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Mu R, Cui K, Chen Y, Tang Y, Wang K, Sun S. Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of fluoride in surface water of urban typical rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175548. [PMID: 39151624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent research on fluoride in water primarily focuses on groundwater; however, the potential environmental risks of fluoride in urban rivers should not be overlooked. In 2023, this study collected 135 surface water samples from the Ershibu River in Hefei, China, during various flood periods. Through descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) modeling, hazard quotient (HQ) assessment, and Monte Carlo simulation analysis, the spatial and temporal distribution, potential sources, and health risks of fluoride were investigated. The results showed that fluoride concentrations in the Ershibu River ranged from 0 to 1.38 mg/L. According to the PCA-MLR calculations, industrial pollution (73.92 %) was identified as the main source, followed by hydrogeochemical evolution (16.10 %) and agricultural activities (9.98 %). The HQ analysis revealed that the average exceedance rates of HQ for the five exposed populations were as follows: infants (64.45 %) > young children (2.22 %) = adults (2.22 %) > children (0) = teenagers (0). Therefore, relevant authorities should improve defluoridation facilities to reduce fluoride levels in industrial and agricultural wastewater and implement measures to protect public health. Future research should investigate the migration processes and toxicity mechanisms of fluoride more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Mu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuchao Tang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Wancho Environmental-Protection Co., Ltd, Suzhou 234000, China
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Abidi JH, Elzain HE, Sabarathinam C, El Fehri RM, Farhat B, Ben Mammou A, Waterloo MJ, Yassin MA, Senapathi V. Integrated approach to understand the multiple natural and anthropogenic stresses on intensively irrigated coastal aquifer in the Mediterranean region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118757. [PMID: 38537744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the major factors influencing groundwater chemistry and its evolution in irrigation areas is crucial for efficient irrigation management. Major ions and isotopes (δD-H2O together with δ18O-H2O) were used to identify the natural and anthropogenic factors contributing to groundwater salinization in the shallow aquifer of the Wadi Guenniche Plain (WGP) in the Mediterranean region of Tunisia. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of groundwater was conducted during both the low irrigation season (L-IR) and the high irrigation season (H-IR). The results show that the variation range and average concentrations of almost all the ions in both the L-IR and H-IR seasons are high. The groundwater in both seasons is characterized by high electrical conductivity and CaMgCl/SO4 and NaCl types. The dissolution of halite and gypsum, the precipitation of calcite and dolomite, and Na-Ca exchange are the main chemical reactions in the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Wadi Guenniche Shallow Aquifer (WGSA). Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δ18O-H2O and δD-H2O) indicate that groundwater in WGSA originated from local precipitation. In the H-IR season, the δ18O-H2O and δD-H2O values indicate that the groundwater experienced noticeable evaporation. The enriched isotopic signatures reveal that the WGSA's groundwater was influenced by irrigation return flow and seawater intrusion. The proportions of mixing with seawater were found to vary between 0.12% and 5.95%, and between 0.13% and 8.42% during the L-IR and H-IR seasons, respectively. Irrigation return flow and the associated evaporation increase the dissolved solids content in groundwater during the irrigation season. The long-term human activities (fertilization, irrigation, and septic waste infiltration) are the main drives of the high nitrate-N concentrations in groundwater. In coastal irrigation areas suffering from water scarcity, these results can help planners and policy makers understand the complexities of groundwater salinization to enable more sustainable management and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Hammami Abidi
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 50, AlKhoud 123, Oman.
