1
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Brinkmann MT, Rong K, Xie Y, Yan T. Formation potential of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142057. [PMID: 38636920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent leaks of underground fuel storage tanks in the Pearl Harbor region have led to direct release of un-weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) into drinking water sources, which then directly underwent chlorination disinfection treatment. Since the control of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) traditionally focuses natural organic matters (NOM) from source water and little is known about the interactions between free chlorine and un-weathered PHCs, laboratory chlorination experiments in batch reactors were conducted to determine the formation potential of DBPs during chlorination of PHC-contaminated drinking water. Quantitative analysis of regulated DBPs showed that significant quantities of THM4 (average 3,498 μg/L) and HAA5 (average 355.4 μg/L) compounds were formed as the result of chlorination of un-weathered PHCs. Amongst the regulated DBPs, THM4, which were comprised primarily of chloroform and bromodichloromethane, were more abundant than HAA5. Numerous unregulated DBPs and a large diversity of unidentified potentially halogenated organic compounds were also produced, with the most abundant being 1,1-dichloroacetone, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, chloropicrin, dichloroacetonitrile, and trichloracetonitrile. Together, the results demonstrated the DBP formation potential when PHC-contaminated water undergoes chlorination treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the regulated DBP production and health risks under field relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy-Tanita Brinkmann
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Kexin Rong
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA; Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA.
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2
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Li J, Wang L, Lu J, Peng W, Chen J, Jiang G, Liu D. Treatment of landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate by a three-dimensional electrochemical technology with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes: Efficacy, mechanisms, and enhancement effect of subsequent electrocoagulation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 173:118-130. [PMID: 37989011 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate is a kind of wastewater containing high concentrations of color and refractory organics. Herein, we proposed a novel three-dimensional electrochemical technology (3DET) with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes for its treatment. The planar and particle electrodes were first optimized. Ti/RuO2 and graphite were used as anodes in the two-dimensional electrochemical technology (2DET). In the light of contaminant removal (color, UV254, COD, and TOC), chlorine reduction, and energy consumption, graphite was selected as planar anodes and cathodes. Moreover, 3DET with Al particle electrodes (Al 3DET) outperformed that with conventional granular activated carbon electrodes, 2DET, and Al particles. At 120 min, the removal efficiencies of color, UV254, COD, and TOC using Al 3DET were 98.94 %, 84.72 %, 51.93 %, and 67.46 %, respectively. UV-vis and EEM spectroscopy, and GC-MS analyses indicate that macromolecular organic matter such as humic-like substances could be effectively degraded and simultaneously removed. Reactive species identification tests including free radical quenching and EPR spectra were conducted. The results indicate that in addition to anodic direct oxidation, indirect oxidation by oxidative species (H2O2, •OH, and RCS) and flocculation by Al species also played a vital role in contaminant removal. Continuous-flow experiments show that Fe EC as a post-treatment step of Al 3DET could effectively provide a neutralization effect for the 3DET effluent and enhance the removal efficiency of contaminants. The total operating cost of combined process was 1.307 USD/m3. This study shows that the Al 3DET-Fe EC process is a promising technology for the treatment of nanofiltration concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Wuliang Peng
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dongfang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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3
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Yang K, Abu-Reesh IM, He Z. Formation of oxidation byproducts during electrochemical treatment of simulated produced water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132469. [PMID: 37690199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) can effectively remove recalcitrant organic contaminants from produced water (PW) but the formation of toxic oxidation byproducts (OBPs) is an unintended consequence. This study has rigorously investigated the OBPs formation during the EO treatment of a simulated PW containing phenol - a common organic contaminant existing in PW, as a model contaminant. In the absence of ammonia, free chlorine was generated from Cl- oxidation to serve as the main oxidant for phenol oxidation. During the EO process, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone were identified as the critical intermediates that led to the formation of carbonaceous OBPs (C-OBPs). Some C-OBPs like chloroform (TCM), chloral hydrate (CH), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) reached their peak concentrations of 15 - 180 μM that were then reduced to 1 - 115 μM via volatilization and/or electrochemical reduction. When ammonia was present, nitrogenous OBPs (N-OBPs) were formed with the peak levels of 1 - 10 μM at the chlorination breakpoint (when ammonia was completely removed) that were subsequently reduced below 1 uM via volatilization and/or hydrolysis. It was observed that ammonia significantly decreased the formation of both C-OBPs and chlorate due to the consumption of free chlorine. A higher current density accelerated OBPs formation rates with different effects on volatile and non-volatile OBPs. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of OBPs formation precursors and mechanisms during electrochemical process and help develop strategies for proper control of OBPs to achieve safer electrochemical wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Yang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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4
