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Candal-Pedreira C, Díaz-Pérez D, Velasco V, Casanova C, Acosta O, Peces-Barba G, Barreiro E, Cañas A, Castaño A, Cruz Carmona MJ, Diego C, Garcia-Aymerich J, Martínez C, Molina-Molina M, Muñoz X, Sánchez-Íñigo FJ, Ruano-Ravina A. Lung Function and Symptoms of Exposure to the Volcanic Eruption in the Canary Islands: First Follow-Up of the ASHES Study. Arch Bronconeumol 2024; 60:475-482. [PMID: 38760276 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to gases and particulate matter released during volcanic eruptions can prove harmful to population health. This paper reports the preliminary results of the ASHES study, aimed at ascertaining the respiratory health effects of the 2021 volcanic eruption in La Palma Island (Spain) on the adult population without previous respiratory disease. METHODS Ambispective cohort study on the healthy adult population. Three exposure groups were considered: Group 1, high exposure; Group 2, moderate exposure; and Group 3, minor or no exposure. We carried out a descriptive analysis of symptoms during and after the eruption, as well as measure lung function after the eruption (through forced spirometry and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide). RESULTS The analysis included 474 subjects: 54 in Group 1, 335 in Group 2, and 85 in Group 3. A significant increase in most symptoms was observed for subjects in the groups exposed during the eruption. After the eruption, this increase remained for some symptoms. There seems to be a dose-response relationship, such that the higher the exposure, the higher the odds ratio. A prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio<70% was observed in 13.0% of subjects in Group 1, 8.6% of subjects in Group 2, and 7.1% of subjects in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report a dose-response relationship between exposure to volcanic eruptions and the presence of symptoms in adults. Furthermore, there is a tendency toward obstructive impairment in individuals with higher exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Díaz-Pérez
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Teaching Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Valle Velasco
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Canary Islands University Teaching Hospital, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ciro Casanova
- Department of Pulmonology/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Teaching Hospital, La Laguna University, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Orlando Acosta
- Department of Pulmonology, Canary Islands University Teaching Hospital, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Department of Pulmonology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Teaching Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Del Mar Hospital Medical Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cañas
- National Center for Environmental Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Center for Environmental Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cruz Carmona
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Diego
- Department of Pulmonology, Ferrol University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; European Respiratory Society, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- Interstitial Lung Function Unit, Pulmonology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Bellvitge University Teaching Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela), Spain.
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Zanoletti A, Bontempi E. The impacts of earthquakes on air pollution and strategies for mitigation: a case study of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24662-24672. [PMID: 38411917 PMCID: PMC10998790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the repercussions of the 2023 earthquake in Turkey, particularity its impact on air pollution. A year post-event, it is evident that scientific literature has paid limited attention to monitoring the situation. However, the release of hazardous substances, such as asbestos, lead, and other toxins, from damaged structures poses a significant threat by contaminating nearby air, soil, and water sources, thereby jeopardizing ecosystems and public well-being. The improper disposal of waste post-earthquake and the presence of mining and oil refinery sites in the region contribute to potential air pollutants. These circumstances create challenging environments conducive to the spread of respiratory diseases, with potential long-term health and social consequences. Unfortunately, existing data gaps hinder a comprehensive understanding of the situation. This paper pioneers the reporting and analysis of data regarding potential sources of air pollution resulting from the earthquake in Turkey. It also pinpoints gaps in knowledge, outlining areas that demand further investigation. To effectively prevent and mitigate air pollution risks and associated health concerns linked to earthquakes, strategic recommendations are proposed. A key suggestion is the establishment of post-disaster air pollution monitoring systems capable of swiftly identifying emerging health issues, facilitating efficient responses, and curtailing potential long-term effects of the disaster. The paper underscores the necessity for continuous health monitoring of the affected population to mitigate possible adverse impacts on human health. These strategies play a pivotal role in reducing the likelihood of air pollution, supporting emergency response and recovery initiatives, and fostering new dedicated scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Pérez MC, Ferrer MEF, Boada LD, Pérez ADA, Aguilar MCD, Jerónimo JFF, Talavera IG, Gangotena LV, de la Torre AH, Simbaña-Rivera K, de León AC. Health impact of the Tajogaite volcano eruption in La Palma population (ISVOLCAN study): rationale, design, and preliminary results from the first 1002 participants. Environ Health 2024; 23:19. [PMID: 38350940 PMCID: PMC10863256 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eruption of the Tajogaite volcano began on the island of La Palma on September 19, 2021, lasting for 85 days. This study aims to present the design and methodology of the ISVOLCAN (Health Impact on the Population of La Palma due to the Volcanic Eruption) cohort, as well as the preliminary findings from the first 1002 enrolled participants. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted with random selection of adult participants from the general population, with an estimated sample size of 2600 individuals. The results of the first 857 participants are presented, along with a group of 145 voluntary participants who served as interveners during the eruption. Data on epidemiology and volcano exposure were collected, and participants underwent physical examinations, including anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, spirometry, and venous blood extraction for toxicological assessment. RESULTS In the general population (n = 857), descriptive analysis revealed that the participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (50.8 ± 16.4), with a predominance of females. Before the eruption, the participants resided at a median distance of 6.7 km from the volcano in the Western region and 10.9 km in the Eastern region. Approximately 15.4% of the sample required evacuation, whose 34.8% returning to their homes on average after 3 months. A significant number of participants reported engaging in daily tasks involving cleaning of volcanic ash both indoors and outdoors. The most reported acute symptoms included ocular irritation, insomnia, mood disorders (anxiety-depression), and respiratory symptoms. Multivariate analysis results show that participants in the western region had a higher likelihood of lower respiratory tract symptoms (OR 1.99; 95% CI:1.33-2.99), depression and anxiety (OR 1.95; 95% CI:1.30-2.93), and insomnia (OR 2.03; 95% CI:1.33-3.09), compared to those in the eastern region. CONCLUSION The ongoing follow-up of the ISVOLCAN cohort will provide valuable insights into the short, medium, and long-term health impact related to the material emitted during the Tajogaite eruption, based on the level of exposure suffered by the affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristo Rodríguez-Pérez
- University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and Primary Care Authority of Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Manuel Enrique Fuentes Ferrer
- University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and Primary Care Authority of Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Delia Afonso Pérez
- Primary care health centre of Breña Alta. Health Services Authority of La Palma, Breña Alta, Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio García Talavera
- University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and Primary Care Authority of Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Respiratory Department, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria., Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | - Katherine Simbaña-Rivera
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and Primary Care Authority of Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Department, Medical School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Martínez-Del-Pozo I, Esbrí JM, García-Lorenzo L, López-Andrés S. Synthesis of zeolites from volcanic ash (Tajogaite, Spain) for the remediation of waters contaminated by fluoride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7058-7072. [PMID: 38155312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In the eruptive event of Tajogaite (2021) in La Palma, Canary Islands, large quantities of volcanic ash were accumulated, affecting the local environment and urban areas. In this study, volcanic ash sampled from urban areas (catalogued as municipal waste (20 03 03) by the European Wastes Catalogue) were converted into zeolites by hydrothermal synthesis at 100 °C with previous alkaline fusion at 550 °C with distilled water. During this process, new phases of zeolite principally type X and sodalite have been identified by XRD at 2 h of incubation. These zeolites, with the course of incubation time, present competitive processes where the transformation into sodalite develops after 24 h as the predominant phase. The synthesized zeolitic material presents a high concentration as impurities in Fe2O3 (13.70 wt%), Na2O (12.70 wt%), CaO (11.65 wt%), and TiO2 (3.89 wt%) coming from the volcanic ash and NaOH introduced in the synthesis methodology. These impurities impart different physicochemical capabilities to the zeolitic material. The application of zeolites obtained in a preliminary fluoride adsorption experiment with volcanic leachate water rich in fluoride has been tested in a novel way. Removal efficiencies of 41.4% at acidic pH (5.77) have been obtained with 2 g L-1 adsorbent zeolitic material doses. A value-added material is obtained and applied in a preliminary way to solve a problem generated by the volcanic ash itself, allowing the End of Waste status and meeting different objectives of the sustainable development goals of the UN Agenda 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Martínez-Del-Pozo
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Esbrí
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz García-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol López-Andrés
