1
|
Go TH, Kim MH, Choi YY, Han J, Kim C, Kang DR. The short-term effect of ambient particulate matter on suicide death. Environ Health 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38169380 PMCID: PMC10763266 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution can cause various respiratory and neurological diseases and continuous exposure can lead to death. Previous studies have reported that particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk of depression, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal death; however, the results are inconsistent and limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between short-term PM exposure and suicide deaths, as well as investigate the short-term effects of PM on suicide death within vulnerable groups based on factors such as sex, age group, suicide-related information (note, method, and cause), psychiatric disorders, and physical diseases. METHODS Data on a total of 28,670 suicide deaths from 2013 to 2017, provided by the Korea Foundation for Suicide Prevention, were analyzed. The study design employed a time-series analysis with a two-stage approach. In the first step, a generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to estimate the short-term effect of PM exposure on suicide risk specific to each city. In the second step, the estimated results from each city were pooled through a meta-analysis to derive the overall effect. We determined the effects of single lag, cumulative lag, and moving average PM concentrations from days 0-7 before suicide. RESULTS We confirmed an association between exposure to PM10 (≤ 10 μm in diameter) and deaths due to suicide. In particular, among individuals with psychiatric disorders and those who employed non-violent suicide methods, increased exposure to PM10 was associated with a higher risk of death by suicide, with percentage changes of 5.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-7.92) and 11.47 (95% CI: 7.95-15.11), respectively. Furthermore, in the group with psychiatric disorders, there was an observed tendency of increasing suicide risk as PM10 levels increased up to 120 µg/m3, whereas in the group with non-violent suicide deaths, there was a pronounced trend of rapid increase in suicide risk with an increase in PM10 up to 100 µg/m3. CONCLUSIONS These results show an association between short-term exposure to PM and suicide. Our study adds evidence for the benefits of reducing PM in preventing diseases and improving mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwa Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Choi
- Artificial Intelligence BigData Medical Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Han
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahmani M, Silverman AL, Thompson A, Pumariega A. Youth Suicidality in the Context of Disasters. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:587-602. [PMID: 37768444 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding youth suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and completed suicide) in the context of disasters. RECENT FINDINGS There are fewer studies that examine the effect of disasters on suicidality specifically in children and youth than studies that focus on adults or general population. Numerous studies have reported on the effect of disasters on youth mental health in general without zeroing in on suicide risk. Some variables that have shown to increase suicide risk in children and youth after disasters include female gender, age at the time of disaster exposure, dependence on adults, attachments to places and caregivers, family functioning, and vulnerability to mistreatment. Several studies have demonstrated that youth suicidality fluctuates in response to disasters, at times increasing immediately post-disaster and at other times decreasing immediately post-disaster followed by an increase later. Exposure to natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, wildfires, and extremes of temperature and humidity), man-made disasters (e.g., armed conflict, global warming, and pollution), and unique disasters (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) have had significant impact on suicidality in children and adolescents. Although there are several promising interventions to mitigate the post-disaster suicide risk among youth, there is no consensus on a single intervention that is superior to others. More research is needed to study youth suicide risk in the context of disasters and develop culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rahmani
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Andrew L Silverman
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andres Pumariega
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong J, Kang JM, Cho SE, Jung J, Kang SG. Significant association between increased risk of emergency department visits for psychiatric disorders and air pollutants in South Korea. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:490-499. [PMID: 36496456 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between air pollutants and psychiatric disorders has been investigated in many countries. However, results for the association between air pollutants and emergency room (ER) visits for psychiatric disorders are inconsistent. Further, systematic large-scale studies relating to the same are lacking, especially in South Korea. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the acute and short-term cumulative effect of air pollutants on ER visits for psychiatric disorders in South Korea. METHODS The data on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ER visits due to nine representative psychiatric disorders were collected from eight major cities in South Korea for three years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) at lag 0 and a cumulative 11-day RR by increasing a 10-unit for PM and 0.01-unit for NO2 using the Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 79,092 ER visits for psychiatric disorders were identified and tested for association with NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. The RR at lag 0 of depression per 0.01-unit increase in NO2 was the highest (3.127; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.933 to 3.332) among the psychiatric disorders. The RRs at lag 0 of anxiety disorders per 10-unit increase in PM2.5 (1.709; 95% CI 1.424 to 2.053) and PM10 (2.168; 95% CI 1.957 to 2.403) were the highest among the psychiatric disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Air pollutants increased ER visits for psychiatric disorders with the highest RR of depression due to NO2 and anxiety disorder due to PM2.5 and PM10. These results contribute evidence to the positive