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Ning H, Jiang W, Sheng Y, Wang K, Chen S, Zhang Z, Liu F. Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen contamination in water ecosystems of the Miyun reservoir watershed, northern China: distribution, source apportionment and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:278. [PMID: 38958772 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Miyun Reservoir plays a vital role as a source of drinking water for Beijing, however it grapples with nitrogen contamination issues that have been poorly understood in terms of their distribution, source, and associated health risks. This study addresses this knowledge gap by employing data on nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), chloride (Cl-), dual isotopic compositions of NO3- (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) data in water ecosystems, systematically exploring the distribution, source and health risk of nitrogen contaminants in Miyun reservoir watersheds. The results showed that over the past 30 years, surface water runoff has exhibited a notable decrease and periodic fluctuations due to the combined influence of climate and anthropogenic activities, while the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in aquatic ecosystems presented an annual fluctuating upward trend. The TN concentration in the wet season was predominantly elevated because a large amount of nitrogen contaminants migrated into water ecosystems through heavy rainfall or river erosion. The concentration of NO3--N, the main contaminant of the water ecosystems, showed distinct variations across different watersheds, followed as rivers over the Miyun reservoir. Moreover, NO3--N levels gradually increased from upstream to downstream in different basins. NO3--N in surface water was mainly derived from the mixture of agricultural ammonia fertilizer and sewage and manure, with a minority of samples potentially undergoing denitrification. Comparatively, the main sources of NO3--N in groundwater were soil N and sewage and manure, while the denitrification process was inactive. The carcinogenic risks caused by NO3--N in groundwater were deemed either nonexistent or minimal, while the focus should predominantly be on potential non-carcinogenic risks, particularly for infants and children. Therefore, it is crucial to perform proactive measures aimed at safeguarding water ecosystems, guided by an understanding of the distribution, sources, and associated risks of nitrogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ning
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kailin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Damage Identification and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Sheming Chen
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Futian Liu
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
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Correa-Abril J, Stahl U, Cabrera EV, Parra YJ, Vega MA, Taamalli S, Louis F, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Adsorption dynamics of Cd 2+(aq) on microwave-synthetized pristine biochar from cocoa pod husk: Green, experimental, and DFT approaches. iScience 2024; 27:109958. [PMID: 38840843 PMCID: PMC11152673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar obtained via microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) at 720 W and 15 min from cocoa pod husk (CPH) is an efficient adsorbent of Cd2+(aq). Biochar of residual biomass of CPH (BCCPH) possesses favorable physicochemical and morphological properties, featuring a modest surface area yet a suitable porous structure. Adsorption, predominantly governed by physisorption, is influenced by the oxygen-containing active sites (-COOR, -C(R)O, and -CH2OR; R = H, alkyl). CdCO3 formation occurs during adsorption. Experimental data were well-fitted into various kinetic models for a broad understanding of the sorption process. Langmuir model indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.694 mg/g. The thermodynamic study confirms the spontaneous and endothermic sorption. Studies at the molecular level have revealed that the Cd2+ ion tends to bind to surface aromatic carbon atoms. This sustainable approach produces BCCPH via MAP as a solution for waste transformation into water-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Correa-Abril
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
- Facultad de Posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Stahl
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Elvia V. Cabrera
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Yonathan J. Parra
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleos y Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Jerónimo Leyton y Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Michael A. Vega
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleos y Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Jerónimo Leyton y Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Taamalli
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère – PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florent Louis
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère – PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
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Yu W, Zheng T, Guo B, Tao Y, Liu L, Yan N, Zheng X. Coupling of polyhydroxybutyrate and zero-valent iron for enhanced treatment of nitrate pollution within the Permeable Reactive Barrier and its downgradient aquifer. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121060. [PMID: 38181646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) have been utilized for mitigating nitrate pollution in groundwater systems through the use of solid carbon and iron fillers that release diverse nutrients to enhance denitrification efficiency. We conduct laboratory column tests to evaluate the effectiveness of PRBs in remediating nitrate pollution both within the PRB and in the downgradient aquifer. We use an iron-carbon hydrogel (ICH) as PRB filler, which has different weight ratios of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI). Results reveal that denitrification in the downgradient aquifer accounts for at least 19.5 % to 32.5 % of the total nitrate removal. In the ICH, a higher ratio of PHB to mZVI leads to higher contribution of the downgradient aquifer to nitrate removal, while a lower ratio results in smaller contribution. Microbial community analysis further reveals that heterotrophic and mixotrophic bacteria dominate in the downgradient aquifer of the PRB, and their relative abundance increases with a higher ratio of PHB to mZVI in the ICH. Within the PRB, autotrophic and iron-reducing bacteria are more prevalent, and their abundance increases as the ratio of PHB to mZVI in the ICH decreases. These findings emphasize the downgradient aquifer's substantial role in nitrate removal, particularly driven by dissolved organic carbon provided by PHB. This research holds significant implications for nutrient waste management, including the prevention of secondary pollution, and the development of cost-effective PRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yu
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tianyuan Zheng