| | | | - Rihem Mejdoub El Fehri
- Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering and Georisk, High National School of Engineering of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Farhat
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdallah Ben Mammou
- Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, KFUPM, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- PG and Research Department of Geology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu D, Li X, Zhang Y, Bai L, Shi H, Qiao Q, Li T, Xu W, Zhou X, Wang H. Industrial fluoride emissions and their spatial characteristics in the Nansi Lake Basin, Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27273-27285. [PMID: 38507167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride emissions threaten ecological stability and human health. Previous studies have noted that industrial sources could be significant. However, quantifying industrial fluoride emissions has not been yet reported. In this study, both bottom-up and top-down approaches were used to estimate the fluoride emissions in the Nansi Lake Basin. Global and local spatial autocorrelation were adopted to reveal the spatial agglomeration effects. The fluoride emissions calculated by the bottom-up approach were larger than those calculated by the top-down method. The highest fluoride input mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Mudan. The highest fluoride emissions mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Rencheng using the bottom-up approach. The highest fluoride emissions mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Yanzhou using the top-down approach. Mining and washing of bituminous coal and anthracite (BAW) was the most significant source of fluoride input and emissions. A significant spatial agglomeration effect of fluoride emissions was found. These findings could provide a method for accurate industrial fluoride emission estimation, complement the critical data on the fluoride emissions of main industrial sectors, and provide a scientific basis for tracing fluoride sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Huijian Shi
- Center for Soil Pollution Control of Shandong, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tianran Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hejing Wang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Su C, Wang M, Xie X, Han Z, Jiang J, Wang Z, Xiao D. Natural and anthropogenic factors regulating fluoride enrichment in groundwater of the Nansi Lake Basin, Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166699. [PMID: 37660817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excess fluoride (F-) in groundwater can be hazardous to human health of local residents who rely upon it. Beside natural sources, anthropogenic input may be an additional source to be considered. Twenty surface water and 396 groundwater samples were collected from the Nansi Lake Basin, with hydrogeochemical and isotope techniques employed to clarify the spatial variability, source, and the natural and anthropogenic factors regulating the occurrence of high F- groundwater. The factors responsible for elevated F- levels in surface water and deep confined aquifers are discussed based on their hydraulic relationship. Also a conceptual model of F- enrichment with different aquifer systems is put forward based on the geomorphic units of the basin. The results show that F- concentration is between 0.1 and 6.9 mg/L in the west of Lake, while ranged from 0.03 to 1.74 mg/L in the east of Lake. The hydrogeological setting and lithology are the primary factor determining the provenance of high-fluoride groundwater in the basin. Fluoride mainly originated from the dissolution of fluorine-bearing minerals, and is affected by the alkaline groundwater environment, cation exchange, adsorption, and evaporation. The landforms on the east side of Nansi Lake are low hills and piedmont sedimentary plains, where the aquifers consist of karst fissure water and overlying porewater. High F- groundwater is not observed in this area due to its rapid flow and Ca2+-enriched hydrochemical characteristics. The anthropogenic input (such as fertilizer application on farms and illegal industrial pollutant discharge), contribute F- to groundwater in varying degrees, especially in the shallow aquifers east of the lake and in some parts west of the lake. This work is a clear example of how natural processes together with human activities can affect the chemical quality of groundwater, which is essential to safeguard the sustainable management of water resources in semi-arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhantao Han
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Soil Pollution Control of Shandong, Department of Ecological Environment of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dawei Xiao
- Center for Soil Pollution Control of Shandong, Department of Ecological Environment of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
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Chen J, Wang S, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Hu J. Identifying the hydrochemical features, driving factors, and associated human health risks of high-fluoride groundwater in a typical Yellow River floodplain, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8709-8733. [PMID: 37707643 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride enrichment (> 1.5 mg/L) in groundwater has become a global threat, particularly given the hazards to human health. This study collected 58 unconfined groundwater samples from Fengpei Plain in June 2022 for hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses combined with multiple methods to explore sources, influencing factors, and potential health hazards of groundwater F-. The results showed that groundwater F- concentration ranged from 0.08 to 8.14 mg/L, with an average of 1.91 mg/L; over 41.4% of them exceeded the acceptable level of 1.5 mg/L prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The dominant hydrochemical facies changed from Ca·Mg-HCO3 and Ca·Mg-SO4·Cl type in low-F- groundwater to Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4·Cl water types in high-F- groundwater. