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Yu S, Ma T, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhou M. Coupling sedimentary records of anthropogenic metal(loid)s in urban waterscape parks with the "Coal to Gas" transition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134713. [PMID: 38788570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Energy consumption structure has been adjusted worldwide as a measure to reduce CO2 emission and mitigate air pollution. The "Coal to Gas" transition in mainland China has successfully controlled air pollution in recent decades, but its impacts on the environment beyond air quality improvement remain unknown. With 210Pb dating, this study chronicled profiles of eight anthropogenic metal(loid)s in sediment core from 14 waterscape parks across the Ring Road Network of Beijing, China. Six sediment cores were dated showing a timing coupling of metal(loid) loadings with annual coal consumption during the increasing period before 2000. Two downwind sediment cores in downtown Beijing presented such couplings in both increasing and descending periods for coal consumption before and after 2000, respectively, close to the tipping point observed in 2002 for primary energy consumption efficiency. Evidence from stable Pb isotope composition and exceedances of Cu loadings against sediment quality guidelines of China and the USA suggest that vehicular sources have been dominating metal(loid) loadings in sedimentation in these waterscape parks after the "Coal to Gas" transition. These findings would be helpful in identifying environmental impact patterns resulting from shifts in energy consumption structure and dominance of emission sources thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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2
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Ray I, Misra S, Chen M, Wang X, Das R. Entrapment of atmospheric particle bound heavy metals by ferns as evidenced by lead (Pb) isotope and MixSIAR: Implications for improving air quality. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134014. [PMID: 38503208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant metal uptake can occur through both soil-root and atmospheric transfer from leaves. The latter holds potential implications for development of biofiltration systems. To explore this potential, it is crucial to understand entrapment capacity and metal sources within plants. As ferns absorb materials from atmosphere, this study focuses on two abundant fern species growing in densely populated and highly polluted regions of Eastern India. Gravimetric quantification, elemental concentration and Pb isotopic analyses were performed by segregating the ferns into distinct components: foliage dusts (loose dust (LD) and wax-bound dust (WD)) and plant tissue (leaves and roots). To understand metal sources, the study analyzes soil, and atmospheric particulates (PM10 and dust fall (DF)). Results indicate that, while LDs have soil dust influence, wax entraps atmospheric particulates and translocates them inside the leaves. Furthermore, roots demonstrate dissimilar isotopic ratios from soil, while displaying close association with atmospheric particulates. Isotopic composition and subsequent mixing model reveal dominant contribution from DF in leaves (53-73%) and roots (33-86%). Apart from DF, leaf Pb is sourced from PM10 (21-38%) with minimal contribution from soil (6-10%). Conversely, in addition to dominance from DF, roots source Pb primarily from soil (12-62%) with a meagre 2-8% contribution from PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iravati Ray
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Sambuddha Misra
- Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mengli Chen
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Reshmi Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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3
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Jia Q, Sun J, Gan Q, Shi NN, Fu S. Zea mays cultivation, biochar, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation influenced lead immobilization. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0342723. [PMID: 38393320 PMCID: PMC10986566 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03427-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cultivation can influence the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. However, the roles of soil amendments and microorganisms in crop-based phytoremediation require further exploration. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Zea mays L. cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil lead (Pb) immobilization. Our results indicated that biochar addition resulted in a significant, 42.00%, reduction in AMF colonization. Plant cultivation, AMF inoculation, and biochar addition all contributed to enhanced Pb immobilization, as evidenced by decreased levels of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid- and CaCl2-extractable Pb in the soil. Furthermore, soil subjected to plant cultivation with AMF and biochar displayed reduced concentrations of bioavailable Pb. Biochar addition altered the distribution of Pb fractions in the soil, transforming the acid-soluble form into the relatively inert reducible and oxidizable forms. Additionally, biochar, AMF, and their combined use promoted maize growth parameters, including height, stem diameter, shoot and root biomass, and phosphorus uptake, while simultaneously reducing the shoot Pb concentration. These findings suggest a synergistic effect in Pb phytostabilization. In summary, despite the adverse impact of biochar on mycorrhizal growth, cultivating maize with the concurrent use of biochar and AMF emerges as a recommended and effective strategy for Pb phytoremediation.IMPORTANCEHeavy metal contamination in soil is a pressing environmental issue, and phytoremediation has emerged as a sustainable approach for mitigating this problem. This study sheds light on the potential of maize cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation to enhance the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soil. The findings demonstrate that the combined use of biochar and AMF during maize cultivation can significantly improve Pb immobilization and simultaneously enhance maize growth, offering a promising strategy for sustainable and effective Pb phytoremediation practices. This research contributes valuable insights into the field of phytoremediation and its potential to address heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiahua Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiuyu Gan
