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Giráldez P, Varela Z, Di Guardo A, Terzaghi E, Celeiro M, García-Jares C, Fernández JÁ, Aboal JR. Relationship between foliar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations and plant traits: Intracanopy variability for a broadleaf species in an urban environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173698. [PMID: 38830422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The emission of potentially harmful compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the resulting air pollution is a serious problem in modern cities. It is therefore important to develop mitigation strategies, such as "smart" planting of trees that act as sinks for PAHs. However, the intra-individual (within-tree) variability in leaf PAH concentrations remains unknown. In this paper, we studied 15 ornamental apple trees (Malus × moerlandsii 'Profusion') growing on a main street in a medium-sized city in Galicia (NW Spain). We determined the PAH concentrations at 12 canopy positions in each tree (2 orientations and 2 distances from the trunk at 3 heights), measured various ecological traits (specific leaf area [SLA], δ13C, stomatal density, fatty acid contents and leaf hairiness) and analyzed the variability in traits within the canopy in relation to PAH concentrations. We observed high intra-individual variability in the PAH concentrations and the leaf traits. Statistical analyses revealed that leaf height was the main source of variability both in the PAH concentrations and in the traits, mainly due to the leaf morphology, particularly to the SLA. Therefore, the ideal vegetation to remove PAHs would be high leaf biomass trees, not too tall and with a high proportion of shade leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Giráldez
- CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Zulema Varela
- CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 21100, Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 21100, Italy
| | - María Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Jares
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - J Ángel Fernández
- CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús R Aboal
- CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Wang F, Zhao D, Lu P, Zhang D, Guo Z, Rose NL, Zhang G. Air-plant interaction and air-soil exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a large human-influenced reservoir in southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124216. [PMID: 38797350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is totally manmade, strongly influenced by anthropogenic activity, and lies on the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The periodic storage and discharge of water from the Three Gorges Dam could have altered the original air-plant/soil interactions of contaminants in TGR. Herein, paired atmospheric gas-particle, air-plant, and air-soil samples were collected to investigate the air-plant interaction and air-soil exchange of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The air-plant interaction based on McLachlan's framework to our datasets suggests that PAHs were absorbed via gaseous deposition that was restricted by the plant-gas dynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium indicates a dynamic balance between the gaseous phase and plant surface in PAH absorption. The main limiting factor influencing the PAH uptake was the plant species rather than the atmospheric PAH concentration. The air-soil exchange of PAHs exhibited a net volatilization flux of 16.71 ng/m2/d from the soil to the air based on annual average. There was more volatilization and less deposition in summer and more deposition and less volatilization in autumn and winter. The soil serves as a secondary source of atmospheric PAHs. As the first attempt on probing the multi-interface geochemical process of PAHs, this study highlights the influence of manual water level manipulation from the TGD and environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and soil properties) on the regional fate of PAHs in the TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region' s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 401120, China.
| | - Daiyin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region' s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peili Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region' s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region' s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Isinkaralar K, Isinkaralar O, Koc I, Cobanoglu H, Canturk U. Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:689. [PMID: 38958781 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Koc
- Department of Forest Engineering, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
| | | | - Ugur Canturk
- Institute of Science, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
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Falakdin P, Lopez-Rosales A, Andrade J, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Comparison of microplastic type, size, and composition in atmospheric and foliage samples in an urban scenario. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123911. [PMID: 38604308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The rising trend of plastic production in last years and the inadequate disposal of related waste has raised concerns regarding microplastic-related environmental issues. Microplastic particles disperse by means of transport and deposition processes to different ecosystems and enter food chains. In this paper, atmospheric deposition and foliage samples of two species (i.e., Hedera helix and Photinia glabra) were collected and analysed for the quantity and identity of microplastics (MPs). A preliminary methodology to treat foliage samples and subsequently identify MPs using a quantum cascade laser IR spectrophotometer is presented. The treatment of airborne samples involved filtration, mild digestion, concentration, and transfer onto reflective slides whereas that for foliage involved washing, concentration, and transference of putative MPs onto reflective slides. Fibers and fragments were differentiated according to their physical features (size, width, height, etc.) and calculating derived characteristics (namely, circularity and solidity). The preliminary results obtained suggest a good agreement between atmospheric-deposited and foliage-retained MPs, showing the capability of leaves to act as passive samplers for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Adrian Lopez-Rosales
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jose Andrade
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain.
