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Gallego-Rentero M, López Sánchez A, Nicolás-Morala J, Alcaraz-Laso P, Zhang N, Juarranz Á, González S, Carrasco E. The effect of Fernblock® in preventing blue-light-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells is associated with NRF2 induction. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1471-1484. [PMID: 38909335 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Blue light exposure of the ocular apparatus is currently rising. This has motivated a growing concern about potential deleterious effects on different eye structures. To address this, ARPE-19 cells were used as a model of the retinal pigment epithelium and subjected to cumulative expositions of blue light. The most relevant cellular events previously associated with blue-light-induced damage were assessed, including alterations in cell morphology, viability, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the induction of DNA repair cellular mechanisms. Consistent with previous reports, our results provide evidence of cellular alterations resulting from repeated exposure to blue light irradiation. In this context, we explored the potential protective properties of the vegetal extract from Polypodium leucotomos, Fernblock® (FB), using the widely known treatment with lutein as a reference for comparison. The only changes observed as a result of the sole treatment with either FB or lutein were a slight but significant increase in γH2AX+ cells and the raise in the nuclear levels of NRF2. Overall, our findings indicate that the treatment with FB (similarly to lutein) prior to blue light irradiation can alleviate blue-light-induced deleterious effects in RPE cells, specifically preventing the drop in both cell viability and percentage of EdU+ cells, as well as the increase in ROS generation, percentage of γH2AX+ nuclei (more efficiently with FB), and TNF-α secretion (the latter restored only by FB to similar levels to those of the control). On the contrary, the induction in the P21 expression upon blue light irradiation was not prevented neither by FB nor by lutein. Notably, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 induced by blue light was similar to that observed in cells pre-treated with FB, while lutein pre-treatment resulted in nuclear NRF2 levels similar to control cells, suggesting key differences in the mechanism of cellular protection exerted by these compounds. These results may represent the foundation ground for the use of FB as a new ingredient in the development of alternative prophylactic strategies for blue-light-associated diseases, a currently rising medical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gallego-Rentero
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jimena Nicolás-Morala
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Alcaraz-Laso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM); Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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Touitou Y, Cermakian N, Touitou C. The environment and the internal clocks: The study of their relationships from prehistoric to modern times. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:859-887. [PMID: 38757600 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2353857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of biological rhythms goes back to the very beginning of life. They are observed in the animal and plant world at all levels of organization, from cells to ecosystems. As early as the 18th century, plant scientists were the first to explain the relationship between flowering cycles and environmental cycles, emphasizing the importance of daily light-dark cycles and the seasons. Our temporal structure is controlled by external and internal rhythmic signals. Light is the main synchronizer of the circadian system, as daily exposure to light entrains our clock over 24 hours, the endogenous period of the circadian system being close to, but not exactly, 24 hours. In 1960, a seminal scientific meeting, the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Rhythms, brought together all the biological rhythms scientists of the time, a number of whom are considered the founders of modern chronobiology. All aspects of biological rhythms were addressed, from the properties of circadian rhythms to their practical and ecological aspects. Birth of chronobiology dates from this period, with the definition of its vocabulary and specificities in metabolism, photoperiodism, animal physiology, etc. At around the same time, and right up to the present day, research has focused on melatonin, the circadian neurohormone of the pineal gland, with data on its pattern, metabolism, control by light and clinical applications. However, light has a double face, as it has positive effects as a circadian clock entraining agent, but also deleterious effects, as it can lead to chronodisruption when exposed chronically at night, which can increase the risk of cancer and other diseases. Finally, research over the past few decades has unraveled the anatomical location of circadian clocks and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. This recent research has in turn allowed us to explain how circadian rhythms control physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Li A, Wei X, Xie Y, Ren Y, Zhu X, Liu M, Liu S. Light exposure and its applications in human health. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400023. [PMID: 38576140 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Light exposure has been proven to have a significant impact on human health. As a result, researchers are increasingly exploring its potential benefits and drawbacks. With advancements in understanding light and the manufacturing of light sources, modern health lighting has become widely utilized in daily life and plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various illnesses. The use of light in healthcare is a global trend, with many countries actively promoting the development and application of relevant scientific research and medical technology. This field has gained worldwide attention and support from scientists and doctors alike. In this review, we examine the application of lighting in human health and recent breakthroughs in light exposure related to pathology, therapeutic strategies, molecular changes, and more. Finally, we also discuss potential future developments and areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angze Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajia Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Molcan L, Babarikova K, Cvikova D, Kincelova N, Kubincova L, Mauer Sutovska H. Artificial light at night suppresses the day-night cardiovascular variability: evidence from humans and rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:295-306. [PMID: 38177874 PMCID: PMC10847188 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects most of the population. Through the retinohypothalamic tract, ALAN modulates the activity of the central circadian oscillator and, consequently, various physiological systems, including the cardiovascular one. We summarised the current knowledge about the effects of ALAN on the cardiovascular system in diurnal and nocturnal animals. Based on published data, ALAN reduces the day-night variability of the blood pressure and heart rate in diurnal and nocturnal animals by increasing the nocturnal values of cardiovascular variables in diurnal animals and decreasing them in nocturnal animals. The effects of ALAN on the cardiovascular system are mainly transmitted through the autonomic nervous system. ALAN is also considered a stress-inducing factor, as glucocorticoid and glucose level changes indicate. Moreover, in nocturnal rats, ALAN increases the pressure response to load. In addition, ALAN induces molecular changes in the heart and blood vessels. Changes in the cardiovascular system significantly depend on