- Miami College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan-Nan Shi
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
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4
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He L, Wang S, Huang W, Xu J, Dong Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Ning X. Response of trace elements in urban deposition to emissions in a northwestern river valley type city: 2010-2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169547. [PMID: 38160821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities release significant quantities of trace elements into the atmosphere, which can infiltrate ecosystems through both wet and dry deposition, resulting in ecological harm. Although the current study focuses on the emission inventory and deposition of trace elements, their complex interactions remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we employ emission inventories and deposition data for eight TEs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) in Lanzhou City to unveil the relationship between these two aspects. Emissions in Lanzhou can be roughly divided into two periods centered around 2017. Preceding 2017, industrial production constituted the primary source of TEs emissions except for As; coal combustion was the primary contributor to Cr, Mn, and As emissions; waste incineration played a significant role in As, Zn, and Cd emissions; biomass combustion influenced Cr and Cd emissions; and transportation sources were the predominant contributors to Pb and Cu emissions. With the establishment of waste-to-energy plants and the implementation of ultra-low emission retrofits, emissions from these sources decreased substantially after 2017. Consequently, emissions from industrial production emerged as the main source of TEs. The deposition concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Pb followed a similar trend to the emissions. However, Cd and As exhibited lower emissions and a less pronounced response relationship. Moreover, Zn concentrations fluctuated within a narrow range and showed a weaker response to emissions. The consistent changes in emissions and TEs deposition concentrations signify a shift in deposition pollution in Lanzhou city from Coal-fired pollution to that driven by transportation and industrial activities. Within this transition, the industrial production process offers significant potential for emission reduction. This insight provides a crucial foundation for managing TEs pollution and implementing strategies to prevent ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wen Huang
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yinwen Dong
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Ning
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Dai WJ, Li XD, Fu YC, Ding SY, Li QK, Zhao ZQ. Identification and contribution of potential sources to atmospheric lead pollution in a typical megacity: Insights from isotope analysis and the Bayesian mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164567. [PMID: 37268120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) enriched with lead (Pb) has severe irreversible effects on human health. Therefore, identifying the contribution of Pb emission sources is essential for protecting the health of residents. Using the Pb isotopic tracer method, this study explored the seasonal characteristics and primary anthropogenic Pb sources for atmospheric PM in Tianjin in 2019. We calculated the contribution of Pb sources using the end-member and MixSIAR models. The results showed that Pb loaded in PM10 was more abundant in January than in July, and was strongly influenced by meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. The primary Pb sources of the aerosol samples originated from coal combustion and vehicle and steel plant emissions, mainly originating from local Pb emission sources in Tianjin. The PM10-bond Pb in January was influenced by regional transportation and local sources. The MixSIAS model calculated the contribution of coal combustion as approximately 50 %. Compared with that in January, the contribution of coal combustion decreased by 9.6 % in July. Our results indicate that some of the benefits of phased-out leaded gasoline have been short-lived, whereas other industrial activities releasing Pb have increased. Furthermore, the results emphasise the practicability of the Pb isotope tracer source approach for identifying and distinguishing between different anthropogenic Pb inputs. Based on this study, scientific and effective air pollution prevention and control programs can be formulated to provide decision support for the guidance and control of air pollutant emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Dai
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Earth Science and Resource, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yu-Cong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Ding
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin-Kai Li
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- School of Earth Science and Resource, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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6
