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Premranjith P, King W, Ashley-Martin J, Borghese MM, Bouchard M, Foster W, Arbuckle TE, Velez MP. Maternal exposure to metals and time-to-pregnancy: The MIREC cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:589-597. [PMID: 38239019 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between maternal exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury, time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and infertility. DESIGN Pregnancy-based retrospective TTP cohort study. SETTING Hospitals and clinics from ten cities across Canada. POPULATION A total of 1784 pregnant women. METHODS Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury were measured in maternal whole blood during the first trimester of pregnancy as a proxy of preconception exposure. Discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models generated fecundability odds ratios (FOR) for the association between metals and TTP. Logistic regression generated odds ratios (OR) for the association between metals and infertility. Models were adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education, income, recruitment site and plasma lipids. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TTP was self-reported as the number of months of unprotected intercourse to become pregnant. Infertility was defined as TTP longer than 12 months. RESULTS A total of 1784 women were eligible for the analysis. Mean ± SD maternal age and gestational age at interview were 32.2 ± 5.0 years, and 11.6 ± 1.6 weeks, respectively. Exposure to arsenic, cadmium, manganese or mercury was not associated with TTP or infertility. Increments of one standard deviation of lead concentrations resulted in a shorter TTP (adjusted FOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16); however, the association was not linear when exposure was modelled in tertiles. CONCLUSION Blood concentrations of metals at typical levels of exposure among Canadian pregnant women were not associated with TTP or infertility. Further studies are needed to assess the role of lead, if any, on TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Premranjith
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryse Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Warren Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria P Velez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wang W, Hong X, Zhao F, Wu J, Wang B. The effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on female fertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114718. [PMID: 36334833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reproductive toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been verified in both animal and in vitro experiments, however, the association between PFAS and female fertility remains contradictory in population studies. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the effects of PFAS on female fertility based on population evidence. METHODS Electronic searches of the Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were conducted (from inception to March 2022) to collect observational studies related to PFAS and female fertility. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted information and evaluated the risk of bias for the included studies, meta-analysis was performed using R software. RESULTS A total of 5468 records were searched and 13 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure was negatively associated with the female fecundability odds ratio (FOR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (Cl) [0.78; 0.98]) and positively associated with the odds ratio for infertility (OR = 1.33, 95%Cl [1.03; 1.73]). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure was negatively associated with the fecundability odds ratio (FOR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.90; 0.98]). Pooled effect values for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) exposure did not find sufficient evidence for an association with female fertility. CONCLUSION Based on the evidence provided by the current study, increased levels of PFAS exposure are associated with reduced fertility in women, this was characterized by a reduction in fecundability odds ratio and an increase in odds ratio for infertility. This finding could partially explain the decline in female fertility and provide insight into risk assessment when manufacturing products containing PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Ao Y, Nian M, Tang W, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Ao J. A sensitive and robust method for the simultaneous determination of thirty-three legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human plasma and serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:457-470. [PMID: 36383228 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have attracted growing attention due to their potential adverse effects on humans. We developed a method to simultaneously determine thirty-three PFAS (legacy PFAS, precursors, and alternatives) in human plasma and serum using solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS). The method yielded good linearity (>0.995) and excellent limits of detection (LODs) (0.0005~0.012 ng mL-1 in plasma and 0.002~0.016 ng mL-1 in serum). The relative recoveries ranged from 80.1 to 116%, with intra- and inter-day precision less than 14.3%. The robustness of this method has been tested continuously for 10 months (coefficients of variation <14.9%). Our method was successfully applied to the PFAS analysis of 42 real human plasma and serum samples collected from women. The proposed method is attractive for the biomonitoring of multi-class PFAS in human health risk assessment and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Min Nian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Junjie Ao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Luo K, Liu X, Zhou W, Nian M, Qiu W, Yang Y, Zhang J. Preconception exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and couple fecundity: A couple-based exploration. