Combined effects of bisphenol A and diabetes genetic risk score on incident type 2 diabetes: A nested case-control study

Environmental triggers of autoimmunity: The association between bisphenol analogues and systemic lupus erythematosus

The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between the exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs), such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS), and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was utilized to measure the levels of BPA, BPF, and BPS in the urine of 168 female participants diagnosed with SLE and 175 female participants who were deemed healthy controls. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the connections between levels of bisphenol and the risk of SLE. The findings indicated that levels of BPA and BPF in the urine of individuals with SLE were markedly elevated compared to those in the control group. Higher exposure to BPA and BPF exhibited positive dose-response relationships with increased SLE risk. No significant associations were identified between BPS and the risk of SLE. These findings suggest exposure to BPA and BPF may be implicated as novel environmental triggers in the development of autoimmunity such as SLE. The significantly increased levels of these bisphenol analogues detected in SLE patients versus healthy controls, along with the associations between higher exposures and elevated SLE risk, which offers crucial hints for comprehending how endocrine-disrupting substances contribute to the genesis of autoimmune illnesses. Further research using robust longitudinal assessments of bisphenol analogue exposures is warranted to corroborate these epidemiological findings. Overall, this study highlights potential environmental risk factors for SLE while calling for additional investigation into the impact of bisphenol exposures on autoimmunity development.

Endocrine disrupting chemical Bisphenol A and its association with cancer mortality: a prospective cohort study of NHANES

Introduction

There is evidence suggesting that Bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with increased all-cause mortality in adults. However, the specific nature of the relationship between BPA exposure and cancer mortality remains relatively unexplored.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was used to recruit participants. Urinary BPA was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS). Through the use of multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions and constrained cubic splines, the relationships between urine BPA and death from all causes and cancer were investigated.

Results

This study has a total of 8,035 participants, and 137 died from cancers after a 7.5-year follow-up. The median level of BPA was 2.0 g/mL. Urinary BPA levels were not independently associated with all-cause mortality. For cancer mortality, the second quartile's multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio was 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.30 to 0.86; p = 0.011) compared to the lowest quartile. The restricted cubic splines showed that the association was nonlinear (p for nonlinearity = 0.028) and the inflection point was 1.99 ng/mL.

Conclusion

Urinary BPA exposure was U-shaped associated with the risk of cancer mortality, and a lower level of BPA less than 1.99 ng/mL was associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality.

Bisphenol A contamination in aquatic environments: a review of sources, environmental concerns, and microbial remediation

The production of polycarbonate, a high-performance transparent plastic, employs bisphenol A, which is a prominent endocrine-disrupting compound. Polycarbonates are frequently used in the manufacturing of food, bottles, storage containers for newborns, and beverage packaging materials. Global production of BPA in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million tonnes. About 65-70% of all bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastics. Bisphenol A leaches from improperly disposed plastic items and enters the environment through wastewater from plastic-producing industries, contaminating, sediments, surface water, and ground water. The concentration BPA in industrial and domestic wastewater ranges from 16 to 1465 ng/L while in surface water it has been detected 170-3113 ng/L. Wastewater treatment can be highly effective at removing BPA, giving reductions of 91-98%. Regardless, the remaining 2-9% of BPA will continue through to the environment, with low levels of BPA commonly observed in surface water and sediment in the USA and Europe. The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate, with PubMed listing more than 17,000 scientific papers as of 2023. Bisphenol A poses environmental and health hazards in aquatic systems, affecting ecosystems and human health. While several studies have revealed its presence in aqueous streams, environmentally sound technologies should be explored for its removal from the contaminated environment. Concern is mostly related to its estrogen-like activity, although it can interact with other receptor systems as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Present review article encompasses the updated information on sources, environmental concerns, and sustainable remediation techniques for bisphenol A removal from aquatic ecosystems, discussing gaps, constraints, and future research requirements.