the duration of ALAN exposure. To some extent, alterations in physical activity can explain the changes observed in the cardiovascular system after ALAN exposure. Although ALAN acts differently on nocturnal and diurnal animals, we can conclude that both exhibit a weakened circadian coordination among physiological systems, which increases the risk of future cardiovascular complications and reduces the ability to anticipate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Babarikova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diana Cvikova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natalia Kincelova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Kubincova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Mauer Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Huang CH, Yu S, Yu HS, Tu HP, Yeh YT, Yu HS. Chronic blue light-emitting diode exposure harvests gut dysbiosis related to cholesterol dysregulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1320713. [PMID: 38259967 PMCID: PMC10800827 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Night shift workers have been associated with circadian dysregulation and metabolic disorders, which are tightly coevolved with gut microbiota. The chronic impacts of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting at night on gut microbiota and serum lipids were investigated. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to blue or white LED lighting at Zeitgeber time 13.5-14 (ZT; ZT0 is the onset of "lights on" and ZT12 is the "lights off" onset under 12-hour light, 12-hour dark schedule). After 33 weeks, only the high irradiance (7.2 J/cm2) of blue LED light reduced the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. The high irradiance of white LED light and the low irradiance (3.6 J/cm2) of both lights did not change microbial alpha diversity. However, the low irradiance, but not the high one, of both blue and white LED illuminations significantly increased serum total cholesterol (TCHO), but not triglyceride (TG). There was no significant difference of microbial abundance between two lights. The ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria decreased at a low irradiance but increased at a high irradiance of blue light. Notably, this ratio was negatively correlated with serum TCHO but positively correlated with bile acid biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, chronic blue LED lighting at a high irradiance may harvest gut dysbiosis in association with decreased alpha diversity and the ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria to specifically dysregulates TCHO metabolism in mice. Night shift workers are recommended to be avoid of blue LED lighting for a long and lasting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Ph. D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Touitou Y. Day and night effects on the animal and plant kingdoms: The eve of chronobiology. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1354-1360. [PMID: 37795588 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2265483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, cyclical changes in the body were assumed to be caused by the cyclicity of the environment (day-night, seasons). The concept of daily and seasonal changes was first documented in the 18th century by astronomer D'Ortous de Mairan, who demonstrated that plant leaf motions varied depending on the time of day, and by Linné's description of his floral clock in 1751. In 1832, De Candolle was the first to experimentally establish the endogeneity of rhythms in plants, underlining the notion of what we now term free-running rhythms. Julien-Joseph Virey made his own contribution in his thesis, published in 1814, against this backdrop, in which he examined the knowledge of his day on the daily and seasonal biological fluctuations of living matters. He emphasized the relevance of the environment's day-night cycle on plant life and created a list of plants based on their diurnality or nocturnality. He expanded on the issue of rhythmic changes in human health and sickness and provided his own data on the daily fluctuations in patient mortality he discovered at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital where he was chief pharmacist. What is crucial is his use of terms such as "living clock," "entrainment," and "innate rhythm" and the applicability of the advanced concepts Because Virey introduced the notion of temporal variations and the impact of the alternation of day and night on these variations, this thesis is a historic testimonial to understanding of biological rhythms in the first half of the 19th century. We may assume from his writings on rhythmic fluctuations that he offered the theory, followed by an experiment, however primitive, from which he drew conclusions and postulated a mechanism (the living clock) that would later prove accurate. All of these aspects indicate that this study represents an early exploration of the notion of temporal variations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Touitou
- Chronobiology Unit, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
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Iqbal M, Elmassry A, Said O. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention-A Narrative Review". Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2813-2816. [PMID: 37428403 PMCID: PMC10441919 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iqbal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82425 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmassry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar Said
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Zhang L, Lei CY, Zhang ZC, Gu JY, Zhang MX. Accidental macular injury from short-term exposure to a handheld high-intensity LED light. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18705. [PMID: 37554811 PMCID: PMC10404656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of macular injury caused by short-term exposure to a handheld high-intensity light emitting diode (LED) light. DESIGN Interventional case report. PARTICIPANT A patient with macular injury caused by short-term exposure to the light of a handheld high-intensity LED device. INTERVENTION The patient was examined and followed for 3 months after exposure with ophthalmologic examinations (including funduscopy, optical coherence tomography [OCT], fluorescein angiography [FA], and multifocal electroretinography [mfERG]). The injured eye was treated with one retrobulbar injection of 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide at 5 days after exposure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity, ophthalmoscopic, and OCT findings. RESULTS 3 days after exposure, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right eye was 6/20. OCT revealed the acute stage of the injury with eminence of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). BCVA was improved to 16/20 and 20/20 at 19 and 33 days after exposure, respectively. OCT results of follow-ups at five days, 19 days, 33 days and 3 months after exposure have demonstrated the restoration process of the injury. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to high-intensity LED light may cause damage to the retina. As the expansion of LED use in modern life, education and supervision are of urgent need for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lei
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Jin-Yue Gu
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Xia Zhang
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Coste O, Touitou Y. Hypoxia treatment of Parkinson's disease may disrupt the circadian system. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:234. [PMID: 37337177 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coste
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Pathologie du Sommeil, Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France.