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Liu X, Chi H, Tan Z, Yang X, Sun Y, Li Z, Hu K, Hao F, Liu Y, Yang S, Deng Q, Wen X. Heavy metals distribution characteristics, source analysis, and risk evaluation of soils around mines, quarries, and other special areas in a region of northwestern Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132050. [PMID: 37459760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, based on the assessment of soil heavy metals (HMs) pollution using relevant indices, a comprehensive approach combined network environ analysis (NEA), human health risk assessment (HHRA) method and positive definite matrix factor (PMF) model to quantify the risks among ecological communities in a special environment around mining area in northwest Yunnan, calculated the risk to human health caused by HMs in soil, and analyzed the pollution sources of HMs. The integrated risks for soil microorganisms, vegetations, herbivores, and carnivores were 2.336, 0.876, 0.114, and 0.082, respectively, indicating that soil microorganisms were the largest risk receptors. The total hazard indexes (HIT) for males, females, and children were 0.542, 0.591, and 1.970, respectively, revealing a relatively high and non-negligible non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) for children. The total cancer risks (TCR) for both females and children exceeded 1.00E-04, indicating that soil HMs posed carcinogenic risks (CR) to them. Comparatively, Pb was the high-risk metal, accounting for 53.76%, 57.90%, and 68.09% of HIT in males, females, and children, respectively. PMF analysis yielded five sources of pollution, F1 (industry), F2 (agriculture), F3 (domesticity), F4 (nature), and F5 (traffic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Huajian Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Zongtao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Kan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Fangfang Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Qingwen Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
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7
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Wang Z, Dai S, Cowan EA, Dietrich M, Schlesinger WH, Wu Q, Zhou M, Seramur KC, Das D, Vengosh A. Isotopic Signatures and Outputs of Lead from Coal Fly Ash Disposal in China, India, and the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12259-12269. [PMID: 37556313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and technology to reduce the atmospheric emission of Pb from burning coal for power generation, minimal attention has been paid to Pb associated with coal ash disposal in the environment. This study investigates the isotopic signatures and output rates of Pb in fly ash disposal in China, India, and the United States. Pairwise comparison between feed coal and fly ash samples collected from coal-fired power plants from each country shows that the Pb isotope composition of fly ash largely resembles that of feed coal, and its isotopic distinction allows for tracing the release of Pb from coal fly ash into the environment. Between 2000 and 2020, approx. 236, 56, and 46 Gg Pb from fly ash have been disposed in China, India, and the U.S., respectively, posing a significant environmental burden. A Bayesian Pb isotope mixing model shows that during the past 40 to 70 years, coal fly ash has contributed significantly higher Pb (∼26%) than leaded gasoline (∼7%) to Pb accumulation in the sediments of five freshwater lakes in North Carolina, U.S.A. This implies that the release of disposed coal fly ash Pb at local and regional scales can outweigh that of other anthropogenic Pb sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shifeng Dai
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ellen A Cowan
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Matthew Dietrich
- The Polis Center, IU Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - William H Schlesinger
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhou
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keith C Seramur
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Geology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Tuccillo ME, Blue J, Koplos J, Kelly J, Wilkin RT. Complexities in attributing lead contamination to specific sources in an industrial area of Philadelphia, PA. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15666. [PMID: 37153384 PMCID: PMC10160504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, lead (Pb) contamination is one of the top ten chemical exposure issues affecting public health. The identification of specific Pb sources provides valuable information to determine assignment of liability for site cleanup, improve sampling plans and develop remedial strategies. This paper examines Pb concentrations and Pb isotopic data from samples collected at and near the site of a Pb paint production facility with a long operating history. Although high soil Pb concentrations were found at the site, Pb concentrations in surrounding neighborhoods did not simply decline with distance from the site. We evaluated soil concentrations and isotopic mixing lines to explore potential sources of Pb pollution. Three-isotope plots showed overlap of site samples and the surrounding neighborhood, consistent with pollution from the facility affecting offsite soils. A major challenge in separation of potential sources, however, is that the isotopic signatures of other potential Pb sources fall within the range of the soil data. The long operational site history, soil disturbances, the presence of nearby smelters, and other local and remote sources affect identification of lead sources. This analysis demonstrates that source attribution can be confounded by incomplete site and material sourcing information. An integrated approach that includes in-depth site characterization and an evaluation of historical activities (e.g., Pb ores used over time, amounts of Pb emitted by all area smelters, land use changes, and soil disturbances) is important for determining source attribution. This analysis provides insight into future site investigations where soil lead contamination has resulted from a long industrial history in an urban setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Blue
