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Reference Ranges of Selenium in Plasma and Whole Blood for Child-Bearing-Aged Women in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084908. [PMID: 35457774 PMCID: PMC9028777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a “dual-surface” element. Both Se-deficiency and Se-overload have bad effects on humans. The amount of Se in the blood is a good indicator of Se intake, and there are considerable differences in the reference ranges among different regions and populations. The purpose of this study was to establish the age-specific reference interval of blood Se in healthy child-bearing-aged women in China. A total of 187 healthy women aged 18–45 years old were enrolled with strict inclusion criteria from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (2015 CACDNS) database to establish the reference interval of Se. Plasma and whole-blood Se were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The reference range (RR) estimated as P2.5–P97.5 percentiles (geometric mean) was 73.81–140.75 (100.94) μg/L and P2.5–P97.5 percentiles (median) 81.06–164.75 (121.05) μg/L for plasma and whole-blood Se, respectively. The proposed RR of plasma Se in this study was used to evaluate the Se nutritional status of a representative sample of 1950 women of child-bearing age who were randomly selected from 2015 CACDNS. The proportion of Se level lower than P2.5 cut-off value was 24.05%, and there were 5.08% child-bearing-aged women with plasma Se higher than the upper limit of RR. Women in the western and rural areas tend to have lower Se levels.
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Cavalheiro Paulelli AC, Cesila CA, Devóz PP, Ruella de Oliveira S, Bianchi Ximenez JP, Pedreira Filho WDR, Barbosa F. Fundão tailings dam failure in Brazil: Evidence of a population exposed to high levels of Al, As, Hg, and Ni after a human biomonitoring study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112524. [PMID: 34883078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On November 5th, 2015, the Fundão mine tailings dam in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, failed, releasing more than 50 million m3 of mud, rich in toxic metals. After that, a massive environmental disaster began with the mud wave flowing more than 600 km, until the mouth of Doce River, in Espírito Santo State, and finally reaching the Atlantic Ocean. A vast area was contaminated, affecting the ecosystem and several communities. Despite the tremendous environmental disaster, little is known concerning the population's exposure to toxic elements yet. METHODS Thus, a cross-sectional study was for the first time conducted in three communities directly affected by the disaster (Regência, Povoação, and Campo Grande) in Espírito Santo State, to evaluate the levels of 11 chemical elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in blood. Sample analysis (n = 300) was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Our data show high levels of exposure to Al, As, Hg, and Ni. Mean values in blood were 60 μg/L (ranging from 9 to 434 μg/L), 10.9 μg/L (ranging from 5.81 to 269 μg/L), 6.4 μg/L (ranging from 0.05 to 103 μg/L) and 2.7 μg/L (ranging from 0.08 to 21 μg/L) for Al, As, Hg and Ni, respectively. Moreover, after applying a multiple regression model, we found community, drinking water, fish, seafood consumption, and smoking habits associated with metal/metalloid levels in their body. Well and tap water intake were identified as important sources of exposure to aluminum and nickel. CONCLUSIONS Our findings represent health risks to the groups living in the areas affected by the tailings dam failure, calling for further studies to evaluate the potential health effects of high exposure to metals and remediation actions from public health Brazilian authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Cavalheiro Paulelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Aparecida Cesila
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Pícoli Devóz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Ruella de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter Dos Reis Pedreira Filho
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Silva-Filho R, Santos N, Santos MC, Nunes Á, Pinto R, Marinho C, Lima T, Fernandes MP, Santos JCC, Leite ACR. Impact of environmental mercury exposure on the blood cells oxidative status of fishermen living around Mundaú lagoon in Maceió - Alagoas (AL), Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112337. [PMID: 34029837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury in the aquatic environment can lead to exposure of the human population and is a known toxic metal due to its capacity for accumulation in organs. We aimed to evaluate the mercury level in the blood and urine of fishermen and correlate it with the level of oxidative stress in blood cells. We show in this case-control study that the fishermen of the exposed group (case) of Mundaú Lagoon (Maceió - Alagoas, Brazil) have higher concentrations of total mercury in the blood (0.73-48.38 μg L-1) and urine (0.430-10.2 μg L-1) than the total mercury concentrations in blood (0.29-17.30 μg L-1) and urine (0.210-2.65 μg L-1) of the control group. In the blood cells of fishermen, we observed that the lymphomononuclear cells produced high levels of reactive oxygen species (61.7%), and the erythrocytes presented increased lipid peroxidation (151%) and protein oxidation (41.0%) and a decrease in total thiol (36.5%), GSH and the REDOX state (16.5%). The activity of antioxidant system enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GST) was also reduced in the exposed group by 26.9%, 28.3%, and 19.0%, respectively. Furthermore, hemoglobin oxygen uptake was decreased in the exposed group (40.0%), and the membrane of cells presented increased osmotic fragility (154%) compared to those in the control group. These results suggest that mercury in the blood of fishermen can be responsible for causing impairments in the oxidative status of blood cells and is probably the cause of the reduction in oxygen uptake capacity and damage to the membranes of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil; Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Nerveson Santos
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mayara Costa Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ábner Nunes
- Research Group of Catalysis and Chemical Reactivity, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Talitta Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Victory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Victory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha C Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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Martins AC, Urbano MR, Almeida Lopes ACB, Carvalho MDFH, Buzzo ML, Docea AO, Mesas AE, Aschner M, Silva AMR, Silbergeld EK, Paoliello MMB. Blood cadmium levels and sources of exposure in an adult urban population in southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109618. [PMID: 32447086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that is widely present in the environment due to geologic and anthropogenic sources. Exposures to high Cd levels may cause nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, among others. The goal of this study was to investigate in an adult urban population whether an association exists between sources and levels of Cd exposure and blood Cd concentrations. METHODS Using a census-based design, a total of 959 adults, aged 40 years or older, were randomly selected. Information on socio-demographics, dietary, and lifestyle background was obtained by household interviews. Blood Cd levels were measured by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. Geometric means (GM) (95% CI) and the 50th percentile were determined, stratified by sex, age, race, education, income class, smoking status, consumption of vegetables, red meat and milk, occupation and blood pressure. To assess the association between Cd exposure and the aforementioned variables, we estimated the geometric mean ratio (GMR) (95%CI) of blood Cd concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The geometric mean (95%CI) of blood Cd levels in the total population was 0.25 (0.22, 0.27) ug/dL. In a univariate analysis, significantly higher blood Cd levels were found in men (p < 0.001), current and former smokers (p < 0.001), alcohol drinkers (p < 0.001), those who never or almost never consumed milk (p < 0.001), and in subjects with higher diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.03). Significant correlations were found between the number of cigarettes consumed daily and blood Cd levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed higher blood Cd concentrations were associated with alcohol consumption (GMR 95%CI = 1.28, 1.04-1.59) and in former and current smokers (GMR 95% IC = 1.33, 1.06-1.67 and 4.23, 3.24-5.52, respectively). Our results shed novel information on variables associated with blood Cd levels in an urban Brazilian population, and should encourage additional research to prevent environmental Cd exposure, both in Brazil and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, S/no, Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina B Almeida Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima H Carvalho
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia L Buzzo
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anca O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Edificio Melchor Cano, Campus Universitario de Cuenca, Camino de Pozuelo, S/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, 119146, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana Maria R Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen K Silbergeld
- Emerita Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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