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Lou L, Frishman LJ, Beach KM, Rajagopalan L, Hung LF, She Z, Smith EL, Ostrin LA. Long-term blue light rearing does not affect in vivo retinal function in young rhesus monkeys. Doc Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10633-023-09931-0. [PMID: 36995437 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to blue light is thought to be harmful to the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term exposure to narrowband blue light on retinal function in rhesus monkeys. METHODS Young rhesus monkeys were reared under short-wavelength "blue" light (n = 7; 465 nm, 183 ± 28 lx) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 26 ± 2 days of age. Age-matched control monkeys were reared under broadband "white" light (n = 8; 504 ± 168 lx). Light- and dark-adapted full-field flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded at 330 ± 9 days of age. Photopic stimuli were brief red flashes (0.044-5.68 cd.s/m2) on a rod-saturating blue background and the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard 3.0 white flash on a 30 cd/m2 white background. Monkeys were dark adapted for 20 min and scotopic stimuli were ISCEV standard white flashes of 0.01, 3.0, and 10 cd.s/m2. A-wave, b-wave, and photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitudes were measured. Light-adapted ERGs in young monkeys were compared to ERGs in adult monkeys reared in white light (n = 10; 4.91 ± 0.88 years of age). RESULTS For red flashes on a blue background, there were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.46), b-wave (P = 0.75), and PhNR amplitudes (P = 0.94) between white light and blue light reared monkeys for all stimulus energies. ISCEV standard light- and dark-adapted a- and b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a- and b-wave implicit times between groups for all ISCEV standard stimuli (P > 0.05 for all). PhNR amplitudes of young monkeys were significantly smaller compared to adult monkeys for all stimulus energies (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.19) and b-wave (P = 0.17) amplitudes between young and adult white light reared monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to narrowband blue light did not affect photopic or scotopic ERG responses in young monkeys. Findings suggest that exposure to 12 h of daily blue light for approximately 10 months does not result in altered retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Lou
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Krista M Beach
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Li-Fang Hung
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihui She
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Earl L Smith
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Jin M, Zhang XY, Ying Q, Hu HJ, Feng XT, Peng Z, Pang YL, Yan F, Zhang X. Antioxidative and Mitochondrial Protection in Retinal Pigment Epithelium: New Light Source in Action. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054794. [PMID: 36902225 PMCID: PMC10003667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (called 1900 K LEDs for short) have the potential to become a healthy light source due to their blue-free property. Our previous research demonstrated that these LEDs posed no harm to retinal cells and even protected the ocular surface. Treatment targeting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a promising direction for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nevertheless, no study has evaluated the protective effects of these LEDs on RPE. Therefore, we used the ARPE-19 cell line and zebrafish to explore the protective effects of 1900 K LEDs. Our results showed that the 1900 K LEDs could increase the cell vitality of ARPE-19 cells at different irradiances, with the most pronounced effect at 10 W/m2. Moreover, the protective effect increased with time. Pretreatment with 1900 K LEDs could protect the RPE from death after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial damage caused by H2O2. In addition, we preliminarily demonstrated that irradiation with 1900 K LEDs in zebrafish did not cause retinal damage. To sum up, we provide evidence for the protective effects of 1900 K LEDs on the RPE, laying the foundation for future light therapy using these LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-86318907
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12
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Ubiquitous light-emitting diodes: Potential threats to retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160809. [PMID: 36502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has increased considerably in the 21st century with humans living in a modern photoperiod with brighter nights and dimmer days. Prolonged exposure to LEDs, especially at night, is considered a new source of pollution because it may affect the synthesis and secretion of retinal melatonin and dopamine, resulting in negative impacts on retinal circadian clocks and potentially disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. The control of ocular refraction is believed to be related to retinal circadian rhythms. Moreover, the global prevalence of myopia has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. The widespread use of LEDs and the rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia overlap, which is unlikely to be a coincidence. The connection among LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms, and refractive development is both fascinating and confusing. In this review, we aim to develop a systematic framework that includes LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. This paper summarizes the possible mechanisms by which LEDs may disrupt retinal circadian rhythms. We propose that prolonged exposure to LEDs may induce myopia by disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. Finally, we suggest several possible countermeasures to prevent LED interference on retinal circadian rhythms, with the hope of reducing the onset and progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Institute, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Di Simone E, Panattoni N, De Giorgi A, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Bondanelli M, Rodríguez-Cortés FJ, López-Soto PJ, Giannetta N, Dionisi S, Di Muzio M, Fabbian F. Googling Insomnia, Light, Metabolism, and Circadian: A Population Interest Simple Report. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121683. [PMID: 36552143 PMCID: PMC9775449 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to light at night, insomnia, and disrupted circadian patterns could be considered risk factors for developing noncommunicable diseases. Understanding the awareness of the general population about the abovementioned factors could be essential to predict noncommunicable diseases. This report aimed to investigate the general community's interest in circadian, insomnia, metabolism, and light using Google Trends, and to evaluate results from different geographic areas. Relative search volumes (RSVs) for the factors mentioned, filtered by the "Health" category, were collected between 2007 and 2021. Moreover, RSVs were analysed in five different European languages. Worldwide mean RSVs for "Circadian", "Insomnia", "Light", and "Metabolism" during the study period were 2%, 13.4%, 62.2%, and 10%, respectively. In different developed countries, searching for light, insomnia, and metabolism were different, suggesting a variable level of awareness. Limited knowledge about the circadian pattern of human activities was detected. The highest correlation coefficient was calculated. Our results suggest the potential role of extensive data analysis in understanding the public interest and awareness about these risk factors. Moreover, it should be interpreted as the onset of stimulus for researchers to use comprehensible language for reaching comprehensive media coverage to prevent sleep and circadian system disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Di Simone
- Nursing, Technical, Rehabilitation, Assistance and Research Direction-IRCCS Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri-IFO, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panattoni
- Nursing, Technical, Rehabilitation, Assistance and Research Direction-IRCCS Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri-IFO, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- Clinica Medica Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francisco José Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noemi Giannetta