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and ionic correlation analysis indicated that F- is positively correlated to pH, EC, Na+, K+, SO42-, and TDS, but negatively to Ca2+ and δ18O. Groundwater F- accumulation was primarily driven by F--bearing minerals dissolution such as fluorite. Simultaneously, the carbonates precipitation, positive cation exchange processes, and salt effect were conducive to groundwater F- enrichment. However, competitive adsorption between OH-/HCO3- and F-, evaporation, and anthropogenic activities only had a weak effect on the F- enrichment in groundwater. The hazard quotient (HQ) assessment results show that 67.2% of groundwater samples pose a non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) for infants, followed by 53.4% for children, 32.8% for females, and 25.9% for males. The Monte Carlo simulation results agreed with those of the deterministic model that minors are more susceptible than adults. These findings are vital to providing insights into the geochemical behavior, driving factors, and drinking water safety of high-F- groundwater worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Li J, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Ding Q. Hydrogeochemical evidence for fluoride sources and enrichment in desert groundwater: A case study of Cherchen River Basin, northwestern China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 259:104270. [PMID: 37984164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of fluoride (F-) sources and enrichment mechanisms is imperative to understand the multiple fluorine (F) pathways, and further, to control regional diffuse F- contamination in groundwater. However, the factors that control high-F- groundwater are not fully understood in desert climate regions. Hence, a sampling campaign was conducted from 71 desert groundwater sites and six river water sites in the Cherchen River Basin (CRB), northwestern China. This study combined hydrochemical compositions with an optimized forward model, with the aim of determining the potential sources and enrichment mechanisms in F--contaminated desert groundwater. Approximately 58.46% of the samples had F- concentrations over the national standard of 1.0 mg/L. More severe F- contamination was found in the multi-layered structured confined aquifer (MCA) of the alluvial plain (1.42 ± 1.11 mg/L). The primary contributors of desert groundwater F- were the dissolution of F-bearing minerals containing evaporite (∼58.80%), silicate (∼15.89%), and carbonate (∼12.94%), followed by the river water input (∼12.08%). In contrast, anthropogenic activities (∼0.16%) and precipitation contributed less to desert groundwater F-. The dissolution equilibrium of CaF2 was important for F- enrichment in desert groundwater. Compared with the piedmont plain, intensive evaporation and salinization were more conducive to F- enrichment in the alluvial plain. Under alkaline condition, the dissolutions of evaporite and fluorite allowed extra F- to release into desert groundwater when Ca2+ and Mg2+ were up to oversaturation. Moreover, the desorption of F- was promoted by competitive adsorption of OH- and HCO3-, and the adsorption capacity of F- was weakened by cation exchange of K++Na+ with Ca2++Mg2+. As a result, desert groundwater had a higher concentration of F- in the alluvial plain. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding of multiple F pathways in desert groundwater. This study also highlights the effect of hydrogeochemical background on high-F- desert groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yinzhu Zhou
- Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qizhen Ding
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
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Yu F, Jiang L, Li Z. Distribution, enrichment mechanisms, and health risk assessment of high-fluorine groundwater in the Yudong Plain, Henan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63549-63564. [PMID: 37046166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Yudong Plain is in the eastern part of Henan Province, China, where there is little rain and high evaporation. Compared to other areas in Henan Province, the groundwater fluorine content is generally high, which affects the health of residents. Based on the systematic analysis of water chemistry data of shallow and mid-depth groundwater samples in the Yudong Plain, the causes of shallow and mid-depth high-fluorine groundwater in the Yudong Plain were explored using mathematical statistics, spatial interpolation, and ion ratios. The results show that the fluorine contents of both shallow and mid-depth groundwater in the study area are high. The shallow samples had fluorine contents ranging from 0.1 to 4.89 mg/L, with an exceedance rate of 48% and an average content of 1.15 mg/L. The fluorine content of mid-depth samples ranged from 0.14 to 3.32 mg/L, with an exceedance rate of 68% and an average content of 1.33 mg/L. The shallow high-fluorine groundwater is mainly distributed in the central low-lying area, and its main hydrochemical type is HCO3-Na·Mg; the mid-depth high-fluorine groundwater is mainly distributed in strips in the north and east of the study area, and its main water chemistry type is HCO3-Na. Fluorine enrichment in shallow groundwater in the study area is controlled by rock weathering, evaporation concentration, and competitive adsorption, while leaching and dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals in sedimentary strata are the main factors influencing fluorine enrichment in mid-depth groundwater. The results of the human health risk assessment (HRA) showed that the mean non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQs) in shallow groundwater were 0.95, 0.64, 0.57, and 0.55 for infants, children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, while the mean non-carcinogenic HQs in mid-depth groundwater were 1.11, 0.74, 0.66, and 0.63, respectively. The study provides a scientific basis for the rational development and use of groundwater in the area and offers theoretical support for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Leyu Jiang
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Chen Y, Wei X, Zeng Y, Sun Y. Identifying the factors controlling surface water and groundwater chemical characteristics and irrigation suitability in the Yarkant River Basin, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115452. [PMID: 36764430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the geochemical processes and the suitability for irrigation purposes of surface water and groundwater in the Yarkant River Basin, northwest China. The results showed that the surface water was moderately alkaline and neutral to slightly alkaline in the groundwater. The mean values for most ions in the groundwater were higher than those in the surface water. Geochemical method and hydrogen and oxygen isotope revealed that hydrochemical were mainly affected by dissolved evaporite minerals, ion exchange processes, and anthropogenic activities. Still, the geochemical processes of in surface water and groundwater were different. Additionally, three and four factors were extracted by factor analyses of surface water and groundwater, respectively, which distinguished the hydrochemical from natural origins and anthropogenic activities in more detail. The surface water and some groundwater in the south of the study area were suitable for irrigation processes. However, many groundwaters in the north were unsuitable for irrigation, because of their high sodium levels and salinity. The study results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of regional water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Geography & Resource Science of Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Tuojiang River Basin High-quality Development Research Center of Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Xing Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