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107567. [PMID: 36240624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the adverse health effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) but it remains unclear whether preconception exposure to PFAS affects couple fecundity. This prospective preconception cohort study with 936 Chinese couples aimed to comprehensively assess the effects of PFAS on couple fecundity [measured by the time to pregnancy (TTP)] and infertility (i.e., TTP > 12 menstrual cycles) with a focus on the effects of partner-specific exposure and joint-effects of couple-based exposure. Twenty-five PFAS were quantified in plasma from each partner, including seven branched isomers, two chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids, four emerging PFAS replacements [i.e., 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) and three short-chain alternatives: perfluoro-n-butanoicacid, perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)]. Using a two-phase regression approach composed of elastic net regression and principal component analysis, we found that exposure to 6:2 diPAP and PFHpA rather than legacy PFAS in women and the couple-based exposure patterns characterized by high level of female 6:2 diPAP were significantly associated with reduced couple fecundity, which was independent of the adjustment of co-exposed PFAS homogenous from both partners. For example, a ln unit increase in female 6:2 diPAP was associated with 15 % [fecundity odds ratio (FOR) = 0.85, 95 %CI: 0.76, 0.96)] lower odds of couple fecundability (i.e., longer TTP) and 45 % increased risk of infertility [OR = 1.45 (95 %CI: 1.16, 1.81)], respectively. While most PFAS in men were not associated with couple fecundity, certain PFAS (e.g., perfluorohexane sulfonic acid) in men were negatively associated with infertility risk. However, the combined effects of PFAS mixture in couples were nonsignificant. Our findings suggest that PFAS in men and women may exert different impacts on couple fecundity. Preconception exposure to 6:2 diPAP and PFHpA in women may have the potential to impair couple fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Min Nian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang 515200, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Land KL, Miller FG, Fugate AC, Hannon PR. The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility outcomes. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:608-631. [PMID: 36580349 PMCID: PMC10100123 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is unavoidable, which represents a public health concern given the ability of EDCs to target the ovary. However, there is a large gap in the knowledge about the impact of EDCs on ovarian function, including the process of ovulation. Defects in ovulation are the leading cause of infertility in women, and EDC exposures are contributing to the prevalence of infertility. Thus, investigating the effects of EDCs on the ovary and ovulation is an emerging area for research and is the focus of this review. The effects of EDCs on gametogenesis, uterine function, embryonic development, and other aspects of fertility are not addressed to focus on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility issues. Herein, findings from epidemiological and basic science studies are summarized for several EDCs, including phthalates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, flame retardants, parabens, and triclosan. Epidemiological literature suggests that exposure is associated with impaired fecundity and in vitro fertilization outcomes (decreased egg yield, pregnancies, and births), while basic science literature reports altered ovarian follicle and corpora lutea numbers, altered hormone levels, and impaired ovulatory processes. Future directions include identification of the mechanisms by which EDCs disrupt ovulation leading to infertility, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Land
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Frances G. Miller
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ava C. Fugate
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Patrick R. Hannon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Green MP, Harvey AJ, Finger BJ, Tarulli GA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impacts on human fertility and fecundity during the peri-conception period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110694. [PMID: 33385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and environmental toxicants. This escalating yet constant exposure is postulated to partially explain the concurrent decline in human fertility that has occurred over the last 50 years. Controversy however remains as to whether associations exist, with conflicting findings commonly reported for all major EDC classes. The primary aim of this extensive work was to identify and review strong peer-reviewed evidence regarding the effects of environmentally-relevant EDC concentrations on adult male and female fertility during the critical periconception period on reproductive hormone concentrations, gamete and embryo characteristics, as well as the time to pregnancy in the general population. Secondly, to ascertain whether individuals or couples diagnosed as sub-fertile exhibit higher EDC or toxicant concentrations. Lastly, to highlight where little or no data exists that prevents strong associations being identified. From the greater than 1480 known EDCs, substantial evidence supports a negative association between exposure to phthalates, PCBs, PBDEs, pyrethroids, organochloride pesticides and male fertility and fecundity. Only moderate evidence exists for a negative association between BPA, PCBs, organochloride pesticides and female fertility and fecundity. Overall fewer studies were reported in women than men, with knowledge gaps generally evident for both sexes for all the major EDC classes, as well as a paucity of female fertility studies following exposure to parabens, triclosans, dioxins, PFAS, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Generally, sub-fertile individuals or couples exhibit higher EDC concentrations, endorsing a positive association between EDC exposure and sub-fertility. This review also discusses confounding and limiting factors that hamper our understanding of EDC exposures on fertility and fecundity. Finally, it highlights future research areas, as well as government, industry and social awareness strategies required to mitigate the negative effects of EDC and environmental toxicant exposure on human fertility and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kahn LG, Harley KG, Siegel EL, Zhu Y, Factor-Litvak P, Porucznik CA, Klein-Fedyshin M, Hipwell AE. Persistent organic pollutants and couple fecundability: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:339-366. [PMID: 33147335 PMCID: PMC7903116 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing regulation, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remains a serious public health concern due to their accumulation in the environment