- School of Nursing, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Dionisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Carciofo R. Morning affect, eveningness, and amplitude distinctness: Associations with behavioural indicators of conscientiousness. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1590-1600. [PMID: 36278268 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2134787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Morningness is associated with well-being, better sleep quality, and more conscientiousness, while eveningness is associated with negative emotionality, poorer sleep quality, and less conscientiousness. The current study aimed to further understanding of associations with conscientiousness by assessing specific behavioural indicators of conscientiousness, morningness-eveningness, and also the Morning Affect and Distinctness (amplitude of diurnal variation) aspects of circadian functioning. A survey of Chinese university students (N = 369, aged 18-30, mean = 19.48, SD = 1.922; 108 males, 261 females), included the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale, measures of conscientiousness, mindfulness, life satisfaction, aspects of sleep, and the Behavioural Indicators of Conscientiousness (BIC) scale. Morningness and Morning Affect were positively correlated with life satisfaction, mindfulness, better sleep quality, more conscientiousness, and with BIC including Hardworking, Self-control, and Punctuality. Distinctness showed negative correlations with these variables. Negative correlations between Eveningness and conscientiousness, and the BIC subscales of Hardworking and Cleanliness were no longer significant after controlling for Morning Affect. Mediation analysis showed that the associations between Eveningness and conscientiousness/BIC were mediated by Morning Affect. These results extend previous research by showing associations between circadian functioning and specific behavioural indicators of conscientiousness, and suggest that low Morning Affect may provide a mechanism for the relationship between Eveningness and conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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15
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Chen CX, Li TMH, Zhang J, Li SX, Yu MWM, Tsang CC, Chan KCC, Au CT, Li AM, Kong APS, Chan JWY, Wing YK, Chan NY. The impact of sleep-corrected social jetlag on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Sleep Med 2022; 100:494-500. [PMID: 36272246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which included 4787 adolescents (Mean age: 14.83±1.6y, 56.0% girls) recruited from 15 secondary schools in Hong Kong. SJLsc was defined as the absolute difference between sleep-corrected midsleep on weekdays and weekends, at which the sleep debt has been considered. It was classified into three groups: low-level ("LSJLsc", <1h), mid-level ("MSJLsc", ≥1h and <2h), and high-level of SJLsc ("HSJLsc", ≥2h). Adolescents' mental health, behavioral problems and daytime sleepiness were measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) analysis were applied with consideration of confounders including age, gender, puberty and sleep problems. RESULTS Nearly half (46.9%) of adolescents had SJLsc for at least 1 h. Greater SJLsc was associated with more behavioral difficulties (MSJLsc: OR: 1.20, p = 0.03; HSJLsc: OR: 1.34, p = 0.02) when controlling for age, sex, puberty, chronotype, insomnia, and time in bed. There was a dose-response relationship in which higher SJLsc had an increased risk of conduct problems and hyperactivity, while only high-level SJLsc was associated with a peer relationship problem. In RCS analysis, SJLsc was associated with a higher likelihood of behavioral difficulties (p = 0.03) but not poor mental health or daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Sleep-corrected social jetlag was a unique risk factor for behavioral problems in adolescents. Our findings highlighted the need for interventions to promote healthy sleep-wake patterns in school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xie Chen
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tim Man Ho Li
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mandy Wai Man Yu
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi Ching Tsang
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kate Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun Ting Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Zhang D, Zhu H, Yu X, Wang L, Wen Y, Zhang L, Tong J, Shen Y. Blue light attenuates TGF-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells via autophagy impairment. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:456. [DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) was related to pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). It has been reported that blue light could have an effect on EMT. This study aims to elucidate the role and potential mechanism of autophagy in EMT after blue light exposure in LECs.
Methods
HLE-B3 cells were treated with TGF-β2 with different concentration and time to induce EMT as a model of PCO in vitro. Cells were exposed to blue light with or without TGF-β2. The expression levels of EMT-associated markers were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell migration ability was determined by transwell migration assay and wound healing assay. The expressions of autophagy-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Rapamycin and chloroquine were utilized in cells for autophagy activation and inhibition.
Results
TGF-β2 induced autophagy activation during EMT progression in HLE-B3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Blue light exposure inhibited TGF-β2-induced EMT characterized by inhibited expression of EMT related markers and reduced migration capacity. Meanwhile, blue light exposure impaired autophagy activated by TGF-β2. Furthermore, Autophagy activation with rapamycin rescued EMT attenuated by blue light. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine reduced TGF-β2-induced EMT in HLE-B3 cells.
Conclusion
Blue light exposure had inhibited effects on TGF-β2-induced EMT in LECs through autophagy impairment, which provides a new insight on prevention and treatment of PCO.
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17
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Guan Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. The role of light pollution in mammalian metabolic homeostasis and its potential interventions: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120045. [PMID: 36030956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irregular or unnatural artificial light causes severe environmental stress on the survival and health of organisms, which is rapidly becoming a widespread new type of environmental pollution. A series of disruptive behaviors to body homeostasis brought about by light pollution, including metabolic abnormalities, are likely to be the result of circadian rhythm disturbances. Recently, the proposed role of light pollution in metabolic dysregulation has accelerated it into an emerging field. Hence, the regulatory role of light pollution in mammalian metabolic homeostasis is reviewed in this contribution. Light at night is the most widely affected type of light pollution, which disrupts metabolic homeostasis largely due to its disruption of daily food intake patterns, alterations of hormone levels such as melatonin and glucocorticoids, and changes in the rhythm of inflammatory factor production. Besides, light pollution impairs mammalian metabolic processes in an intensity-, photoperiod-, and wavelength-dependent manner, and is also affected by species, gender, and diets. Nevertheless, metabolic disorders triggered by light pollution are not irreversible to some extent. Potential interventions such as melatonin supplementation, recovery to the LD cycle, time-restricted feeding, voluntary exercise, wearing blue light-shied goggles, and bright morning light therapy open a bright avenue to prevent light pollution. This work will help strengthen the relationship between light information and metabolic homeostasis and provide new insights for the better prevention of metabolic disorders and light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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18
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Bauer M, Glenn T, Achtyes ED, Alda M, Agaoglu E, Altınbaş K, Andreassen OA, Angelopoulos E, Ardau R, Aydin M, Ayhan Y, Baethge C, Bauer R, Baune BT, Balaban C, Becerra-Palars C, Behere AP, Behere PB, Belete H, Belete T, Belizario GO, Bellivier F, Belmaker RH, Benedetti F, Berk M, Bersudsky Y, Bicakci Ş, Birabwa-Oketcho H, Bjella TD, Brady C, Cabrera J, Cappucciati M, Castro AMP, Chen WL, Cheung EYW, Chiesa S, Crowe M, Cuomo A, Dallaspezia S, Del Zompo M, Desai P, Dodd S, Etain B, Fagiolini A, Fellendorf FT, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Fiedorowicz JG, Fountoulakis KN, Frye MA, Geoffroy PA, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Gottlieb JF, Grof P, Haarman BCM, Harima H, Hasse-Sousa M, Henry C, Høffding L, Houenou J, Imbesi M, Isometsä ET, Ivkovic M, Janno S, Johnsen S, Kapczinski F, Karakatsoulis GN, Kardell M, Kessing LV, Kim SJ, König B, Kot TL, Koval M, Kunz M, Lafer B, Landén M, Larsen ER, Lenger M, Lewitzka U, Licht RW, Lopez-Jaramillo C, MacKenzie A, Madsen HØ, Madsen SAKA, Mahadevan J, Mahardika A, Manchia M, Marsh W, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Martiny K, Mashima Y, McLoughlin DM, Meesters Y, Melle I, Meza-Urzúa F, Mok YM, Monteith S, Moorthy M, Morken G, Mosca E, Mozzhegorov AA, Munoz R, Mythri SV, Nacef F, Nadella RK, Nakanotani T, Nielsen RE, O'Donovan C, Omrani A, Osher Y, Ouali U, Pantovic-Stefanovic M, Pariwatcharakul P, Petite J, Pfennig A, Ruiz YP, Pinna M, Pompili M, Porter R, Quiroz D, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Ramesar R, Rasgon N, Ratta-Apha W, Ratzenhofer M, Redahan M, Reddy MS, Reif A, Reininghaus EZ, Richards JG, Ritter P, Rybakowski JK, Sathyaputri L, Scippa ÂM, Simhandl C, Smith D, Smith J, Stackhouse PW, Stein DJ, Stilwell K, Strejilevich S, Su KP, Subramaniam M, Sulaiman AH, Suominen K, Tanra AJ, Tatebayashi Y, Teh WL, Tondo L, Torrent C, Tuinstra D, Uchida T, Vaaler AE, Vieta E, Viswanath B, Yoldi-Negrete M, Yalcinkaya OK, Young AH, Zgueb Y, Whybrow PC. Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder. J Psychosom Res 2022; 160:110982. [PMID: 35932492 PMCID: PMC7615104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. METHODS Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. RESULTS The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tasha Glenn
- ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Achtyes
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Division of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Esen Agaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Altınbaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Mazhar Osman Mood Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elias Angelopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Memduha Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Ayhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christopher Baethge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ceylan Balaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Aniruddh P Behere
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Prakash B Behere
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, India
| | - Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gabriel Okawa Belizario
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Robert H Belmaker
- Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuly Bersudsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Şule Bicakci
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Thomas D Bjella
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Conan Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jorge Cabrera
- Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Angela Marianne Paredes Castro
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Silvia Chiesa
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Etain
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kostas N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France; GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Pinto
- BIOARABA. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain
| | - John F Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Grof
- Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hirohiko Harima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Chantal Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, F-75014, Paris France, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Lone Høffding
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, APHP, Mondor Univ Hospitals, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Erkki T Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maja Ivkovic
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sven Janno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon Johnsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gregory N Karakatsoulis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mathias Kardell
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Barbara König
- BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Timur L Kot
- Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik R Larsen
- Mental Health Department Odense, University Clinic and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Lewitzka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rasmus W Licht
- Psychiatry - Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alan MacKenzie
- Forensic Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Agustine Mahardika
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wendy Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa
- Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, BioAraba Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Spain; The Psychology Clinic of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Martiny
- Copenhagen University Hospitals, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mashima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Dept of Psychiatry & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, SHG Klinikum, Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Yee Ming Mok
- Department of Mood and Anxiety disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Scott Monteith
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA
| | - Muthukumaran Moorthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enrica Mosca
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Rodrigo Munoz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Starlin V Mythri
- Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Assam 788727, India
| | - Fethi Nacef
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ravi K Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Takako Nakanotani
- Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Psychiatry - Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adel Omrani
- Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Lac 2, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yamima Osher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uta Ouali
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Pornjira Pariwatcharakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joanne Petite
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marco Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Danilo Quiroz
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Raj Ramesar
- SA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Woraphat Ratta-Apha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Redahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M S Reddy
- Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jenny Gringer Richards
- Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leela Sathyaputri
- Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ângela M Scippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Christian Simhandl
- Bipolar Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - José Smith
- AREA, Assistance and Research in Affective Disorders, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paul W Stackhouse
- Science Directorate/Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kellen Stilwell
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sergio Strejilevich
- AREA, Assistance and Research in Affective Disorders, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirsi Suominen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andi J Tanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yoshitaka Tatebayashi
- Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Mood Disorder Lucio Bini Centers, Cagliari e Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Torrent
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Tuinstra
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Takahito Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Maria Yoldi-Negrete
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oguz Kaan Yalcinkaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yosra Zgueb
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Peter C Whybrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abdraboh ME, El-Missiry MA, Othman AI, Taha AN, Elhamed DSA, Amer ME. Constant light exposure and/or pinealectomy increases susceptibility to trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity and liver cancer in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60371-60384. [PMID: 35419691 PMCID: PMC9427929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to light at night, pineal gland impairment, and the environmental pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE) have serious implications for health and contribute to illness, including liver cancer. The adverse effect of the association of continuous exposure to light with decreased melatonin levels and TCE-induced toxicity is not disclosed in target organs. This work explored the role of light and pineal impairment in increasing susceptibility to liver toxicity and cancer upon exposure to TCE. Male albino mice were divided into groups as follows: control group (12-h light/12-h dark cycle), constant light (24-h light), pinealectomized (Pnx) mice, sham surgically treated group, TCE-treated groups subjected to two doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) at two different light regimens, and combination of Pnx and TCE-treated mice kept at a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. Melatonin levels were significantly decreased in both Pnx mice and TCE-treated animals at both light regimens. Aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, activities, and serum bilirubin levels were significantly elevated, whereas albumin levels were markedly decreased in Pnx mice, TCE-treated mice, and the combination group. Histopathological investigations reflected changes in liver function parameters indicating liver injury and induction of cancer. These effects were accompanied by significant increase of the liver cancer biomarker alpha-fetoprotein and the expression of the metastatic markers CD44, TGFβ-1, and VEGF, along with increased oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in both Pnx and TCE-treated mice and the combination group at both light regimens. Taken together, our findings indicated that low melatonin levels, exposure to constant light, and the combination of both factors increases susceptibility to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of TCE on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abdraboh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Azza I Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nageeb Taha