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Maurya PK, Ali SA, Zaidi SK, Wasi S, Tabrez S, Malav LC, Ditthakit P, Son CT, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Yadav KK. Assessment of groundwater geochemistry for drinking and irrigation suitability in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh using GIS-based statistical inference. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29407-29431. [PMID: 36414896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quality of groundwater in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh is poorly studied despite the fact that it is the only supply of water for both drinking and irrigation and people use it without any pre-treatment. The evaluation of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation is presented in this study. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed by standard neutralisation and atomic emission spectrophotometry for major anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, F-, NO3-), cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), and heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb). The geographic information system (GIS) and statistical inferences were utilised for the spatial mapping of the groundwater's parameters. The potential water abstraction (i.e. taking water from sources such as rivers, streams, canals, and underground) for irrigation was assessed using the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Na percentage. According to the findings, the majority of the samples had higher EC, TDS, and TH levels, indicating that they should be avoided for drinking and irrigation. The positive correlation coefficient between chemical variability shows that the water chemistry of the studied region is influenced by geochemical and biological causes. According to the USSL (United States Salinity Laboratory) diagram, most of the samples fall under the C2-S1 and C3-S1 moderate to high salt categories. Some groundwater samples were classified as C4-S3 class which is unfit for irrigation and drinking. This study suggests that the groundwater in the study area is unfit for drinking without treatment. However, the majority of the samples were suitable for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Maurya
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sk Ajim Ali
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Wasi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lal Chand Malav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, RC, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Pakorn Ditthakit
- Center of Excellence in Sustainable Disaster Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Cao Truong Son
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Marina M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India.
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10
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Wang X, Weerasinghe RNN, Su C, Wang M, Jiang J. Origin and Enrichment Mechanisms of Salinity and Fluoride in Sedimentary Aquifers of Datong Basin, Northern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1832. [PMID: 36767199 PMCID: PMC9914851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of inhabitants to high fluoride and saline groundwater is the main health issue in Datong Basin, Northern China. This study aims to elucidate the spatial distribution and the mechanisms of high fluoride and salinity occurrence in the shallow sedimentary aquifers of the Datong Basin. Groundwater salinity and fluoride content, and their association with measured hydrochemical parameters, were conducted using multivariate statistical analyses. The analytical results revealed that the concentrations of fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) show dramatic variations within the study area. Around 41.4% of groundwater samples contained high-level fluoride concentration (F- > 1.5 mg/L), whereas 32.8% contained elevated-level TDS (TDS > 1000 mg/L). Both fluoride and TDS concentrations had elevated trends towards the central part of the basin. Shallow groundwater was seriously affected by evaporation and evapotranspiration, which can be the critical factors responsible for rather high TDS and F- concentrations in shallow aquifers. Water-rock reactions including silicate hydrolysis, dissolution-precipitation of carbonates and evaporates, adsorption, and ion exchange processes, as well as evapotranspiration, are the main governing factors for salinity and fluoride enrichment in groundwater. Solubility control of F-bearing and carbonate minerals is the dominant mechanism affecting F- levels. Prevailing conditions of alkaline pH, moderate TDS and Na+, high HCO3-, and lower Ca2+ content facilitate the enrichment of fluoride in the study area. Excessive evapotranspiration can be also the most influencing factor responsible for high fluoride and TDS content, due to the extended residence time of groundwater and the arid climate of the central part of the Datong Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Wang
- Henan Geological Engineering Survey Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | - Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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11