and ability to biomagnify up the food chain. POPs are associated with endocrine-disrupting effects including adverse reproductive outcomes that could affect fecundability, i.e. the capacity to conceive a pregnancy, quantified as time to pregnancy (TTP). OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Results of epidemiologic studies that examine the impact of various chemical classes of POPs on TTP have not been synthesised. We undertook a systematic review to summarise the strength of evidence for associations of four common groups of POPs with couple fecundability and to identify gaps and limitations in the literature in order to inform policy decisions and future research. SEARCH METHODS We performed an electronic search of literature published between 1 January 2007 and 6 August 2019 in MEDLINE, EMBASE.com, Global Health, DART/TOXLINE and POPLINE. We included empirical research papers that examined human exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated organic compounds and/or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and considered TTP or fecundability as an outcome. Standardised forms for screening, data extraction and study quality were developed using DistillerSR software, and all reviews were completed in duplicate. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias and devised additional quality metrics based on specific methodological features of fecundability studies. OUTCOMES The search returned 4573 articles, and 28 papers from 19 different studies met inclusion criteria. Among them, four studies measured TTP prospectively, three had data on participants' prenatal exposure, three examined associations in both male and female partners and one focused exclusively on males. Analyses varied widely in terms of exposure characterisation, precluding a meta-analytic approach. Evidence was strongest for adverse associations of female exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls with TTP, with some additional support for associations of female exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and PFAS with longer TTP. Our review provided little or no support for associations between female exposure to OC pesticides or male exposure to any of the POP groups and TTP. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Evidence suggests that female exposure to at least some POPs may reduce fecundability. Although many of these chemicals are no longer in production, they are still detectable in human biosamples because of their persistence in the environment. Replacement chemicals that are being introduced as older ones are restricted may have similar reproductive consequences. Future studies should examine these newer POPs, assess interactions between POPs and other chemical and non-chemical exposures, investigate how POPs are distributed in and metabolised by the human body and focus on populations that may be disproportionately exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva L Siegel
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina A Porucznik
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ma X, Cui L, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Kang Q, Jin F, Ye Y. Parental plasma concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and In Vitro fertilization outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116159. [PMID: 33279270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known to be endocrine-disrupting compounds, but are nevertheless widely used in consumer and industrial products and have been detected globally in human and wildlife. Data from animal and epidemiological studies suggest that PFAS may affect human fertility. This led us to consider whether maternal or paternal plasma PFAS had effects on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. The study population consisted of 96 couples who underwent IVF treatment in 2017 due to tubal factor infertility. The concentrations of 10 PFAS in blood samples from both male and female partners were measured. Poisson regression with log link was performed to evaluate the association between the tertiles of PFAS concentrations and numbers of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, two-pronuclei (2 PN) zygotes, and good-quality embryos, while multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the correlation between plasma PFAS and semen parameters. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the tertiles of PFAS concentrations and clinical outcomes. It was found that maternal plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were negatively associated with the numbers of retrieved oocytes (ptrend = 0.023), mature oocytes (ptrend = 0.015), 2 PN zygotes (ptrend = 0.014), and good-quality embryos (ptrend = 0.012). Higher paternal plasma PFOA concentrations were found to be significantly associated with reduced numbers of 2 PN zygotes (ptrend = 0.047). None of the maternal or paternal PFAS were significantly associated with the probability of implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to assess the association between parental exposure to PFAS and IVF outcomes. Our results suggest the potential reproductive effects of PFAS on both men and women, and that exposure to PFAS may negatively affect IVF outcomes. Future studies, particularly with large sample size cohorts, are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Ma
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Lin Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Women's Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Quanmin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yinghui Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Laws MJ, Neff AM, Brehm E, Warner GR, Flaws JA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:151-190. [PMID: 34452686 PMCID: PMC9743013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the known effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive disorders. The EDCs represented are highly studied, including plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), chemicals in personal care products (parabens), persistent environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls), and chemicals in pesticides or herbicides. Both female and male reproductive disorders are reviewed in the chapter. Female disorders include infertility/subfertility, irregular reproductive cycles, early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Male disorders include infertility/subfertility, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. Findings from both human and animal studies are represented.