- ERG, 561 Virginia Rd., Suite 300, Building 4, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Jonathan Koplos
- ERG, 561 Virginia Rd., Suite 300, Building 4, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Jack Kelly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3, Four Penn Center 1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Richard T. Wilkin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 919 Kerr Research Dr., Ada, OK 74820, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Kamenov GD, Swaringen BF, Cornwell DA, McTigue NE, Roberts SM, Bonzongo JCJ. High-precision Pb isotopes of drinking water lead pipes: Implications for human exposure to industrial Pb in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162067. [PMID: 36758690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Millions of lead (Pb) pipes are still used in the drinking water distribution systems in many regions in the world. Human exposure to Pb from contaminated drinking water continues to be of concern in the United States (U.S.), as illustrated by the widely publicized "Flint Water Crisis" in 2015. The Pb isotopic composition of Pb-pipes potentially can be useful to identify human exposure to Pb from lead service lines (LSLs). In addition, as the LSLs were likely manufactured from similar industrial Pb sources as other Pb objects and materials in the USA, the Pb-pipes isotope data can provide information about the overall isotopic composition of the U.S. industrial Pb. In this work we present high-precision Pb isotope data from Pb-pipes excavated from different U.S. municipalities. The Pb-pipes show an extremely wide range of Pb isotopic compositions, with 206Pb/204Pb ranging from 17.004 to 22.010, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.460 to 15.921, and 208Pb/204Pb from 36.687 to 41.120. The wide isotope range is observed even in a single town, suggesting that no regional Pb isotope patterns can be expected within the continental USA. However, the high-precision MC-ICP-MS Pb data form a clear linear trend that, depending on the context, can be used to identify human Pb exposure. Furthermore, as the linear trend is a result of utilization of Pb ores from different domestic and international sources and secondary recycling of metallic Pb, it is likely representative of the overall isotopic composition of the U.S. industrial Pb pool. Therefore, the identified trend is the most accurate isotope representation of the U.S. anthropogenic Pb at present and can be used as first-order evaluation to determine if a person with elevated blood Pb levels was exposed to U.S. industrial Pb sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Kamenov
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Swaringen
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David A Cornwell
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Cornwell Engineering Group, Newport News, VA, USA
| | | | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jean-Claude J Bonzongo
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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10
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Li Q, Zhang W, Liao S, Xing D, Xiao Y, Zhou D, Yang Q. Mechanism of lead adsorption by a Bacillus cereus strain with indole-3-acetic acid secretion and inorganic phosphorus dissolution functions. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36869296 PMCID: PMC9985246 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal pollution has become a major source of environmental pollution because of increasing industrialization. Microbial remediation is a promising approach to remediate lead-contaminated environments owing to its cost-effective, environment-friendly, ecologically sustainable, and highly efficient properties. In this study, the growth-promoting functions and lead-adsorption ability of Bacillus cereus SEM-15 were examined, and the functional mechanism of the strain was preliminarily identified using scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum, infrared spectrum, and genome analyses, providing theoretical support for utilization of B. cereus SEM-15 in heavy metals remediation. RESULTS B. cereus SEM-15 showed strong ability to dissolve inorganic phosphorus and secrete indole-3-acetic acid. The lead adsorption efficiency of the strain at lead ion concentration of 150 mg/L was more than 93%. Single factor analysis revealed the optimal conditions for heavy metal adsorption by B. cereus SEM-15 (adsorption time, initial lead ion concentration, pH, and inoculum amount were 10 min, 50-150 mg/L, 6-7, and 5 g/L, respectively) in nutrient-free environment, with the lead adsorption rate reaching 96.58%. Scanning electron microscopy of B. cereus SEM-15 cells before and after lead adsorption showed adherence of a large number of granular precipitates to the cell surface after lead adsorption. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the characteristic peaks of Pb-O, Pb-O-R (R = functional group), and Pb-S bonds after lead adsorption, and a shift in the characteristic peaks of bonds and groups related to C, N, and O. Genome annotation results showed the presence of genes related to heavy metals tolerance and plant growth promotion in B. cereus SEM-15, providing a molecular basis for the strain's heavy metals tolerance and plant growth promotion functions. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the lead adsorption characteristics of B. cereus SEM-15 and the associated influencing factors, and discussed the adsorption mechanism and related functional genes, providing a basis for clarifying the underlying molecular mechanism and offering a reference for further research on plant-microorganisms combined remediation of heavy metals polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Li
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, GuangZhou, 510610, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, GuangZhou, 510610, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, GuangZhou, 510610, China
| | - Donglai Zhou
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, GuangZhou, 510610, China.