association between ambient exposure to air pollution and aggravation of psychiatric disorders, indicating air pollution may be a modifiable risk factor in mental health management. IMPACT STATEMENT We investigated the effect of air pollution on emergency room visits caused by major psychiatric disorders in prominent cities in South Korea. Using the Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model, an advanced analysis method, we calculated the acute effect and short-term cumulative effect. Air pollutants increased ER visits for psychiatric disorders with the highest relative risk of depression due to NO2 and anxiety disorder due to PM2.5 and PM10. These results reveal an association between ambient exposure to air pollution and aggravation of psychiatric disorders and suggest that air pollution may be a modifiable risk factor in mental health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyazaki H, Hino K, Ito T, Abe T, Nomoto M, Furuno T, Takeuchi I, Hishimoto A. Relationship of emergency department visits for suicide attempts with meteorological and air pollution conditions. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:154-160. [PMID: 37080497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors such as meteorological and air pollution conditions have been identified as risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to clarify the relationship of the number of visits to the emergency department for suicide attempts with meteorological and air pollution conditions. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients who attempted suicide and were transported to Yokohama City University Medical Center from April 2005 to March 2022. The meteorological conditions recorded at the time of transport included mean atmospheric pressure, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours, and the air pollution conditions included SO2 (ppm), NO (ppm), NO2 (ppm), NOX (ppm), OX (ppm), CH4 (ppmC), NMHC (ppmC), THC (ppmC), SPM (μg/m3), and PM2.5 (μg/m3). Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between the number of suicide attempts and the meteorological and air pollution conditions. Subgroup analyses were conducted by classifying the subjects according to the means of suicide attempt; comparisons were performed using t-tests. RESULTS The study included 1737 patients. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between the number of suicide attempts and SO2 levels and a significant negative relationship between the number of suicide attempts and NO levels. When subjects were divided by means of suicide attempt, different relationships with meteorological and air pollution conditions were observed. CONCLUSION Meteorological and air pollution conditions are environmental factors that can enable a more detailed understanding of suicide behavior according to the means of suicide attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Miyazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Numazu-chuo Hospital, 24-1 Nakase-cho, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8575, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Hino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Numazu-chuo Hospital, 24-1 Nakase-cho, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8575, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Takeru Abe
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Munetaka Nomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Taku Furuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie H, Cao Y, Li J, Lyu Y, Roberts N, Jia Z. Affective disorder and brain alterations in children and adolescents exposed to outdoor air pollution. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:413-424. [PMID: 36997124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of the brain. However, a limited number of studies have explored how air pollution may associate with affective symptoms in youth. METHODS We performed a comprehensive review of the existing research on the associations between outdoor air pollution and affective disorders, suicidality, and the evidence for brain changes in youth. PRISMA guidelines were followed and PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases were searched from their inception to June 2022. RESULTS From 2123 search records, 28 papers were identified as being relevant for studying the association between air pollution and affective disorders (n = 14), suicide (n = 5), and neuroimaging-based evidence of brain alterations (n = 9). The exposure levels and neuropsychological performance measures were highly heterogeneous and confounders including traffic-related noise, indoor air pollution, and social stressors were not consistently considered. Notwithstanding, 10 out of the 14 papers provide evidence that air pollution is associated with increased risk of depression symptoms, and 4 out of 5 papers provide evidence that air pollution might trigger suicidal attempts and behaviors. Besides, 5 neuroimaging studies revealed decreased gray-matter volume in the Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical neurocircuitry, and two found white matter hyperintensities in the prefrontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor air pollution is associated with increased risks of affective disorders and suicide in youth, and there is evidence for associated structural and functional brain abnormalities. Future studies should determine the specific effects of each air pollutant, the critical exposure levels, and population susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Lyu
- Department of civil and environmental engineering, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - Neil Roberts
- The Queens Medical Research Institute (QMRI), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Zhou S, Kwan MP. The temporality of geographic contexts: Individual environmental exposure has time-related effects on mood. Health Place 2023; 79:102953. [PMID: 36512953 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research on environmental exposure and its impacts on people's mood has attracted increasing attention. Most studies focus on the spatiality of geographic contexts, but they neglect the influence of temporality in the relationships between environments and mood. To this end, a survey was conducted in January 2019 in Guangzhou, China, and measured data (micro-environments, built environments, EMA records, GPS trajectories, and activity logs) covering a weekday were collected from 125 participants. Then, multiple linear regression models are employed to examine and compare the associations between environments and mood based on three possible types of temporal responses (cumulative response, momentary