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Kim YR, White N, Bräunig J, Vijayasarathy S, Mueller JF, Knox CL, Harden FA, Pacella R, Toms LML. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in follicular fluid from women experiencing infertility in Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109963. [PMID: 32745751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used and detected in human matrices. Evidence that PFAS exposure may be associated with adverse human reproductive health effects exists, however, data is limited. The use of a human matrix such as follicular fluid to determine chemical exposure, along with reproductive data will be used to investigate if there is a relationship between PFAS exposure and human fertility. OBJECTIVE This study aims to: (1) assess if associations exist between PFAS concentrations and/or age and fertilisation rate (as determined in follicular fluid of women in Australia who received assisted reproductive treatment (ART)); and (2) assess if associations exist between PFAS concentrations and infertility aetiology. METHODS Follicular fluids were originally collected from participants who underwent fully stimulated ART treatment cycles at an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinic in the period 2006-2009 and 2010-11 in Queensland, Australia. The samples were available for analysis of 32 PFASs including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). 97 samples were matched with limited demographic data (age and fertilisation rate) and five infertility factors (three known female factors): 1) endometriosis, 2) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and 3) genital tract infections - tubal/pelvic inflammation disease; as well as 4) male factor, and 5) idiopathic or unknown from either males or females. SPSS was used for linear regression analysis. RESULTS PFASs were detected in all follicular fluid samples with the mean concentrations of PFOS and PFOA, 4.9, and 2.4 ng/ml, respectively. A lower fertilisation rate was observed at higher age when age was added as a covariate, but there was no relationship between PFAS concentrations and fertilisation rate. There were few statistically significant associations between PFAS concentrations in follicular fluid and infertility factors. Log-transformed PFHxS concentrations were lower in females with endometriosis (factor 1) than in women who had reported 'male factors' as a reason of infertility, while PFHpA was higher in women who had infertile due to female factors (factor 1-3) compared to those who had infertile due to male factor. CONCLUSION PFASs were detected in follicular fluid of Australian women who had been treated at an IVF clinic. PFAS exposure found in follicular fluids is linked to increased risk of some infertility factors, and increased age was associated with decreased fertilisation rate in our data. But there was no relationship between PFAS and ferlitisation rate. Further large-scale investigations of PFAS and health effects including infertility are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Kim
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nicole White
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Bräunig
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Soumini Vijayasarathy
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine L Knox
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rosana Pacella
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
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11
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi J, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, Knutsen HK, Rose M, Roudot A, Van Loveren H, Vollmer G, Mackay K, Riolo F, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06223. [PMID: 32994824 PMCID: PMC7507523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
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Waterfield G, Rogers M, Grandjean P, Auffhammer M, Sunding D. Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota. Environ Health 2020; 19:42. [PMID: 32321520 PMCID: PMC7178962 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in drinking water supplies around the world and are the subject of intense regulatory debate. While they have been associated with several illnesses, their effects on reproductive outcomes remains uncertain. METHODS We analyzed birth outcomes in the east Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 2002 to 2011, where a portion of the population faced elevated exposure to PFASs due to long-term contamination of drinking water supplies from industrial waste disposal. Installation of a water filtration facility in the highly contaminated city of Oakdale, MN at the end of 2006 resulted in a sharp decrease in exposure to PFASs, creating a "natural experiment". Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compare the changes in birth outcomes before and after water filtration in Oakdale to the changes over the same period in neighboring communities where the treatment of municipal water remained constant. RESULTS Average birth weight and average gestational age were statistically significantly lower in the highly exposed population than in the control area prior to filtration of municipal water supply. The highly exposed population faced increased odds of low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.25-1.48) and pre-term birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19) relative to the control before filtration, and these differences moderated after filtration. The general fertility rate was also significantly lower in the exposed population (incidence rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77) prior to filtration and appeared to be rebounding post-2006. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between filtration of drinking water containing high levels of exposure to PFASs and improved reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Auffhammer