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Abd Elhamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wong NA, Bahmani H. A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10282. [PMID: 36042717 PMCID: PMC9420367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is necessary for human health and well-being. As we spend more time indoors, we are being increasingly exposed to artificial light. The development of artificial lighting has allowed us to control the brightness, colour, and timing of our light exposure. Yet, the widespread use of artificial light has raised concerns about the impact of altering our light environment on our health. The widespread adoption of personal digital devices over the past decade has exposed us to yet another source of artificial light. We spend a significant amount of time using digital devices with light-emitting screens, including smartphones and tablets, at close range. The light emitted from these devices, while appearing white, has an emission spectrum with a peak in the blue range. Blue light is often characterised as hazardous as its photon energy is higher than that of other wavelengths of visible light. Under certain conditions, visible blue light can cause harm to the retina and other ocular structures. Blue light can also influence the circadian rhythm and processes mediated by melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. While the blue component of sunlight is necessary for various physiological processes, whether the low-illuminance artificial blue light emitted from digital devices presents a risk to our health remains an ongoing area of debate. As technological advancements continue, it is relevant to understand how new devices may influence our well-being. This review examines the existing research on artificial blue light safety and the eye, visual performance, and circadian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Bahmani
- Dopavision GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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21
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Touitou Y, Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J. Assessment of cortisol secretory pattern in workers chronically exposed to ELF-EMF generated by high voltage transmission lines and substations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107103. [PMID: 35121496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs; 50 Hz) on the secretion of cortisol in 14 men (mean age = 38.0 ± 0.9 years) working in extra-high voltage (EHV) substations. The workers dwelt in houses that were close to substations and high-voltage lines. Thus, they had long histories (1-20 years) of long-yerm exposure to ELF-EMFs. Magnetic field strength was recorded using Emdex dosimeters worn by the volunteers day and night for seven days; the one-week geometric mean ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 μT. Blood samples were taken hourly from 20:00 to 08:00 the next morning. Cortisol concentrations and patterns were compared to age-matched, unexposed control subjects whose exposure level was ten times lower. The comparison of the control group (n = 15) and the groups exposed to fields of 0.1-0.3 μT (n = 5) and > 0.3 μT (n = 9), respectively, revealed a significant effect of field intensity on the cortisol secretory pattern. This study strongly suggests that chronic exposure to ELF-EMFs alters the peak-time serum cortisol levels. Studies are required on the effect of this disruption in high-risk populations such as children, elderly people, and patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France and PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Jacques Lambrozo
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France
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22
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Zhang S, Xu M, Shen Z, Shang C, Zhang W, Chen S, Liu C. Green light exposure aggravates high-fat diet feeding-induced hepatic steatosis and pancreatic dysfunction in male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112802. [PMID: 34555719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with external environments, such as unhealthy ambient light exposure. Of note, spectral distribution of the light functions as a critical determinant of light's pathophysiological effects. However, the effects of the lighting spectrum on metabolic homeostasis and the specific target organs remain elusive. To address this concern, we in this study high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice with different spectra of the light, and divided them into white light (WL)-treated group, green light (GL)-treated group and blue light (BL)-treated group. We found that compared with BL- or WL-treated obese mice, animals exposed to GL showed worsened metabolic status, including increased body weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance/insulin sensitivity, increased levels of serum lipids, and decreased levels of serum insulin. At the organ level, GL exposure particularly exacerbated hepatic lipid accumulation and enlarged the islet volume. Taking advantages of metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, we screened out taurocholic acid (TCA) and adenosine (AD) as two promising metabolites mediating the deleterious effects of GL on the liver and islets, respectively. In detail, GL aggravates HFD-induced lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver via the reduction of TCA, while triggering inflammation and cellular dysfunction in islets via the induction of AD. Collectively, our findings confirmed that GL and the HFD have a synergistic effect in the induction of metabolic disorders. DATA AVAILABILITY: All data supported the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. The original datasets are also available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changrui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology and Experimental Platform for Drug Chronological Intervention and Therapy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Active Components of Natural Medicine and Drug Release Technology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Retinal Protection from LED-Backlit Screen Lights by Short Wavelength Absorption Filters. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113248. [PMID: 34831470 PMCID: PMC8618415 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ocular exposure to intense light or long-time exposure to low-intensity short-wavelength lights may cause eye injury. Excessive levels of blue light induce photochemical damage to the retinal pigment and degeneration of photoreceptors of the outer segments. Currently, people spend a lot of time watching LED screens that emit high proportions of blue light. This study aims to assess the effects of light emitted by LED tablet screens on pigmented rat retinas with and without optical filters. (2) Methods: Commercially available tablets were used for exposure experiments on three groups of rats. One was exposed to tablet screens, the other was exposed to the tablet screens with a selective filter and the other was a control group. Structure, gene expression (including life/death, extracellular matrix degradation, growth factors, and oxidative stress related genes), and immunohistochemistry in the retina were compared among groups. (3) Results: There was a reduction of the thickness of the external nuclear layer and changes in the genes involved in cell survival and death, extracellular matrix turnover, growth factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading decrease in cell density and retinal damage in the first group. Modulation of gene changes was observed when the LED light of screens was modified with an optical filter. (4) Conclusions: The use of short-wavelength selective filters on the screens contribute to reduce LED light-induced damage in the rat retina.