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Simon S, Suresh BK, Anantha-Singh TS. A sequential aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation process for the treatment of municipal stabilized landfill leachate by iron and graphite electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139692. [PMID: 37543228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment has emerged as a viable technology for the treatment of leachate due to its efficient removal of ammonaical nitrogen and other recalcitrant organics. The main technical issues that prevent its practical deployment are restricted performance of a single electrochemical process and the lengthy tertiary treatment time required to achieve the disposal quality standards. This study demonstrates the performance of electrochemical treatments such as peroxicoagulation (PC) and aerated electrocoagulation (A-EC) separately and also sequentially for the treatment of stabilized leachate. In aerated electro coagulation iron is used as both anode and cathode, whereas in peroxicoagulation, iron is used as anode and graphite as cathode. The area of electrode used for treatments was fixed as 12.5 cm2. The initial concentration of NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC of the leachate was found to be 480 mg/L, 997 mg/L, 40,200 mg/L, and 9850 mg/L respectively. Removal efficiency of aerated electrocoagulation for NH4-N, TN, COD and TOC were 25.6%, 23.67%, 25.6% and 28.7% respectively, current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 60 min and pH 7.3. Meanwhile for peroxicoagulation, the removal efficiency was found to be 37.2%, 43%, 37.3%, and 45.6% for NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC respectively, at an current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 120 min and a pH of 3. The sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulation process achieves a maximum removal efficiency of 63%, 68%, 78%, and 75% for NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD, and TOC respectively for a reaction time of 180 min. Removal of NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD and TOC from stabilized landfill leachate with a BOD/COD ratio less than 0.1 was very much effective with the sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulaton treatment. The results also indicate that for the treatment of leachate, a significant synergistic index of 1.22 exists between aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Simon
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - Bibin K Suresh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - T S Anantha-Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
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5
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Medel A, González MC, Treviño-Reséndez J, Meas Y, Bedolla-Valdez ZI, Lara-Jacobo LR, Alonso-Núñez G, Méndez E. Synergistic role of active chlorine species and hydroxyl radicals during disinfection and mineralization of carwash wastewater. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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6
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Genethliou C, Tatoulis T, Charalampous N, Dailianis S, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV. Treatment of raw sanitary landfill leachate using a hybrid pilot-scale system comprising adsorption, electrocoagulation and biological process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117129. [PMID: 36584456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a three-stage pilot approach using adsorption (AD), electrocoagulation (EC) and biological (BIO) processes for the treatment of raw sanitary landfill leachate (SLL) was investigated. SLL is loaded with hazardous substances such as organic load and heavy metals with high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations and is also produced in large quantities, causing serious risks to both living organisms and the environment. In this study, column adsorption experiments were initially performed to examine the removal of toxic NH4+-N using different initial NH4+-N concentrations and recirculation flow rates. The adsorption process was then examined as a pre-treatment step in two sequential treatment scenarios, i.e., AD-EC-BIO and AD-BIO-EC, to determine which achieved the highest removal of pollutants and leachate toxic potential, thus ensuring the biosafety of these processes during the release of the respective effluents into surface waters. The overall removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, color, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) achieved after the application of the AD-EC-BIO system were 95.5 ± 0.1%, 98.8 ± 0.1%, 85.7 ± 0.8%, 100 ± 0.1%, 71.4 ± 1.7%, 63.8 ± 1.9% and 94.2 ± 0.2%, respectively, while the values for the AD-BIO-EC system were 98.5 ± 0.2%, 98.7 ± 0.1%, 85.7 ± 0.4%, 98.9 ± 1.2%, 67.7 ± 1.7%, 76.1 ± 1.6% and 94.8 ± 0.1%, respectively. In accordance with the latter, the assessment of leachate toxic potential using a Thamnocephalus platyurus bioassay revealed that the AD-EC-BIO system could be considered a promising treatment strategy for the purification of raw SLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Genethliou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - T Tatoulis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - N Charalampous
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - S Dailianis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - A G Tekerlekopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 G. Seferi Str., GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece.