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David Sunding
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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13
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Morphological evidence of neurotoxic effects in chicken embryos after exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and inorganic cadmium. Toxicology 2019; 427:152286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Ali JM, Roberts SM, Gordon DS, Stuchal LD. Derivation of a chronic reference dose for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) for reproductive toxicity in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104452. [PMID: 31487490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid that was used as an industrial surfactant, but is now found as an environmental contaminant worldwide. In addition to its use as an industrial surfactant, it is a legacy contaminant from the use of aqueous film-forming foams. Despite its widespread occurrence in the environment and evidence of biological activity associated with PFHxS and similar perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in rodents, there is no oral toxicity value currently available from the IRIS Database. To derive an oral reference dose (RfD) for PFHxS, available toxicity studies were reviewed using a weight-of-evidence approach. A 42-day mouse reproductive study was chosen as the critical study for the derivation of the oral RfD. Benchmark dose modeling was utilized to derive a point of departure (POD) for a reduction in litter size. A 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose (BMDL) of 13,900 ng/mL (serum PFHxS) was modeled for a reduction in litter size. An oral RfD for PFHxS of 4.0 ng/kg/d was calculated by conversion of the BMDL to a human equivalent oral dose using a human half-life adjusted dosimetric conversion factor and the application of a total uncertainty factor of 300. Additional research is needed to better characterize the toxicity associated with oral exposure to PFHxS and refine the development of toxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ali
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA.
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David S Gordon
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA
| | - Leah D Stuchal
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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15
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Rashtian J, Chavkin DE, Merhi Z. Water and soil pollution as determinant of water and food quality/contamination and its impact on female fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:5. [PMID: 30636624 PMCID: PMC6330570 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A mounting body of the literature suggests that environmental chemicals found in food and water could affect female reproduction. Many worldwide daily-used products have been shown to contain chemicals that could incur adverse reproductive outcomes in the perinatal/neonatal periods, childhood, adolescence, and even adulthood. The potential impact of Bisphenol A (BPA), Phthalates and Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on female reproduction, in particular on puberty, PCOS pathogenesis, infertility, ovarian function, endometriosis, and recurrent pregnancy loss, in both humans and animals, will be discussed in this report in order to provide greater clinician and public awareness about the potential consequences of these chemicals. The effects of these substances could interfere with hormone biosynthesis/action and could potentially be transmitted to further generations. Thus proper education about these chemicals can help individuals decide to limit exposure, ultimately alleviating the risk on future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rashtian
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Zaher Merhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Varick Street, Sixth Floor, New York, NY, 10014, USA.
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16
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018. [PMID: 32625773 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194">10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194','32625773', '10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.007')">Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194" />
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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17
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05194. [PMID: 32625773 PMCID: PMC7009575 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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18
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Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) alters lipid accumulation in bovine blastocysts after oocyte exposure during in vitro maturation. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 84:1-8. [PMID: 30502403 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the perfluoroalkyl acids present in human tissues. In this study, effects on early embryo development after PFNA exposure were investigated using the bovine in vitro production system. Oocytes were exposed to PFNA during maturation in vitro (10 μg mL-1 and 0.1 μg mL-1), and then fertilized and cultured in parallel with control groups. Developmental parameters (cleavage, blastocyst formation) were followed and embryo quality evaluated (stage, grade). Embryos developed after exposure to 0.1 μg mL-1 were stained to distinguish nuclei, active mitochondria and neutral lipids. 10 μg mL-1 of PFNA had a severe negative effect on blastocyst formation (OR: 0.27 p < 0.05), an effect not observed at 0.1 μg mL-1. However, lipid droplet distribution was significantly altered in embryos exposed to 0.1 μg mL-1, suggesting a disturbance of lipid metabolism after exposure to sublethal levels of PFNA during oocyte maturation in vitro.