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Yiheng Tao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544, USA
| | - Lecheng Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xilai Zheng
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Wang D, Li P, Yang N, Yang C, Zhou Y, Li J. Distribution, sources and main controlling factors of nitrate in a typical intensive agricultural region, northwestern China: Vertical profile perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116911. [PMID: 37597825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) pollution of groundwater is a global concern in agricultural areas. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and destiny of nitrate in soil and groundwater within intensive agricultural areas, this study employed a combination of chemical indicators, dual isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), random forest model, and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR). These approaches were utilized to examine the spatial distribution of NO3- in soil profiles and groundwater, identify key variables influencing groundwater nitrate concentration, and quantify the sources contribution at various depths of the vadose zone and groundwater with different nitrate concentrations. The results showed that the nitrate accumulation in the cropland and kiwifruit orchard at depths of 0-400 cm increased, leading to subsequent leaching of nitrate into deeper vadose zones and ultimately groundwater. The mean concentration of nitrate in groundwater was 91.89 mg/L, and 52.94% of the samples exceeded the recommended grade III value (88.57 mg/L) according to national standards. The results of the random forest model suggested that the main variables affecting the nitrate concentration in groundwater were well depth (16.6%), dissolved oxygen (11.6%), and soil nitrate (10.4%). The MixSIAR results revealed that nitrate sources vary at different soil depths, which was caused by the biogeochemical process of nitrate. In addition, the highest contribution of nitrate in groundwater, both with high and low concentrations, was found to be soil nitrogen (SN), accounting for 56.0% and 63.0%, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure and sewage (M&S). Through the identification of NO3- pollution sources, this study can take targeted measures to ensure the safety of groundwater in intensive agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ningning Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunliu Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Martín MT, Valdepeñas Polo L, González Yélamos J, Cuevas Rodríguez J. Ammonium concentration in stream sediments resulting from decades of discharge from a wastewater treatment plant. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21860. [PMID: 38027734 PMCID: PMC10660492 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of ammonium pollution in the sediments of a stream that receives wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge has been carried out. It is urgently necessary to find environmental indicators that can help prevent and detect potential contamination of water, as water is an increasingly scarce resource. To understand the behaviour of ammonium ions introduced by a historical (50-year) contamination process, vertical boreholes were drilled in the stream banks to depths between 30 and 120 cm. Moisture, pH, ammonium (soluble and exchangeable), and clay fraction content were analysed. The variation profile of these parameters was evaluated as a function of depth to determine factors related to the distribution of ammonium in several locations along the stream banks. The ammonium concentration was asymmetrically distributed among samples collected in near-surface locations, with ammonium concentrations between 0.3048 mmol/kg soil and 0.0007 mmol/kg soil. Ammonium was typically concentrated at sediment depths of 30-40 cm, which also exhibited the highest clay fraction content. High positive correlations were detected (r > 0.8; p < 0.0001) among the different ammonium variables (exchanged and dissolved species). No contamination effect was observed below 60-70 cm depth, which was due to ammonium retention in a natural barrier layer of clayey sediment. The clays in our study area (previously identified as smectite, a 2:1 sheet silicate) were able to control the contamination by retaining ammonium in the interlayers, which retarded nitrification. It is suggested that clay could serve as a geo-indicator of ammonium pollution evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tijero Martín
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Valdepeñas Polo
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González Yélamos
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cuevas Rodríguez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Han D, Hou Q, Song J, Liu R, Qian Y, Huang G. Groundwater antibiotics contamination in an alluvial-pluvial fan, North China Plain: Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116653. [PMID: 37451578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in groundwater have received widespread concern because high levels of them harm aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study aims to investigate the concentration, distribution, ecological and human health risks as well as potential sources of antibiotics in groundwater in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, North China Plain. A total of 84 groundwater samples and nine surface water samples were collected, and 35 antibiotics were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that 12 antibiotics were detected in surface water with the total concentrations ranging from 5.33 ng/L to 64.73 ng/L. Macrolides were the primary category of antibiotics with a detection frequency of 77.8% (mean concentration: 9.14 ng/L). By contrast, in shallow granular aquifers (<150 m), 23 antibiotics were detected and the total concentrations of them ranged from below the method detection limit to 465.26 ng/L (detection frequency: 39.7%). Quinolones were the largest contributor of antibiotics with detection frequency and mean concentration of 32.1% and 12.66 ng/L, respectively. And ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were the two preponderant individual antibiotics. The mean concentration of groundwater antibiotics in peri-urban areas was approximately 1.7-4.9 times that in other land use types. Livestock manure was the predominant source of antibiotics in groundwater. Erythromycin, sulfametoxydiazine, ofloxacin, and cinoxacin exhibited medium ecological risks to aquatic organisms. All antibiotics posed no risks to human health. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the occurrence and management of antibiotic contamination in the groundwater in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Han
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Qinxuan Hou
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Jiangmin Song
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Ruinan Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Guanxing Huang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
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