response, and time-lagged response). The results indicate that there are great differences in environmental mood effects based on different types of temporal responses. Specifically, (i) for three types of temporal responses, exposure to PM2.5 and noise have mood-blunting effects, whereas exposure to green spaces has mood-augmenting effects. (ii) For two types of temporal responses, higher temperature (in winter) may positively influence individual mood based on cumulative and time-lagged response, and higher POI density can positively affect mood based on cumulative and momentary response. (iii) Relative humidity may not have time-related effects on mood. Although all three types of temporal responses are observed in this study, the most significant manifestation is momentary response. These findings not only enrich theoretical research on environmental mood effects and temporality, but also inform the practice of more refined and humanistic urban planning, environmental governance, and public services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institute of Studies for the Greater Bay Area (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau), Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McLeod A, Murphy C, Hagwood G, Rose JS. The Effect of Sustained Poor Air Quality on EMS Call Volume and Characteristics: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 38:1-6. [PMID: 36503598 PMCID: PMC9885424 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x2200231x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As wildfires and air pollution become more common across the United States, it is increasingly important to understand the burden they place on public health. Previous studies have noted relationships between air quality and use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), but until now, these studies have focused on day-to-day air quality. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of sustained periods of poor air quality on EMS call characteristics and volume. METHODS Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, the effect of exposure to periods of poor air quality on number and type of EMS calls in California, USA from 2014-2019 was observed. Poor air quality periods greater than three days were identified at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Air Quality Index (AQI) levels of Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (AQI 100) and Unhealthy (AQI 150). Periods less than three days apart were combined. Each poor air quality period was matched with two one-week controls, the first being the closest preceding week that did not intersect a different case. The second control was the closest week at least three days after the case and not intersecting with a different case. Due to seasonal variation in EMS usage, from the initial cases, cases were used only if it was possible to identify controls within 28 days of the case. A conditional Poisson regression calculated risk ratios for EMS call volume. RESULTS Comparing the case periods to the controls, significant increases were found at AQI >100 for total number of calls, and the primary impressions categories of emotional state or behavior, level of consciousness, no patient complaint, other, respiratory, and abdominal. At an AQI >150, significance was found for the primary impressions categories of other, pain, respiratory, and digestive. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate increased EMS calls during sustained poor air quality, and that several EMS primary impression categories are disproportionately affected. This study is limited by the imprecision of the primary impression's classification provided by the EMS clinician responding to the EMS call. More research is needed to understand the effects of periods of poor air quality on the EMS system for more efficient deployment of resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec McLeod
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Colin Murphy
- Independent Researcher, Sacramento, CaliforniaUSA
| | | | - John S. Rose
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okuyama A, Yoo S, Managi S. Children mirror adults for the worse: evidence of suicide rates due to air pollution and unemployment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1614. [PMID: 36008764 PMCID: PMC9403225 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, more than 700,000 people die due to suicide, one of the most common reasons for youth death. While many studies have revealed two main factors for suicidal behavior: impulsive suicidal behavior due to mental illness and financial stress, it is not clear what happens if individuals face deterioration of mental health and economic recession. This paper attempts to answer this question and how suicide rates are correlated with these factors. Methods We empirically investigate whether economic recessions and air pollution trigger suicides by examining Japan, a country with one of the highest suicide rates, from 2014 to 2021. We take advantage of the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods before the pandemic, when both economic recessions and reductions in air pollution occurred simultaneously. Using monthly and municipal- level data, we construct a triple difference model that takes air pollution and unemployment as treatments. Results Our findings show that high (upper half of each period) levels of air pollution and unemployment have substantial impacts on the suicide rates of adults (22.9% in the short term) and children (42.7% in the short term, 36.0% in the long term), indicating that the increase in suicide rates among children is almost twice as high as that among adults. Our study finds that unemployment and air pollution alone are not associated with increased suicide rates but their simultaneous occurrence triggers suicides during the pandemic. Conclusions Our study urges suicide prevention, particularly among children, as an essential consideration for public health. Furthermore, our results indicate the need for the government to allocate resources to recover air quality and the economy simultaneously during a recession to reduce suicide mortality of both child and adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14013-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Okuyama
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sunbin Yoo
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Managi