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19
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Bach C, Matthiesen N, Olsen J, Henriksen T. Conditioning on Parity in Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Time to Pregnancy: An Example from the Danish National Birth Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:117003. [PMID: 30417653 PMCID: PMC6371644 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated the associations between perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in women and time to pregnancy (TTP). Inconsistent results may be explained by differences in conditioning on parity. OBJECTIVES We used causal directed acyclic graphs to illustrate potential confounding related to previous pregnancies and exposure measurement error due to differences in the interpregnancy interval in pregnancy-based studies that include parous women. We exemplified the potential importance of these issues using data from the Danish National Birth Cohort. METHODS We used discrete time survival models to estimate associations between maternal plasma PFAAs in early pregnancy and TTP in 638 nulliparous and 613 parous women. RESULTS PFAA quartiles were not associated with the TTP in nulliparous women. In parous women, higher PFAA quartiles were associated with longer TTP. The strongest associations were estimated for perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate. PFAA concentrations were higher in women with longer interpregnancy intervals. Accounting for the interpregnancy interval attenuated the estimated associations. CONCLUSIONS Associations between PFAAs and TTP in parous women may be biased by confounders related to previous pregnancies and exposure measurement error. To avoid these biases, studies that include parous women may need to condition on a) common causes of PFAAs and the TTP in the index pregnancy, b) previous births (a descendant of a collider), c) PFAA levels or common causes of PFAA levels and the TTP in the previous pregnancy (to alleviate collider stratification bias caused by conditioning on previous births), and d) the interpregnancy interval (in pregnancy-based studies). Alternatives would be to restrict studies to nulliparous women or to use toxicokinetic modeling to correct exposure estimates in parous women. These recommendations may be extended to studies of other chemicals with similar toxicokinetic properties. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Bach
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Matthiesen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Henriksen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Brief Report: Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide and Time-to-pregnancy Among Primiparous Women. Epidemiology 2017; 27:712-5. [PMID: 27276029 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study reported a negative association between perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) concentrations and fecundability. METHODS We examined this association among women enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), in 2003-2004. This analysis was restricted to 451 primiparous women to avoid bias due to previous pregnancy. Self-reported time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and plasma were obtained around 18 weeks of gestation. Approximately half of the women had measurable PFOSA levels; missing values were multiply imputed. We used the logistic analogue of discrete-time survival analysis to examine the adjusted association between PFOSA, other perfluoroalkyl substances, and TTP. RESULTS The median-measured PFOSA concentration was 0.03 ng/ml (interquartile range = 0.02, 0.07). The age and body mass index-adjusted association between an interquartile distance increase in PFOSA and TTP was 0.91 (95% confidence interval = 0.71, 1.17). Imputation of missing PFOSA resulted in similar estimates. No association was observed with other perfluoroalkyl substances. CONCLUSION Based on a weakly decreased fecundability odds ratio, we found only limited support for an association between plasma PFOSA concentrations and TTP among primiparous women. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/EDE/B79.