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Light at night disrupts biological clocks, calendars, and immune function. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 44:165-173. [PMID: 34731290 PMCID: PMC8564795 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Light at night is a pervasive problem in our society; over 80% of the world’s population experiences significant light pollution. Exacerbating this issue is the reality that artificially lit outdoor areas are growing by 2.2% per year and continuously lit areas brighten by 2.2% each year due to the rapid growths in population and urbanization. Furthermore, the increase in the prevalence of night shift work and smart device usage contributes to the inescapable nature of artificial light at night (ALAN). Although previously assumed to be innocuous, ALAN has deleterious effects on the circadian system and circadian-regulated physiology, particularly immune function. Due to the relevance of ALAN to the general population, it is important to understand its roles in disrupting immune function. This review presents a synopsis of the effects of ALAN on circadian clocks and immune function. We delineate the role of ALAN in altering clock gene expression and suppressing melatonin. We review the effects of light at night on inflammation and the innate and adaptive immune systems in various species to demonstrate the wide range of ALAN consequences. Finally, we propose future directions to provide further clarity and expansion of the field.
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25
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Carciofo R. A time to wander: exploring associations between components of circadian functioning, mind wandering typology, and time-of-day. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1972522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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26
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Mao Y, Shao F, Zhao Q, Peng Z. Molecular Evolution of clock Genes in Vertebrates. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:494-512. [PMID: 34297154 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms not only influence the overall daily routine of organisms but also directly affect life activities to varying degrees. Circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (Clock), the most critical gene in the circadian rhythm feedback system, plays an important role in the regulation of biological rhythms. Here, we aimed to elucidate the evolutionary history of the clock gene family in a taxonomically diverse set of vertebrates, providing novel insights into the evolution of the clock gene family based on 102 vertebrate genomes. Using genome-wide analysis, we extracted 264 clock sequences. In lobe-finned fishes and some basal non-teleost ray-finned fishes, only two clock isotypes were found (clock1 and clock2). However, the majority of teleosts possess three clock genes (two clock1 genes and one clock2 gene) owing to extra whole-genome duplication. The following syntenic analysis confirmed that clock1a, clock1b, and clock2 are conserved in teleost species. Interestingly, we discovered that osteoglossomorph fishes possess two clock2 genes. Moreover, protein sequence comparisons indicate that CLOCK protein changes among vertebrates were concentrated at the N-terminal and poly Q regions. We also performed a dN/dS analysis, and the results suggest that clock1 and clock2 may show distinct fates for duplicated genes between the lobe-finned and ray-finned fish clades. Collectively, these results provide a genome-wide insight into clock gene evolution in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zuogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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27
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Nie J, Zhou T, Chen Z, Dang W, Jiao F, Zhan J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Kang X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Tang Y, Dong W, Zhou S, Ma Y, Yu X, Zhang G, Shen B. The effects of dynamic daylight-like light on the rhythm, cognition, and mood of irregular shift workers in closed environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13059. [PMID: 34158564 PMCID: PMC8219698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift workers are mostly suffered from the disruption of circadian rhythm and health problems. In this study, we designed proper light environment to maintain stable circadian rhythm, cognitive performance, and mood status of shift workers. We used five-channel light-emitting diodes to build up the dynamic daylight-like light environment. The illuminance, correlated color temperature, and circadian action factor of light were tunable in the ranges of 226 to 678 lx, 2680 to 7314 K, and 0.32 to 0.96 throughout the day (5:30 to 19:40). During the nighttime, these parameters maintained about 200 lx, 2700 K, and 0.32, respectively. In this light environment, three subjects had engaged in shift work for 38 consecutive days. We measured plasma melatonin, activity counts, continuous performance tests, and visual analogue scale on mood to assess the rhythm, cognitive performance, and mood of subjects. After 38-day shift work, the subjects' peak melatonin concentration increased significantly. Their physiological and behavioral rhythms maintained stable. Their cognitive performance improved significantly after night work, compared with that before night work. Their mood status had no significant change during the 38-day shift work. These results indicated that the light environment was beneficial to maintain circadian rhythm, cognitive performance and mood status during long-term shift work in closed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Fei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinglin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zuojian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiangning Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yantao Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Haidian District, 51, Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
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Ishihara A, Park I, Suzuki Y, Yajima K, Cui H, Yanagisawa M, Sano T, Kido J, Tokuyama K. Metabolic responses to polychromatic LED and OLED light at night. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12402. [PMID: 34117328 PMCID: PMC8196130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exposure at night has various implications for human health, but little is known about its effects on energy metabolism during subsequent sleep. We investigated the effects of polychromatic white light using conventional light-emitting diodes (LED) and an alternative light source, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), producing reduced spectral content in the short wavelength of blue light (455 nm). Ten male participants were exposed to either LED, OLED (1000 lx), or dim (< 10 lx) light for 4 h before sleep in a metabolic chamber. Following OLED exposure, energy expenditure and core body temperature during sleep were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fat oxidation during sleep was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) after the exposure to LED compared with OLED. Following exposure to OLED, fat oxidation positively correlated with the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, suggesting that the role of melatonin in lipolysis differs depending on the light. These findings advance our knowledge regarding the role of light in energy metabolism during sleep and provide a potential alternative to mitigate the negative consequences of light exposure at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ishihara
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- grid.411949.00000 0004 1770 2033Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Huiyun Cui
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Innovation Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
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29
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Investigation of the Optimum Display Luminance of an LCD Screen under Different Ambient Illuminances in the Evening. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient illuminance and screen luminance have a significant influence on the visual fatigue and visual performance associated with the use of computers. The current study was conducted to investigate optimal screen luminance under different ambient illuminances and fit a curve of the optimum luminance of LCD screens under evening illumination. Thirty-three participants were assigned to rate screen brightness, visual comfort with screen luminance, satisfaction with ambient illuminance and visual fatigue under six screen luminance levels (3.87, 21.47, 42.74, 64.12, 84.77 and 106.7 cd/m2) combined with five ambient illuminance levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 lx) in the evening. The results showed that optimum LCD screen luminance increased with increasing ambient illuminance. Moreover, ambient illuminance and screen luminance levels should be in the range of 13.08–62.16 lx and 20.63–75.15 cd/m2, respectively, to obtain the optimal subjective feelings of visual fatigue and visual comfort during the evening.