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Zhang L, Qu J, Gui D, Liu Q, Ahmed Z, Liu Y, Qi Z. Analysis of desertification combating needs based on potential vegetation NDVI-A case in the Hotan Oasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1036814. [PMID: 36589049 PMCID: PMC9796996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combating desertification is vital for arresting land degradation and ensuring sustainable development of the global ecological environment. This study has analyzed the current desertification status and determined its control needs based on the difference between potential normalized difference vegetation index (PNDVI) and actual normalized difference vegetation index (ANDVI) in the Hotan desertoasis. The MaxEnt model, combined with the distribution point data of natural vegetation with long-term stable normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 24 environmental factors was used to predict the PNDVI spatial distribution of different vegetation coverage grades and compared it with ANDVI. Excluding the areas of intense human activity such as arable land, the simulation results show that PNDVI with high, medium, and low vegetation cover was mainly distributed in the southwest and southeast of Hotan Oasis, in the midstream and downstream of Kalakash River and Yulong Kashi River, and the desert or Gobi area outside the oasis, respectively. The distribution of PNDVI with high, medium, and low vegetation cover accounted for 6.80%, 7.26%, and 9.17% of Hotan oasis, respectively. The comparison between ANDVI and PNDVI shows that 18.04% (ANDVI < PNDVI, about 3900 km2) of the study area is still suffering from desertification, which is mainly distributed in the desert-oasis ecotone in Hotan. The findings of this study implied that PNDVI could be used to assess the desertification status and endorsement of desertification control measures in vulnerable ecosystems. Hence, PNDVI can strengthen the desertification combating efforts at regional and global scales and may serve as a reference point for the policymakers and scientific community towards sustainable land development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- University of Cinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Qu
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongwei Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- McGill University, Department of Bioresource Engn, Saitne Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada
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12
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Yang F, Jia C, Yang X, Yang H, Chang W. Probabilistic potential health risk quantification, hydrochemistry, driving forces of groundwater nitrate and fluoride in a typical irrigation district, Northern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116171. [PMID: 36261975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the foremost water source of agricultural irrigation areas in northern China. However, the problem from excessive geogenic fluoride and anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater and its potential health risks are often neglected. This paper aims to identify the health threats, water quality and hydrochemistry in Weibei Plain, northern China. A total of 50 water samples collected in May 2021 were assessed by hydrogeochemical analysis, the entropy weight water quality index method and probabilistic human health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo stochastic simulation. The results showed that the hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater was mainly SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg type. The rock weathering and cation exchanges were found to the important processes influencing hydrochemistry. The quality of surface water was higher than that of groundwater, with Class IV and Class V groundwater samples concentrated in the northwest of the study area. The F- concentration in groundwater samples generally exceeded the drinking water standard, which mainly came from mineral dissolution affected by excessive irrigation. Nitrate pollution in groundwater has regional characteristics, mainly from agricultural activities. Long-term use of groundwater might bring risks to residents' health, because more than 65% and 23% of groundwater samples exceeded the acceptable non-carcinogenic risk limits of F- and NO3- to children, respectively. Considering the uncertainty of model parameters, children will have a probability of more than 46.9% and 12.6% to face F- and NO3- risks in groundwater. Compared with NO3-, the high concentration of F- in groundwater posed a higher threat to human health, and children faced higher risks. Compared with the deterministic method, the stochastic simulation can more accurately reflect health risks. The findings of this study can help policymakers devise strategies to ensure a safe supply of domestic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenbo Chang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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13
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Xu P, Bian J, Li Y, Wu J, Sun X, Wang Y. Characteristics of fluoride migration and enrichment in groundwater under the influence of natural background and anthropogenic activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120208. [PMID: 36162561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive enrichment of fluoride threatens ecological stability and human health. The high-fluoride groundwater in the Chagan Lake area has existed for a long time. With the land consolidation and irrigation area construction, the distribution and migration process of fluoride have changed. It is urgent to explore the evolution of fluoride under the dual effects of nature and human. Based on 107 groundwater samples collected in different land use periods, hydrogeochemistry and isotope methods were combined to explore the evolution characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes of fluoride in typical high-fluoride background area and elucidate the impact of anthropogenic activities on fluoride migration. The results indicate that large areas of paddy fields are developed from saline-alkali land, and its area has increased by nearly 30%. The proportion of high-fluoride groundwater (>2 mg/L) has increased by nearly 10%, mainly distributed in the new irrigation area. Hydrogeochemical processes such as dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals, precipitation of carbonate minerals and exchange of Na+, Ca2+ on the water-soil interface control the enrichment of fluoride. The groundwater d-excess has no obvious change with the increase of TDS, and human activities are one of the reasons for the increase of fluoride. The concentration of fluoride is diluted due to years of diversion irrigation in old irrigation area, whereas the enrichment of δ2H, δ18O and Cl- in new irrigation area indicates that the vertical infiltration of washing alkali and irrigation water brought fluoride and other salts to groundwater. Fertilizer and wastewater discharges also contribute to the accumulation of fluoride, manifesting as co-increasing nitrate and chloride salts. The results of this study provide a new insight into fluoride migration under anthropogenic disturbance in high-fluoride background areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yihan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Juanjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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