Food contaminants and potential risk of diabetes development: A narrative review

The number of people diagnosed with diabetes continues to increase, especially among younger populations. Apart from genetic predisposition and lifestyle, there is increasing scientific and public concern that environmental agents may also contribute to diabetes. Food contamination by chemical substances that originate from packaging materials, or are the result of chemical reactions during food processing, is generally recognized as a worldwide problem with potential health hazards. Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA) and acrylamide (AA) have been the focus of attention in recent years, due to the numerous adverse health effects associated with their exposure. This paper summarizes the available data about the association between phthalates, BPA and AA exposure and diabetes. Although their mechanism of action has not been fully clarified, in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies have made significant progress toward identifying the potential roles of phthalates, BPA and AA in diabetes development and progression. These chemicals interfere with multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis and can aggravate the symptoms of diabetes. Especially concerning are the effects of exposure during early stages and the gestational period. Well-designed prospective studies are needed in order to better establish prevention strategies against the harmful effects of these food contaminants.

A computational technique for the Caputo fractal-fractional diabetes mellitus model without genetic factors

The concept of a Caputo fractal-fractional derivative is a new class of non-integer order derivative with a power-law kernel that has many applications in real-life scenarios. This new derivative is applied newly to model the dynamics of diabetes mellitus disease because the operator can be applied to formulate some models which describe the dynamics with memory effects. Diabetes mellitus as one of the leading diseases of our century is a type of disease that is widely observed worldwide and takes the first place in the evolution of many fatal diseases. Diabetes is tagged as a chronic, metabolic disease signalized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which results over time in serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves in the body. The present study is devoted to mathematical modeling and analysis of the diabetes mellitus model without genetic factors in the sense of fractional-fractal derivative. At first, the critical points of the diabetes mellitus model are investigated; then Picard's theorem idea is applied to investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the model under the fractional-fractal operator. The resulting discretized system of fractal-fractional differential equations is integrated in time with the MATLAB inbuilt Ode45 and Ode15s packages. A step-by-step and easy-to-adapt MATLAB algorithm is also provided for scholars to reproduce. Simulation experiments that revealed the dynamic behavior of the model for different instances of fractal-fractional parameters in the sense of the Caputo operator are displayed in the table and figures. It was observed in the numerical experiments that a decrease in both fractal dimensions ζ and ϵ leads to an increase in the number of people living with diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of BPA and BPS exposure in the general population in Guangzhou, China - Estimation of daily intakes based on urinary metabolites

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) has garnered considerable global health concerns. In this paper, the daily intake (DI) of BPA and BPS in the general population of Guangzhou, China, were back-calculated using the biomarkers BPA glucuronides (BPA-G) and BPS glucuronides (BPS-G), respectively. The biomarkers are preferable to total BPA and BPS measurements because they are not susceptible to external contamination. A total of 1440 urine samples were gathered from the general population in Guangzhou, China, which were classified by age and sex into 36 pooled urine samples. 100% and 98% of pooled urine samples contained BPA-G and BPS-G at median values of 1.57 and 0.38 ng/mL, respectively. Based on urinary BPA-G and BPS-G concentrations, we determined the median DI of BPA and BPS to be 31.07 and 7.37 ng/(kg bw*d), respectively, and the highest values to be 106.77 ng/(kg bw*d) and 18.19 ng/(kg bw*d), respectively. Furthermore, our results showed that for the entire dataset, the DI of BPA and BPS were considerably greater in males than in females (p < 0.01)and declined significantly with age (p < 0.05). For risk assessment, the estimated DIs of BPA and BPS were much lower than the European Food Safety Authority^' s (EFSA) the temporary acceptable reference dose of 4 μg/(kg bw*d) advised for BPA, suggesting that the exposure risk of BPA and BPS for Guangzhou population is within a controllable safety range. This is the first study to investigate BPA and BPS exposure in the general population of Guangzhou, China, on the basis of urinary metabolites.