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21
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Zhou W, Zhang L, Tong C, Fang F, Zhao S, Tian Y, Tao Y, Zhang J. Plasma Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Concentration and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Preconception Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:067012. [PMID: 28657892 PMCID: PMC5743639 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent synthetic chemicals that are widely used in industrial applications and often detectable in humans. In rats, PFASs can interfere with the estrous cycle. In humans, menstruation has been viewed as a proxy of female fecundity, and periodic menstruation plays a critical role in endometrial sloughing in the absence of pregnancy and in preparing for embryo implantation. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between PFAS exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics in women who plan to become pregnant. METHODS Plasma level of 10 PFASs was measured in 950 women who were attempting to become pregnant and recruited in two preconception care clinics in Shanghai, China, from August 2013 to April 2015. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was collected by questionnaires. Associations between PFAS levels and menstrual cycle regularity, length, and bleeding volume were examined using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Pre-pregnant women with higher levels of log-transformed perfluorooctanate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) had increased odds of self-reported history of irregular menstrual cycle [PFOA-adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.52 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.15); PFOS OR=1.29 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.70); PFNA OR=1.50 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.07); PFHxS OR=1.80 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.77)] and long menstrual cycle [PFOA OR=1.50 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.10); PFOS OR=1.34 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.75); PFNA OR=1.49 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.11); PFHxS OR=1.73 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.65)]. Log-transformed PFOA, PFOS, PFNA. and PFHxS levels were negatively associated with self-reported history of menorrhagia [PFOA OR=0.37 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.65); PFOS OR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.90); PFNA OR=0.47 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.86); PFHxS OR=0.14 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.36)]. CONCLUSIONS Certain PFASs are associated with abnormal menstruation in humans. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Tong
- Department of Science and Research, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yexuan Tao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Crawford NM, Fenton SE, Strynar M, Hines EP, Pritchard DA, Steiner AZ. Effects of perfluorinated chemicals on thyroid function, markers of ovarian reserve, and natural fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:53-59. [PMID: 28111093 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) can act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, but there has been limited study of their effects on ovarian reserve or fecundability. 99 women, 30-44 years old, without infertility were followed until pregnancy. Initially, serum was evaluated for Antimullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and triiodothyronine (T3), and PFCs: perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS). Bivariate analyses assessed the relationship between thyroid hormones, AMH, and PFCs. Fecundability ratios (FR) were determined for each PFC using a discrete time-varying Cox model and a day-specific probability model. PFC levels were positively correlated with each other (r 0.24-0.90), but there was no correlation with TSH (r 0.02-0.15) or AMH (r -0.01 to -0.15). FR point estimates for each PFC were neither strong nor statistically significant. Although increased exposure to PFCs correlates with thyroid hormone levels, there is no significant association with fecundability or ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Crawford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, 4001 Old Campus Building, CB 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark Strynar
- The National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Erin P Hines
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David A Pritchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB 7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, 4001 Old Campus Building, CB 7570, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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23
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bossi R, Liew Z, Long M, Bech BH, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Berg V, Nøst TH, Zhang JJ, Odland JØ, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids in five international birth cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:86-93. [PMID: 28063899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent and bioaccumulating compounds, which are spread all over the globe. We aimed to compare the PFAA concentrations in serum from pregnant women in five birth cohorts from four countries (Denmark, China, Norway, and Greenland). METHODS Serum samples were obtained from the following five birth cohorts including a total of 4718 pregnant women: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC, years 1996-2002, Denmark), the Aarhus Birth Cohort (ABC, years 2008-2013, Denmark), the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC, years 2013-2015, China), the Northern Norway Mother-Child Contaminant Cohort (MISA, years 2007-2009, Norway), and the Greenlandic Birth Cohort (ACCEPT, years 2010-2013, Greenland). The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. To ensure comparability, all samples except for the MISA samples were measured in the same laboratory. We adjusted the log-transformed PFAA concentrations for age and parity using analysis of covariance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The geometric mean (GM) of the summed concentrations of the seven most abundant PFAAs (∑PFAA) was 35ng/mL in the DNBC, 25 ng/mL in the SBC, 18ng/mL in the ACCEPT, 12ng/mL in the MISA cohort, and 12ng/mL in the ABC. The DNBC concentration was highest presumably because these samples were taken in earlier years (i.e. 1996-2002) than the samples from the other cohorts (i.e. 2007-2015), and at a time when the production of PFAAs were at the highest. When excluding the DNBC samples, we found that the concentrations of all the perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and one of the four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were highest in the Greenlandic women, whereas the other three PFCAs were highest in the Chinese women. CONCLUSION The concentration and composition of serum PFAAs were similar for the Danish ABC women and the Norwegian MISA women but were otherwise different across the cohorts. The different exposure profiles might partly be related to differences in lifestyle and diet. As the concentrations and compositional patterns vary between the countries, we suggest that the health implications associated with high PFAA exposure might also differ between the countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Tine B Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Vivian Berg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Therese H Nøst