| | - D V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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7
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Gu X, Li J, Feng X, Qu W, Wang W, Wang J. Efficient removal of norfloxacin from water using batch airlift-electrocoagulation reactor: optimization and mechanisms analysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8944-8954. [PMID: 36936850 PMCID: PMC10021078 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an airlift-electrocoagulation (AL-EC) reactor to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from water. Six parameters influencing NOR removal were investigated, and the possible removal mechanism was proposed based on flocs characterization and intermediates analysis. The performances for treating different antibiotics and removing NOR from 3 types of water were also evaluated. The best NOR removal efficiency was obtained with the iron anode and aluminum cathode combination, a current density of 2 mA cm-2, an initial pH of 7, a treatment time of 32 minutes and an air flow rate of 200 mL min-1, the supporting electrolyte type was NaCl, and the initial NOR concentration was 10 mg L-1. Flocs adsorption and electrochemical oxidation were the main ways to remove NOR from water. The average removal efficiency of the AL-EC reactor exceeded 60% of the different antibiotic concentrations in artificial and real water. The highest NOR removal rate reached 93.48% with an operating cost of 0.153 USD m-3. The present work offers a strategy for NOR removal from water with high efficiency and low cost, showing a huge potential for the application of the AL-EC in antibiotic contaminated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuege Gu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Xueting Feng
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
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8
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Chen W, Gu Z, He C, Li Q. Molecular-level transformation of refractory organic matter during flocculation-ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate treatment of MBR-treated landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130086. [PMID: 36272369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Refractory organic matter in membrane bioreactor effluent resulting from landfill leachate treatment has a complex composition. This paper identified the transformation mechanism of organic matter in a flocculation-ultraviolet (UV)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system at the molecular level using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results showed that the flocculation system was able to remove a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with high oxidation and unsaturation/saturation. UV radiation displayed a relatively strong reactivity for DOM with an electron-rich structure, which it can transform into DOM with lower aromaticity through photolysis and photosensitivity, although the effectiveness of the transformation was poor. In comparison, due to the action of reactive oxygen species, the UV/PMS system can enable reactions such as demethylation, dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, ring cleavage, and decarbonylation. It can remove approximately 60% quantity of the total DOM and produce DOM featuring a higher degree of oxidation and saturation than that of the UV system alone. The results showed that the UV/PMS system was a complementary of flocculation in DOM removal from the membrane bioreactor effluent, while the system also resulted in a large number of sulfuric compounds; thus, requiring further evaluation of its ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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9
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Benguit A, Tiwari B, Drogui P, Landry D. Tertiary treatment of a mixture of composting and landfill leachates using electrochemical processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133379. [PMID: 34958788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the treatment efficiency of coupled electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes for landfill leachate treatment in batch and continuous mode. The EC process (iron anode and graphite cathode) at 18.2 mA/cm2 for 2.5 min resulted in COD, turbidity, total phosphorus, total coliforms and fecal coliforms removal of 58.1, 72.9, 98.5, 97.9, and 97.2% respectively. Under the same operating conditions, the coupled EC/EO (Ti-Pt anode, bipolar iron electrode, and graphite cathode) processes showed that the COD, turbidity, total phosphorus, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms removal of 56.5%, 78.3%, 96.3%, 97.2% and fecal coliforms 72.7%, respectively. The energy costs associated with the EC and EC/EO were 0.11 and 0.25 $/m3, respectively. Compared to the batch configuration, the continuous configuration of EC resulted in similar processing performance. However, the EC/EO process resulted in the production of chlorates, perchlorates, and trihalomethanes as by-products. Moreover, the continuous process slightly increases the pH and ammonia concentration of the leachate and also resulted in the metallic sludge production with an average dryness of 4.2%. The toxicity tests determined that the treated effluent was not toxic to Rainbow trout and Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Benguit
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Dany Landry
- Englobe Company, Englobe Corp., 505 Boul. de Parc Technologique, Québec, QC, G1P 4S7, Canada
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10
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Jia H, Guo J, Meng X, Wang J. Electrochemical methods for landfill leachate treatment: A review on electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150529. [PMID: 34600209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a kind of difficult-to-degrade wastewater with complex water qualities. Waste filtrate cannot be thoroughly treated by traditional biological, physical and chemical methods. In the past five years, electrochemical methods have attracted widespread attention in the treatment of landfill leachate. The article pointed out that for the colloidal/suspended particles in the landfill leachate, using of electrocoagulation can achieve a good treatment effect. Aiming at the characteristics of the dissolved organic matter in the landfill leachate and the high concentration of chloride ions, a more efficient removal can be available by using of electrooxidation. In this review, the latest achievements and basic principles of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation have been introduced. Meanwhile, the influence of different process parameters on these two electrochemical methods was summarized. It also reviewed the effect of electrochemical technology as an independent system or combined with biological and physical chemical processes on the treatment of landfill leachate, as well as the cost of various laboratory scales. Finally, several main problems and challenges encountered by electrochemical methods were briefly discussed, and the prospects for new development and future research were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Jiaran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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11