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11
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Dietrich M, Rader ST, Filippelli GM. Using community science for detailed pollution research: a case-study approach in Indianapolis, IN, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4269-4277. [PMID: 35971050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in urban environments, particularly lead (Pb) pollution, is a health hazard both to humans and ecological systems. Despite wide recognition of urban metal pollution in many cities, there is still relatively limited research regarding heavy metal distribution and transport at the household-scale between soils and indoor dusts-the most important scale for actual human interaction and exposure. Thus, using community-scientist-generated samples in Indianapolis, IN (USA), we applied bulk chemistry, Pb isotopes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate how detailed analytical techniques can aid in interpretation of Pb pollution distribution at the household-scale. Our techniques provide definitive evidence for Pb paint sourcing in some homes, while others may be polluted with Pb from past industrial/vehicular sources. SEM revealed anthropogenic particles suggestive of Pb paint and the widespread occurrence of Fe-rich metal anthropogenic spherules across all homes, indicative of pollutant transport processes. The variability of Pb pollution at the household scale evident in just four homes is a testament to the heterogeneity and complexity of urban pollution. Future urban pollution research efforts would do well to utilize these more detailed analytical methods on community-sourced samples to gain better insight into where the Pb came from and how it currently exists in the environment. However, these methods should be applied after large-scale pollution screening techniques such as portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), with more detailed analytical techniques focused on areas where bulk chemistry alone cannot pinpoint dominant pollution mechanisms and where community scientists can also give important metadata to support geochemical interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dietrich
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shelby T Rader
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Gabriel M Filippelli
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Luo J, Xing W, Ippolito JA, Zhao L, Han K, Wang Y, Qiu K, Li L. Bioaccessibility, source and human health risk of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in windowsill dusts from an area affected by long-term Pb smelting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156707. [PMID: 35718186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-ferrous metal smelting results in heterogenous spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals (PTM) near smelters. In this work, windowsill dusts were collected from smelting (SA) and urban (UJ) sub-areas of Jiyuan (a city affected by >70 years of Pb smelting) to investigate PTM source and bioaccessibility. The <10 μm fraction of dusts were analyzed for total and bioaccessible Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations; bioaccessibility was analyzed by a three-stage assay (i.e., lung phase, gastric phase and gastrointestinal phase) using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, L phase) followed by simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids (G and GI phases). This assay mimicked the movement of particles phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system, then transported up the oropharynx and subsequently swallowed and transported into the digestive system. Zinc had greater bioaccessible concentrations in L and GI phases than other metals, and the mean L phase bioaccessible PTM concentrations in SA were greater than in UJ. The mean L + GI phase bioaccessible concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in SA were 280, 79, 124 and 1458 mg kg-1, while those in UJ were 215, 54, 116 and 598 mg kg-1, respectively. The L phase extracted 87.7 to 98.8 % of PTM within the L + GI assay. Lead had a lower L + GI bioaccessibility than Cd, Cu and Zn (70-76 % vs. 82-92 %). Higher tolerable Cd carcinogenic risks based on bioaccessibility were found in SA sub-area than in UJ while no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risk was found for other metals. Lead isotopic ratios indicated that both Pb ore and smelting bottom ash contributed to dust Pb accumulation in SA, while coal burning, lead ore, Pb smelting bottom ash and diesel engine exhaust contributed to dust Pb accumulation in UJ. Overall, results indicated heterogenous distribution of PTM source and bioaccessibility in the vicinity of Pb smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Jiyuan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiyuan, Henan 459000, China
| | - Ke Han
- Jiyuan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiyuan, Henan 459000, China
| | - Yale Wang
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kunyan Qiu
- Jiyuan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiyuan, Henan 459000, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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13
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Xing W, Luo J, Ippolito JA, Lu R, Hao Z, Li L. Metal contamination in soils and windowsill dusts: implication of multiple sources on dust metal accumulation within a city affected by Pb smelting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68447-68459. [PMID: 35543780 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of total Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils (0-5 cm) and windowsill dust fractions (45-125, 10-45, and < 10 μm), and soil pollution indices (PI), were investigated in a long-term (~ 70 years) Pb smelter area and in the nearby urban city of Jiyuan, China. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify metal contamination sources. Results showed that mean soil Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the smelter area were 803, 13.8, 118, and 323 mg kg-1, while those of the urban area were 270, 7.95, 51.6, and 244 mg kg-1, respectively. Lead and Cd had greater soil PI than Cu and Zn. Lead concentrations in the 45-125, 10-45, and < 10-μm urban dust fractions ranged from 197.1 to 1953 (mean 1020), 202-3962 (2407), and 51.1-1258 (310.7) mg kg-1, while Cd concentrations ranged from 11.1 to 111 (49.2), 10.4-159 (64.3) and 21.5-131 (60.0) mg kg-1, respectively. Excessive Zn concentrations (5000-22,000 mg kg-1) in some urban dust samples were found at two sampling sites, while Zn concentrations were < 2600 mg kg-1 in all other samples. Based on PCA results, metal accumulation near the Pb smelter was dominated by smelting activities. The PCA results further suggested that mass vehicular transportation modes may be an important source of metals such as Cu and Zn in the urban area. Certain samples in both sub-areas had unsafe potential non-carcinogenic risks of Pb for children. These findings suggest that reducing environmentally relevant metal concentrations in this, and similar areas, will likely require a multi-faceted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - Ruilong Lu
