1
|
Arshad Z, Bang TH, Kim MS, Shin KH, Park HY, Hur J. Quantitative source tracking for organic foulants in ultrafiltration membrane using stable isotope probing approach. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120989. [PMID: 38101049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively identifying the primary sources of organic membrane fouling is essential for the effective implementation of membrane technology and optimal water resource management prior to the treatment. This study leveraged carbon stable isotope tracers to estimate the quantitative contributions of various organic sources to membrane fouling in an ultrafiltration system. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) and aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), two common sources, were combined in five different proportions to evaluate their mixed effects on flux decline and the consequent fouling behaviors. Generally, biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutral (LMWN) size fractions - abundantly present in EfOM - were identified as significant contributors to reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy disclosed that a protein-like component notably influenced overall membrane fouling, whereas humic-like components were predominantly responsible for irreversible fouling rather than reversible fouling. Fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX), common fluorescence source tracers, showed promise in determining the source contribution for reversible foulants. However, these optical indices were insufficient in accurately determining individual source contributions to irreversible fouling, resulting in inconsistencies with the observed hydraulic analysis. Conversely, applying a carbon stable isotope-based mixing model yielded reasonable estimates for all membrane fouling. The contribution of EfOM surpassed 60 % for reversible fouling and increased with its content in DOM source mixtures. In contrast, aquatic NOM dominated irreversible fouling, contributing over 85 %, regardless of the source mixing ratios. This study emphasizes the potential of stable isotope techniques in accurately estimating the contributions of different organic matter sources to both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Arshad
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Truong Hai Bang
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao X, He W, Fan M, He W, Shi Y, An T, Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu F, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Chen C, He J. Novel insights into source apportionment of dissolved organic matter in aquifer affected by anthropogenic groundwater recharge: Applicability of end-member mixing analysis based optical indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160885. [PMID: 36526179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The composition and main sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater may change significantly under long-term anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR); however, the impact of AGR on quantitative sources of groundwater DOM has seldom been reported. This study evaluated the applicability of optical indices combined with mixing stable isotope analysis in R (MixSIAR) in end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) of groundwater DOM. Fluorescent indices, including C1%, C2%, and C3%, were more sensitive to AGR than other absorbance indices, as indicated by the significant difference between the dominant area of artificial groundwater recharged by surface water and the dominant area of natural groundwater recharged by atmospheric precipitation (NGRP). BIX-C1% was selected as the optimal dual index after the screening protocol of groundwater DOM for EMMA. Our results showed that DOM in the aquifer was mainly subject to autochthonous DOM and the contribution of background groundwater to AGRSW and NGRP groundwater accounted for 36.15% ± 32.41% and 55.46% ± 37.17% (p < 0.05), respectively. Therefore, AGR significantly changed the native DOM in the groundwater. In allochthonous sources of DOM, sewage and surface water contributed 29.54% ± 24.87% and 21.32% ± 28.08%, and 24.79% ± 15.56% and 15.21% ± 14.20% to AGRSW and NGRP groundwater, respectively. The contribution of surface water to AGRSW groundwater was significantly higher than that to NGRP groundwater (p < 0.05), indicating that AGR introduced significantly more DOM from surface water to groundwater. This study provides novel insights into the quantitative source apportionment of DOM in groundwater under long-term AGR, which will facilitate the environmental risk assessment of present AGR measures and the sustainable management of clean water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mengqing Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tongyan An
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuibai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim MS, Lim BR, Jeon P, Hong S, Jeon D, Park SY, Hong S, Yoo EJ, Kim HS, Shin S, Yoon JK. Innovative approach to reveal source contribution of dissolved organic matter in a complex river watershed using end-member mixing analysis based on spectroscopic proxies and multi-isotopes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119470. [PMID: 36621274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river watersheds dynamically changes based on its source during a monsoon period with storm event. However, the variations in DOM in urban and rural river watersheds that are dominated by point and non-point sources have not been adequately explored to date. We developed an innovative approach to reveal DOM sources in complex river watershed systems during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) by combining multi-isotope values (δ13C-DOC, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI], biological index [BIX], humification index [HIX], and specific UV absorbance [SUVA]). Several potential end-members of DOM sources were collected from watersheds, including top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae), and different effluents (cattle and pig livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N increased during the monsoon period with an increase in the input of anthropogenic DOM, which have higher HIX values owing to the flushing effect. The results of EMMA indicate that soil and agricultural effluents accounted for a substantial contribution of anthropogenic DOM at varying rates based on seasons. We also found that results of EMMA based on combining spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC isotope values were more accurate in tracing DOM sources with respect to land-use characteristics compared to applying only spectroscopic indices. The positive relationship between FI, BIX and δ15N-NO3 were revealed that nitrate would be decomposed from DOM affected by intensive agricultural activities. In addition, consistent with the EMMA results, the molecular composition of the DOM was clearly evidenced by a large number of CHON formulas, accounting for over 50% of the total characterized compounds, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals used in agriculture farmland and livestock. Our results clearly demonstrated that EMMA based on combing multi-stable isotopes and spectroscopic indices could be trace the DOM source, which is important for understanding changes in the DOM quality, and application of nitrate isotopes and molecular analysis supports in-depth interpretation. This study provides easy and intuitive techniques for the estimation of the relative impacts of DOM sources in complex river watersheds, which can be verified in various ways rather than relying on a single technique approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Bo Ra Lim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Pilyong Jeon
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Darae Jeon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Si Yeong Park
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunkyoung Shin
- Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ki Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|