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30
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Blue light insertion at night is involved in sleep and arousal-promoting response delays and depressive-like emotion in mice. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227923. [PMID: 33624794 PMCID: PMC7938454 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays a direct crucial role in the switch between sleep and arousal and the regulation of physiology and behaviour, such as circadian rhythms and emotional change. Artificial lights, which are different from natural light sources with a continuous light spectrum, are composed of three single-colour lights and are increasingly applied in modern society. However, in vivo research on the mechanisms of blue light-regulated sleep and arousal is still insufficient. In this work, we detected the effects of inserting white or blue light for 1 h during the dark period on the wheel-running activity and sucrose preference of C57 mice. The results showed that blue light could induce delays in sleep and arousal-promoting responses. Furthermore, this lighting pattern, including blue light alone, induced depressive-like emotions. The c-fos expression in the blue light group was significantly higher in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) and significantly lower in the cingulate cortex (Cg) and anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVA) than in the white light group. Compared with the white light group, the phospho-ERK expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and PVA was lower in the blue light group. These molecular changes indicated that certain brain regions are involved in blue light-induced response processes. This study may provide useful information to explore the specific mechanism of special light-regulated physiological function.
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31
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Hallmarks of environmental insults. Cell 2021; 184:1455-1468. [PMID: 33657411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental insults impair human health around the world. Contaminated air, water, soil, food, and occupational and household settings expose humans of all ages to a plethora of chemicals and environmental stressors. We propose eight hallmarks of environmental insults that jointly underpin the damaging impact of environmental exposures during the lifespan. Specifically, they include oxidative stress and inflammation, genomic alterations and mutations, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, endocrine disruption, altered intercellular communication, altered microbiome communities, and impaired nervous system function. They provide a framework to understand why complex mixtures of environmental exposures induce severe health effects even at relatively modest concentrations.
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32
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Bauer S. Blue-Light Hazard of Light-Emitting Diodes Assessed with Gaussian Functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E680. [PMID: 33466917 PMCID: PMC7830240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The high blue proportion of phosphor-conversion white-light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), especially of those with higher correlated color temperatures (CCT), raises concern about photochemically induced retinal damages. Although almost all general lighting service LEDs are safe, other applications exist, like spotlights for theatres or at construction sites, that can pose a severe blue-light hazard (BLH) risk, and their photobiological safety must be assessed. Because of required but challenging radiance measurements, a calculative approach can be supportive for risk assessment. It is the aim of this work to exploit Gaussian functions to study LED parameter variations affecting BLH exposure. Gaussian curve approximations for color LEDs, the BLH action spectrum, and the spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision enabled analytically solving the BLH efficiency, ηB, and the BLH efficacy of luminous radiation, KB,v. It was found that sigmoidal functions describe the CCT dependence of ηB and KB,v for different color LEDs with equal spectral bandwidth. Regarding pc-LEDs, variations of peak wavelengths, intensities, and bandwidths led to linear or parabolic shaped chromaticity coordinate correlations. ηB and KB,v showed pronounced CCT dependent extrema that might be exploited to reduce BLH. Finally, an experimental test of the presented Gaussian approach yielded its successful applicability for color and pc-LEDs but a minor accuracy for blue and green LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 44149 Dortmund, Germany
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33
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Sunde E, Pedersen T, Mrdalj J, Thun E, Grønli J, Harris A, Bjorvatn B, Waage S, Skene DJ, Pallesen S. Alerting and Circadian Effects of Short-Wavelength vs. Long-Wavelength Narrow-Bandwidth Light during a Simulated Night Shift. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:502-522. [PMID: 33255613 PMCID: PMC7712639 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light can be used to facilitate alertness, task performance and circadian adaptation during night work. Novel strategies for illumination of workplaces, using ceiling mounted LED-luminaires, allow the use of a range of different light conditions, altering intensity and spectral composition. This study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03203538) investigated the effects of short-wavelength narrow-bandwidth light (λmax = 455 nm) compared to long-wavelength narrow-bandwidth light (λmax = 625 nm), with similar photon density (~2.8 × 1014 photons/cm2/s) across light conditions, during a simulated night shift (23:00–06:45 h) when conducting cognitive performance tasks. Light conditions were administered by ceiling mounted LED-luminaires. Using a within-subjects repeated measurements study design, a total of 34 healthy young adults (27 females and 7 males; mean age = 21.6 years, SD = 2.0 years) participated. The results revealed significantly reduced sleepiness and improved task performance during the night shift with short-wavelength light compared to long-wavelength light. There was also a larger shift of the melatonin rhythm (phase delay) after working a night shift in short-wavelength light compared to long-wavelength light. Participants’ visual comfort was rated as better in the short-wavelength light than the long-wavelength light. Ceiling mounted LED-luminaires may be feasible to use in real workplaces, as these have the potential to provide light conditions that are favorable for alertness and performance among night workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Sunde
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.H.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-93638159
| | - Torhild Pedersen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.P.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.P.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Eirunn Thun
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Janne Grønli
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.P.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (B.B.); (S.W.)
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (B.B.); (S.W.)
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.H.); (S.P.)
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
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