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Teng C, Zhou K, Peng C, Chen W. Characterization and treatment of landfill leachate: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117525. [PMID: 34384952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complicated organic wastewater generated in the sanitary landfilling process. Landfill leachate must be appropriately disposed to avoid ecotoxicity and environmental damage. An in depth understanding of the physiochemical characteristics and environmental behaviors of landfill leachate is essential for its effective treatment. In this study, recent advances on the properties of landfill leachate, its characterization methods and treatment techniques are critically reviewed. Specifically, the up-to-date spectroscopic techniques for landfill leachate characterization and advanced oxidation treatment techniques are highlighted. Moreover, the drawbacks and challenges of current techniques for landfill leachate characterization and treatment are discussed, along with the future perspectives in the development of characterization and treatment approaches for landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Teng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Kanggen Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Changhong Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
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12
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Deng Y, Zhu X, Chen N, Feng C, Wang H, Kuang P, Hu W. Review on electrochemical system for landfill leachate treatment: Performance, mechanism, application, shortcoming, and improvement scheme. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140768. [PMID: 32726696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a type of complex organic wastewater, which can easily cause serious negative impacts on the human health and ecological environment if disposed improperly. Electrochemical technology provides an efficient approach to effectively reduce the pollutants in landfill leachate. In this review, the electrochemical standalone processes (electrochemical oxidation, electrochemical reduction, electro-coagulation, electro-Fenton process, three-dimensional electrode process, and ion exchange membrane electrochemical process) and the electrochemical integrated processes (electrochemical-advanced oxidation process (AOP) and biological electrochemical process) for landfill leachate treatment are summarized, which include the performance, mechanism, application, existing problems, and improvement schemes such as cost-effectiveness. The main objective of this review is to help researchers understand the characteristics of electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate and to provide a useful reference for the design of the process and reactor for the harmless treatment of landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haishuang Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peijing Kuang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Journal Center, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu X, He Z. Decreased formation of disinfection by-products during electrochemical leachate oxidation and their post-removal by electro-adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139171. [PMID: 32388383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) is an effective treatment system to remove recalcitrant compounds in landfill leachate but harmful byproducts can be formed during the treatment. Herein, we have investigated the formation of total halogenated organics and the associated toxicity as a side effect of leachate treatment by the MER. Those byproducts are represented by the term "disinfection byproducts, or DBPs", because of the similar formation mechanisms. Several DBP groups were detected during the leachate treatment; however, the amount of DBP generated in the MER only accounted for 19.1 ± 4.5% of that in a membrane-less electrooxidation system (control). Likewise, the total toxicity value in the MER effluent was 26.6 × 10-3, only 15.1% of that in the control system. While trihalomethanes dominated mass concentration by 84.1% in the MER, haloacetonitriles contributed to majority of the additive toxicity due to their higher toxicity index. Increasing the initial leachate pH from 9.5 to 13 could increase the DBP concentration by 2.18 times because of less removal of humic acids. A high initial ammonia concentration of 6000 mg L-1 resulted in the increased DBP formation by 146.8%, compared to that with 2500 mg L-1, due to the increased formation of nitrogenous DBPs. A higher current density of 30 mA cm-2 doubled the DBP formation because of a faster reaction rate and a higher solution temperature. The extended treatment time caused trihalomethanes to continue forming DBP and degradation of most DBPs to some extent. With removing 67.5% of DBP mass concentration and 74.4% of the additive toxicity, the GAC-electrode system was shown more effective than GAC adsorption alone in remediating DBP from the MER effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Han M, Duan X, Cao G, Zhu S, Ho SH. Graphitic nitride-catalyzed advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for landfill leachate treatment: A mini review. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2020; 139:230-240. [PMID: 32372848 PMCID: PMC7198436 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate poses significant risks to public health via the release of high-toxicity contaminants, including refractory organic compounds, ammonia-nitrogen compounds, and heavy metals. Significant efforts have been made to develop useful methods for leachate disposition and treatment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are one of the most promising methods, because they can rapidly degrade diverse pollutants and significantly improve the biodegradability of leachate. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a fascinating conjugated polymer, has become a hot topic in AOP research due to its metal-free benefits and high photosensitivity. Thus, combining AOPs with g-C3N4 achieves excellent degradation of refractory pollutants in leachate. Since the composition of leachate is complex in the practical conditions, the information reported by current studies of using g-C3N4 as a remediator is still incomplete and fragmented. Thus, in this review, the recent status of leachate treatment and approaches for its disposal has been summarized and some conclusions have been drawn. In addition, a brief introduction to g-C3N4 and its application in AOPs for leachate treatment have been critically discussed and with its future outlook assessed. Although the development of g-C3N4 in AOPs for leachate treatment is highly efficient and practical, comprehensive study about its application and technology expansion is urgently needed, based on the complex operating conditions. Perspectives on the treatment of leachate using g-C3N4-AOPs are also included. The information and perspectives provided in this review will provide guidance and novel understanding to accelerate the development of g-C3N4-based AOPs for leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province,150090, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Guoliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province,150090, PR China
| | - Shishu Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Corresponding author at: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province,150090, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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