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Broder JC, Gao CX, Abramson MJ, Wolfe R, Dimitriadis C, Ikin J, Sim MR, Del Monaco A, Johnston FH, Carroll M, Brown D, Smith K, Guo Y. Long-term impact of exposure to coalmine fire emitted PM 2.5 on emergency ambulance attendances. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132339. [PMID: 34628124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the long-term health effects of coalmine fire smoke exposure. The 2014 Hazelwood coalmine fire event in southeast Australia released smoke into surrounding areas for 6 weeks. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether individual-level exposure to coalmine fire-related PM2.5 was associated with a long-term increase in ambulance attendances following a coalmine fire event. METHODS A total of 2223 residents from the most exposed town of Morwell were assessed for ambulance attendances after the Hazelwood event from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. PM2.5 exposure was estimated for each individual using participant self-reported location diary data during the event and modelled PM2.5 concentrations. Recurrent event survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and ambulance attendances. RESULTS For each 10 μg/m3 increase in mean coalmine fire-related PM2.5 exposure, there was a 10% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]:1.10, 95%CI:1.03-1.17) increase in the overall risk of ambulance attendances within 3.5 years after the coalmine fire. Exposure to PM2.5 was also associated with increased risk of respiratory (HR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.02-1.44) and cardiovascular (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28) related ambulance attendances. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that exposure to coalmine fire smoke during the Hazelwood event was associated with a long-term health risk post the fire event, specifically for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. These findings are important for effective implementation of health care services following future extended coalmine fire PM2.5 events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Broder
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health (Orygen), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Ikin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Del Monaco
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew Carroll
- Monash Rural Health Churchill, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suicide and Associations with Air Pollution and Ambient Temperature: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147699. [PMID: 34300149 PMCID: PMC8303705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given health threats of climate change, a comprehensive review of the impacts of ambient temperature and ar pollution on suicide is needed. We performed systematic literature review and meta-analysis of suicide risks associated with short-term exposure to ambient temperature and air pollution. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications using relevant keywords. Observational studies assessing risks of daily suicide and suicide attempts associated with temperature, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and ≤2.5 mm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were included. Data extraction was independently performed in duplicate. Random-effect meta-analysis was applied to pool risk ratios (RRs) for increases in daily suicide per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure. Meta-regression analysis was applied to examine effect modification by income level based on gross national income (GNI) per capita, national suicide rates, and average level of exposure factors. In total 2274 articles were screened, with 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria for air pollution and 32 studies for temperature. RRs of suicide per 7.1 °C temperature was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.13). RRs of suicide per IQR increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05), 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.03), and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). O3, SO2, and CO were not associated with suicide. RR of suicide was significantly higher in higher-income than lower-income countries (1.09, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11 and 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.26 per 7.1 °C increased temperature, respectively). Suicide risks associated with air pollution did not significantly differ by income level, national suicide rates, or average exposure levels. Research gaps were found for interactions between air pollution and temperature on suicide risks.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei F, Wu M, Qian S, Li D, Jin M, Wang J, Shui L, Lin H, Tang M, Chen K. Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital visits for depression in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138207. [PMID: 32268289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability, but the etiology remains unclear. Recently, it has been suggested that air pollution is a potential risk factor for depression. However, the results remained inconsistent. So we conducted this study to assess the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital visits for depression in China. Daily hospital visits for depression from January 18, 2013 to June 10, 2018 were extracted from a regional health information system (HIS) covered 1.34 million population in Ningbo, China. We collected daily air pollutant concentrations and meteorological data from environmental air quality monitoring sites and meteorological stations in the study area. Quasi-Poisson regression models with generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to explore the associations between air pollution and hospital visits for depression. Stratified analyses were also conducted by gender, age, and season to examine the effects modification. The results disclosed that air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2 were positively correlated with hospital visits for depression. The strongest effects all occurred on lag0 (the same) day, and the corresponding excess risks (ERs) were 2.59 (95%CI: 0.72, 4.49) for PM2.5, 3.08 (95%CI: 1.05, 5.16) for PM10, 3.22 (95%CI: 1.16, 5.32) for SO2, 4.38 (95%CI: 1.83, 6.99) for CO, and 4.94 (95%CI: 2.03, 7.92) for NO2 per IQR increase, respectively. The associations were found to be stronger in the elderly (≥65 years) and cold season. Furthermore, the effects of CO and NO2 remained significant in most two-pollutant models, suggesting that traffic-related air pollutants might be more important triggers of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Die Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Shui
- Health Commission of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbo Lin
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|