential for sponges to resist and/or egest MP. Finally, we provide a critical evaluation of our methods to improve their use in future MP work with benthic marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey R Fallon
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
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