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhongyu Hao
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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14
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Yao Q, Chen L, Mao L, Ma Y, Tian F, Wang R, Meng XZ, Li F. Co-Effects of Hydrological Conditions and Industrial Activities on the Distribution of Heavy Metal Pollution in Taipu River, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610116. [PMID: 36011761 PMCID: PMC9407723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Taipu River, after being transformed from a drainage channel to a drinking water supply river in 1995, heavy metals that have accumulated in sediments have become an environmental issue. Herein, we collected sediments of Taipu River in 2018, 2020, and 2021 and analyzed the distribution of Sb, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn to identify their sources. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were above the background values, except for Cr and As. During the non-flood season, the midstream of Taipu River becomes a heavy metal hotspot, with their concentrations 2-5 times higher than those in upstream sediment. There were significant correlations (r = 0.79-0.99) among drainage, precipitation and flow rate, which indicated that drainage caused by both the opening of Taipu Gate and precipitation control the flow rate and, then, possibly influenced the distribution of heavy metals. Moreover, three sources (industrial sources, particle deposition sources, and natural sources) were characterized as the determinants for the accumulation of heavy metal by the Positive Matrix Factorization model, with the contribution rates of 41.7%, 32.9%, and 25.4%, respectively. It is recommended that the influence of hydrological conditions and industrial activities should be a key consideration when developing regulations for the management of heavy metals in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lingchen Mao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fengyan Tian
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Hu J, Chen WP, Zhao ZQ, Lu R, Cui M, Dai WJ, Ma WM, Feng X, Wan XM, Wang N. Source tracing of potentially toxic elements in soils around a typical coking plant in an industrial area in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151091. [PMID: 34688741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coking plants are a substantial source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil. In this study, we examined the concentration of PTEs, the soil physicochemical properties, and the Pb isotopes in the soil inside and around a coking plant in an industrial city in northern China. We analyzed the spatial distribution of PTEs and the pollution risk areas by Igeo index, the enrichment factor (EF), and the Nemerow index, and we quantitatively identified the contribution of PTE pollution sources in the soil on a small- and medium-scale (plant and work section). Our results indicated that the Hg concentration inside the plant and the Cd concentration in the agricultural land around the plant were both relatively high. A comprehensive analysis of the soil in the study area was performed using the positive matrix factorization model and Pb isotope (206/207Pb, 208/206Pb) tracing method, based on the MixSIAR model, this analysis indicated that burning coal was the main source of Pb both inside (46.8%) and outside (26.3%) the coking plant. The pollution emission sources with significant influence on the soil outside the coking plant were diesel vehicles (12.5%), gas tanks (12.4%), and coke ovens (11.5%), while the sources inside the plant were quenching sections (11.1%), atmospheric deposition (11.0%), coke oven sections (9.6%), and diesel vehicles (6.1%). The results of PTE pollution risk zoning and Pb isotope tracing indicated that pollution is more serious in the western part of the plant, which is the area where coking and gas production takes place, and the most serious pollution outside the plant is mainly distributed to the southeast. This study provides theoretical and practical data indicating the contribution of industrial enterprises to soil pollution, and will help identify pollution responsibility and the management of pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Chen
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054,China
| | - Ran Lu
- Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Meng Cui
- National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China
| | - Wen-Jing Dai
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054,China
| | - Wen-Min Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xue Feng
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Particles from non-exhaust emissions derived from traffic activities are a dominant cause of toxic metal pollution in urban environments. Recently, studies applying multiple isotope values using the Iso-source and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models have begun to be used as useful tools to evaluate the contribution of each pollution source in urban environments. However, data on the metal concentrations and isotopic compositions of each potential source are lacking. Therefore, this study presents data on toxic metals and Cu, Zn, and Pb isotopic compositions in tires, which are one of the important non-exhaust emission sources.