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Deng Y, Peng L, Li Z, Xu W, Ren G, Wang F. First determination on two kinds of microplastic-air partition coefficients of seven per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances under environmentally relative conditions: Experiment measurement and model prediction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132042. [PMID: 37480612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the environment are the sink and vector of organic contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Although PFASs are low- and non-volatile compounds, they have the potential to partition and diffuse from MP into the gas phase in the environmental functions. Herein, the MP-air partition coefficient (KPA) of seven PFASs was measured using a solid-fugacity meter. The PFAS KPA values in two MPs (high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)) were determined under different times, temperatures, and relative humidities (RH), and a model was developed to predict the PFAS KPA values based on the measured data. The results showed that the KPA of PFASs increased with the prolonged partition time until 90 mins, and higher temperature and RH facilitated the distribution of PFASs in MPs into the air phase, leading to smaller KPA values. Moreover, the derived equation for predicting PFAS log KPA values was robust with 0.79 of an adjusted square of correlation coefficient (R2adjusted = 0.79) and 0.35 of root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.35). These findings provided the first knowledge for understanding the partition behavior and fate of PFASs in the MP-air microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lin Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhendong Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Shenzhen Environmental Monitoring Center, Shenzhen 518049, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Tian S, Liu Q, Qu J, Yang M, Ma Q, Liu J, Shao P, Liu Y. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis on the Leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. under Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. TOXICS 2023; 11:610. [PMID: 37505575 PMCID: PMC10386715 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of plants can be recommended as a cheap and sustainable environmental protection tool to mitigate PAHs with high toxicity in the ambient environment because they can serve as a reactor to remove ambient PAHs. Although previous studies have demonstrated that PAHs exhibit toxicological features, our knowledge about how ambient PAHs influence the leaves of plants is limited regarding the leaves of plants reducing ambient PAHs as a reactor. In this study, 1-year-old Rosa chinensis Jacq. with good growth potential was selected as a model plant. The leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. were exposed to 16 types of PAHs in the environmental concentration exposure group (0.1 μg L-1) and high-concentration exposure group (5 μg L-1) for seven days. In comparison, the leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. were exposed to de-ionized water and were chosen as the control group. During the exposure periods, the physiological parameters of leaves including, chlorophyll value, water content, temperature and nitrogen, were monitored using a chlorophyll meter. After 7 days of exposure, the leaves in the control and exposure groups were collected and used for whole-transcriptome analysis. Our results demonstrate that significant differentially expressed genes were observed in the leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. exposed to individual PAHs at 5 μg L-1 compared to the control group. These differentially expressed genes were involved in seven main pathways using bioinformatic analyses. In contrast, the levels of PAHs at environmentally relevant concentrations had negligible impacts on the physiological parameters and the gene transcription levels of the leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. Our results may provide direct evidence to remove ambient PAHs using terrestrial trees without considering the risk of PAHs at environmentally relevant concentrations on the leaves of terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Tian
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingming Qu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Qiaoyun Ma
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Peng Shao
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
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Sanli G, Celik S, Joubi V, Tasdemir Y. Concentrations, phase exchanges and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) In Bursa-Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116344. [PMID: 37290625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the pollution levels derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, plant and soil samples and to reveal the PAH exchange at the soil-air, soil-plant and plant-air interfaces. In this context, air and soil samples were collected in approximately 10-day periods between June 2021 and February 2022 from a semi-urban area in Bursa, an industrial city with a dense population. Also, plant branch samples were collected for the last three months. Total PAH concentrations in the atmosphere (∑16PAH) and soil (∑14PAH) ranged from 4.03 to 64.6 ng/m3 and 13-189.4 ng/g DM, respectively. PAH levels in the tree branches varied between 256.6 and 419.75 ng/g DM. In all air and soil samples, PAH levels were low in the summer and reached higher values in the winter. 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds, and their distribution in air and soil samples varied between 28.9%-71.9% and 22.8%-57.7%, respectively. According to the results of diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA), both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources were found to be effective in PAH pollution in the sampling region. The fugacity fraction (ff) ratio and net flux (Fnet) values indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from soil to air. In order to better understand the PAH movement in the environment, soil-plant exchange calculations were also achieved. The ratio of ∑14PAH values measured to modeled concentrations (1.19<ratio<1.52) revealed that the model worked well for the sampling region and produced reasonable results. The ff and Fnet levels showed that branches were saturated with PAHs and the direction of PAH movement was from plant to soil. The plant-air exchange results indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from plant to air for low molecular weight PAHs and the opposite was true for compounds with high molecular weight ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Sanli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Semra Celik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Viam Joubi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
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