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jun J Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jon Ø Odland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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24
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Louis GMB, Sapra KJ, Barr DB, Lu Z, Sundaram R. Preconception perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and incident pregnancy loss, LIFE Study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:11-17. [PMID: 27319395 PMCID: PMC5067185 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Equivocal findings are reported for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and self-reported pregnancy loss. We prospectively assessed PFASs and pregnancy loss in a cohort comprising 501 couples recruited preconception and followed daily through 7 post-conception weeks. Seven PFASs were quantified: 2-N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (Et-PFOSA-AcOH); 2-N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH); perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA); perfluorononanoate (PFNA); perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA); perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Women used home pregnancy test kits. Loss denoted conversion from a positive to a negative pregnancy test, onset of menses or clinical confirmation (n=98; 28%). Chemicals were log transformed and rescaled by their standard deviations to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. No significantly elevated HRs were observed for any PFASs suggesting no association with loss: Et-PFOSA-AcOH (1.04; 0.87, 1.23), Me-PFOSA-AcOH (0.79; 0.61, 1.00; p<0.05), PFDeA (0.83; 0.66, 1.04), PFNA (0.86; 0.70, 1.06), PFOSA (0.74; 0.50, 1.09), PFOS (0.81; 0.65, 1.00), and PFOA (0.93; 0.75, 1.16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine M Buck Louis
- Office of the Director, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Katherine J Sapra
- Office of the Director, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Glotech Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, United States
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25
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, Ghisari M, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Determinants of serum levels of perfluorinated alkyl acids in Danish pregnant women. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:867-875. [PMID: 27451073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) from food, drinking water, air, dust, and consumer products. PFAAs are persistent and bio-accumulative. In the present study, we aimed to establish how the serum levels of PFAAs differ according to age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), previous miscarriages, educational level, country of birth, smoking, and alcohol intake. We included 1438 Danish pregnant nulliparous women from the Aarhus Birth Cohort. The women gave a blood serum sample between week 11 and 13 of pregnancy. Sixteen PFAAs were extracted from serum using solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between individual characteristics of the women and their levels of seven PFAAs that were detected in at least 50% of the samples. The total concentration of the PFAAs (∑PFAA) was higher in older women. On average, normal weight women had a higher ∑PFAA level than underweight, overweight, and obese women. Higher levels were also observed for women without previous miscarriages, women with a high educational level, women born in Denmark (as opposed to women born elsewhere but currently living in Denmark), non-smokers, and women who consumed alcohol before or during pregnancy. These associations were similar for all the studied PFAAs, although the levels of perfluoroundecanoic acid varied more across the categories of age, BMI, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption than any other PFAAs measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathrine C Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mandana Ghisari
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine B Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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26
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Qiu T, Chen M, Sun X, Cao J, Feng C, Li D, Wu W, Jiang L, Yao X. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced insulin resistance is mediated by protein kinase B pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:781-785. [PMID: 27363333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant, is blamed to be associated with the incidence of insulin resistance in the general human population. In this study, we found that PFOS inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B (AKT), a key mediator of cellular insulin sensitivity, in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The mRNA level of the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, a downstream target gene of AKT, was increased in PFOS-treated cells. Due to stimulated gluconeogenesis, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was decreased in HepG2 cells. In our previous study, we found that PFOS disturbed autophagy in HepG2 cells. We proposed that PFOS could inhibit the activation of AKT through inhibiting mTORC2, a key regulator of autophagy. In this study, we found that the levels of triglyceride were increased in HepG2 cells. PFOS-induced accumulation of hepatic lipids also contributed to the inhibition of AKT. Eventually, the inhibition of AKT led to insulin resistance in PFOS-treated cells. Our data would provide new mechanistic insights into PFOS-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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27
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Bach CC, Vested A, Jørgensen KT, Bonde JPE, Henriksen TB, Toft G. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and measures of human fertility: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:735-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Carlsen Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Tore Jørgensen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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28
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Vélez MP, Arbuckle TE, Fraser WD, Mumford SL. Perfluoroalkyl acids and Time-to-Pregnancy: The issue of "parity-conditioning bias". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:572-3. [PMID: 27040410 PMCID: PMC6300987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Vélez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - T E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - W D Fraser
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, United States
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29
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Bach CC, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Olsen J, Matthiesen NB, Bossi R, Uldbjerg N, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Henriksen TB. Response to letter to the editor regarding "Serum perfluoroalkyl acids and time to pregnancy in nulliparous women". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:574-5. [PMID: 27040411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Carlsen Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark.
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ellen Aagaard Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | | | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit for Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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