Findings
Among the toxic metals, Zn had the highest concentration in all tire samples, and the mean concentrations were in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Sn > Sb > Ni > Cr > As > Cd. Ni, Zn, Sn, and Sb had higher concentrations in domestic tires (South Korea), and the Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were relatively higher in imported tires. The mean values of δ65CuAE647, δ66ZnIRMM3702, and 206Pb/207Pb ranged from − 1.04 to − 0.22‰, − 0.09 to − 0.03‰, and 1.1242 to 1.1747, respectively. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of Cu and Pb in the tires showed large differences depending on the product and manufacturer. However, the differences in Zn concentration and δ66ZnIRMM3702 values were very small compared with those of Cu and Pb. The relationships of the Zn concentration and isotopic composition showed that domestic tires are clearly distinguishable from imported tires. Bi-plots of Cu, Zn, and Pb isotopic compositions indicated that tires can be clearly discriminated from natural-origin and other non-exhaust traffic emission sources.
Conclusions
The multi-isotope signatures of Cu, Zn, and Pb exhibited different isotopic values for other non-exhaust traffic emission sources than for tires, and application of the multi-isotope technique may be a powerful method for distinguishing and managing non-exhaust sources of metal contamination in urban environments.
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Javorac D, Antonijević B, Anđelković M, Repić A, Bulat P, Djordjevic AB, Baralić K, Đukić-Ćosić D, Antonić T, Bulat Z. Oxidative stress, metallomics and blood toxicity after subacute low-level lead exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118103. [PMID: 34520949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) is still rising concern worldwide, having in mind that even low-dose exposure can induce various harmful effects. Thus, in-depth knowledge of the targets of Pb toxicity and corresponding mechanisms is essential. In the presented study, the six groups (male Wistar rats, n = 6) received 0.1; 0.5; 1; 3; 7; 15 mg Pb/kg body weight/day for 28 days, each day by oral gavage, while the control group received distilled water only. All animals were sacrificed 24 h after the treatment, and blood was collected for the analysis of hematological, biochemical, oxidative status and essential elements levels. An external and internal dose-response relationship was performed using PROASTweb 70.1 software. The results showed that low doses of Pb affect hematological parameters and lipid profile after 28 days. The possible mechanisms at examined Pb dose levels were a decrease in SOD, O2•- and Cu and an increase in Zn levels. The dose-dependent nature of changes in cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, O2.-, SOD, AOPP in serum and hemoglobin, Fe, Zn, Cu in blood were obtained in this study. The most sensitive parameters that were alerted are Cu blood levels (BMDL5: 1.4 ng/kg b.w./day) and SOD activity (BMDL5: 0.5 μg/kg b.w./day). The presented results provide information that may be useful in further assessing the health risks of low-level Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Anđelković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia; Health Center Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Repić
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Bulat
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović", Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Antonić
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lead Pollution, Demographics, and Environmental Health Risks: The Case of Philadelphia, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179055. [PMID: 34501644 PMCID: PMC8431549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) soil contamination in urban environments represents a considerable health risk for exposed populations, which often include environmental justice communities. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), Pb pollution is a major concern primarily due to extensive historical Pb-smelting/processing activity and legacy use of Pb-based paints and leaded gasoline. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) organized and/or compiled community-driven soil sampling campaigns to investigate Pb content in surface soils across Philadelphia. Using these data (n = 1277), combined with our own dataset (n = 1388), we explored the spatial distribution of Pb content in soils across the city using ArcGIS. While assessing Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP)-code level data, we found strong correlations between factors, such as the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels (% EBLL) and % minority population as well as between % EBLL and % children in poverty. We developed a “Lead Index” that took demographics, median measured Pb-in-soil content, and % EBLLs into account to identify ZIP codes in need of further assessment. Our results will be used to help lower the Pb-exposure risk for vulnerable children living in disproportionately burdened communities.
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