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Ruggieri F, Forte G, Bocca B, Casentini B, Bruna Petrangeli A, Salatino A, Gimeno D. Potentially harmful elements released by volcanic ash of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (Cumbre Vieja, La Palma Island, Spain): Implications for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167103. [PMID: 37717768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the potential impacts on human health of volcanic ash emitted during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma Island, Spain). Ash samples were physically and chemically characterized and leaching tests (with deionized water and acidic solution) were performed according to the IVHHN protocols to elucidate i) the leachable elements that may affect water quality and represent a potential threat for livestock and humans through drinking water supply; and ii) the bioaccessible fraction of toxicants able to be solubilized from ash surfaces if ashes are incidentally ingested by children. The most abundant readily water-soluble compounds were SO4, F, Cl, Na, Ca, Ba, Mg, and Zn. Fluoride and chloride (up to 1085 and 1347 mg/kg) showed higher values in distal ash samples than closer ones. The potential F availability assessed from water leachates may suggest important environmental and health implications. In addition, long-term health hazard due to a long-term weathering of tephra deposits should be possible as confirmed by the greater amount of F extracted by acidic solution. Concentration of other trace elements (e.g., As, V, Mn, Mo, Cr, Fe, Se, Ti, Pb) were low compared to global medians and within the range globally assessed. Indicative calculation of hazard for water supply showed that F concentration may exceed both the recommended value (1 mg/L) for irrigation purpose and the health-based drinking water limits of 1.5 mg/L (for humans) and 2 mg/L (for livestock). If the predicted concentrations in water were compared with the toxicologically dose, F showed a potential health-risk for children through drinking water. The indicative health-risk characterization via accidental ash ingestion showed that the direct exposure does not represent a primary source of F daily intake for children. This important outcome confirmed F as element with the greatest health threat during Tajogaite 2021 eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Casentini
- Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Anastasio Salatino
- Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Domingo Gimeno
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Applied Geology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Milford C, Torres C, Vilches J, Gossman AK, Weis F, Suárez-Molina D, García OE, Prats N, Barreto Á, García RD, Bustos JJ, Marrero CL, Ramos R, Chinea N, Boulesteix T, Taquet N, Rodríguez S, López-Darias J, Sicard M, Córdoba-Jabonero C, Cuevas E. Impact of the 2021 La Palma volcanic eruption on air quality: Insights from a multidisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161652. [PMID: 36693573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The La Palma 2021 volcanic eruption was the first subaerial eruption in a 50-year period in the Canary Islands (Spain), emitting ~1.8 Tg of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the troposphere over nearly 3 months (19 September-13 December 2021), exceeding the total anthropogenic SO2 emitted from the 27 European Union countries in 2019. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the 2021 volcanic eruption on air quality (SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations) utilising a multidisciplinary approach, combining ground and satellite-based measurements with height-resolved aerosol and meteorological information. High concentrations of SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were observed in La Palma (hourly mean SO2 up to ~2600 μg m-3 and also sporadically at ~140 km distance on the island of Tenerife (> 7700 μg m-3) in the free troposphere. PM10 and PM2.5 daily mean concentrations in La Palma peaked at ~380 and 60 μg m-3. Volcanic aerosols and desert dust both impacted the lower troposphere in a similar height range (~ 0-6 km) during the eruption, providing a unique opportunity to study the combined effect of both natural phenomena. The impact of the 2021 volcanic eruption on SO2 and PM concentrations was strongly influenced by the magnitude of the volcanic emissions, the injection height, the vertical stratification of the atmosphere and its seasonal dynamics. Mean daily SO2 concentrations increased during the eruption, from 38 μg m-3 (Phase I) to 92 μg m-3 (Phase II), showing an opposite temporal trend to mean daily SO2 emissions, which decreased from 34 kt (Phase I) to 7 kt (Phase II). The results of this study are relevant for emergency preparedness in all international areas at risk of volcanic eruptions; a multidisciplinary approach is key to understand the processes by which volcanic eruptions affect air quality and to mitigate and minimise impacts on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Milford
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Carlos Torres
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jon Vilches
- Department of Ecological Transition, Fight against Climate Change and Territorial Planning, Canary Islands Government, Spain
| | | | | | - David Suárez-Molina
- Delegation of AEMET in the Canary Islands (DTCAN), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Spain
| | - Omaira E García
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Natalia Prats
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - África Barreto
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosa D García
- TRAGSATEC, Madrid, Spain; Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan J Bustos
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos L Marrero
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ramón Ramos
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Boulesteix
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Noémie Taquet
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jessica López-Darias
- Analytical Chemistry Department, La Laguna University, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Michaël Sicard
- CommSensLab, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain; CTE-CRAE/IEEC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, France
| | | | - Emilio Cuevas
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain.
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