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Ianiri G, Settimo G, Avino P. Atmospheric bulk depositions: state-of-the-art and European legislative framework with focus on Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34338-y. [PMID: 39039371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The determination of total atmospheric deposition (bulk) is an essential tool to assess the state of environmental contamination and the consequent exposure of the population to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the intake of contaminated food. Over the past 20 years, international authorities and the European Union through various pieces of legislation have emphasised the importance of conducting monitoring and studies on depositions to better understand their impact on the environment and human health without setting reference values. Despite the absence of such values, several European countries, through national laws, have adopted limit values and/or guideline values for the deposition fluxes of some organic (dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and inorganic persistent pollutants (metals). The aim of this review is both to summarise the present European legislation on depositions both to discuss the different legislations adopted by the various member states. Furthermore, a focus of this paper will be dedicated to the Italian legislation, where there is currently no specific guideline values for POPs in atmospheric deposition. In any case, some national authorities in Italy, such as the National Institute of Health (ISS) and the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies (ARPA), have conducted numerous monitoring activities on depositions, providing the scientific community and policymakers with numerous data on which to establish national reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Settimo
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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Gülegen B, Noori AA, Tasdemir Y. Urban air PCDD/Fs: Atmospheric concentrations, temporal changes, gas/particle partitioning, possible sources and cancer risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173231. [PMID: 38761941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) are pollutants of concern due to their toxic effects. No active sampling study on PCDD/Fs has been conducted in Bursa. This study aimed to fill this gap by measuring PCDD/F levels in the region. Accordingly, the samples were collected from an urban area in Bursa, covering four seasons between June 2022 and April 2023. The total (gas+particulate) ambient air concentrations were between 312.23 and 829.80 fg/m3 (mean: 555.05 ± 173.62 fg/m3). In terms of toxic equivalents (TEQ), the average concentration was 43.29 ± 9.18 fg WHOTEQ/m3. Based on the concentration values obtained, cancer and non-carcinogenic risk values of PCDD/Fs were calculated for three different age groups. The results indicated negligible health risks for all age groups. In addition, a seasonal assessment was also made and it was observed that PCDD/F concentration values varied with the ambient air temperatures. In general, higher values were measured in colder months compared to warmer months. This was probably due to the additional sources and adverse meteorological conditions. Moreover, the gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs was investigated in detail. The average gas and particulate phase concentrations for PCDD/Fs were 101.81 ± 20.77 and 453.24 ± 172.50, respectively. It was found that an equilibrium state was not reached in the gas/particle partitioning. Two different gas/particle partition models based on adsorption and absorption mechanisms were compared, and the absorption model gave more consistent predictions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the possible PCDD/F sources. The results indicated that the region was influenced by vehicle emissions, residential heating, organized industrial zones and metal recycling facilities. In addition, 72-hour backward air mass trajectory analyses were performed to understand the long-range transported air masses. However, it was found that the transported air masses did not significantly affect the concentration values measured in the sampling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Gülegen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdul Alim Noori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey.
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Olasupo A, Corbin DR, Shiflett MB. Trends in low temperature and non-thermal technologies for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133830. [PMID: 38387180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The daunting effects of persistent organic pollutants on humans, animals, and the environment cannot be overemphasized. Their fate, persistence, long-range transport, and bioavailability have made them an environmental stressor of concern which has attracted the interest of the research community. Concerted efforts have been made by relevant organizations utilizing legislative laws to ban their production and get rid of them completely for the sake of public health. However, they have remained refractive in different compartments of the environment. Their bioavailability is majorly a function of different anthropogenic activities. Landfilling and incineration are among the earliest classical means of environmental remediation of waste; however, they are not sustainable due to the seepage of contaminants in landfills, the release of toxic gases into the atmosphere and energy requirements during incineration. Other advanced waste destruction technologies have been explored for the degradation of these recalcitrant pollutants; although, some are efficient, but are limited by high amounts of energy consumption, the use of organic solvents and hazardous chemicals, high capital and operational cost, and lack of public trust. Thus, this study has systematically reviewed different contaminant degradation technologies, their efficiency, and feasibility. Finally, based on techno-economic feasibility, non-invasiveness, efficiency, and environmental friendliness; radiation technology can be considered a viable alternative for the environmental remediation of contaminants in all environmental matrices at bench-, pilot-, and industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo Olasupo
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, 1536 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
| | - David R Corbin
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, 1536 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
| | - Mark B Shiflett
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, 1536 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States.
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Amani Room S, Huang KT, Pan SY, Chen PJ, Hsu YC, Chi KH. Health assessment of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in PM 2.5 in northern and central Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141573. [PMID: 38428532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, Taiwan has effectively diminished atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) through the adept utilization of advanced technologies and the implementation of air pollution control devices. Despite this success, there exists a dearth of data regarding the levels of other PM2.5-bound organic pollutants and their associated health risks. To address this gap, our study comprehensively investigates the spatial and seasonal variations, potential sources, and health risks of PCDD/Fs, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) in Northern and Central Taiwan. Sampling collections were conducted at three specific locations, including six municipal waste incinerators in Northern Taiwan, as well as a traffic and an industrial site in Central Taiwan. As a result, the highest mean values of PM2.5 (20.3-39.6 μg/m3) were observed at traffic sites, followed by industrial sites (14.4-39.3 μg/m3), and the vicinity of the municipal waste incinerator (12.4-29.4 μg/m3). Additionally, PCDD/Fs and PCBs exhibited discernible seasonal fluctuations, displaying higher concentrations in winter (7.53-11.9 and 0.09-0.12 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) and spring (7.02-13.7 and 0.11-0.16 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) compared to summer and autumn. Conversely, PCNs displayed no significant seasonal variations, with peak values observed in winter (0.05-0.10 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) and spring (0.03-0.08 fg I-TEQWHO/m3). Utilizing a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, sintering plants emerged as the predominant contributors to PCDD/Fs, constituting 77.9% of emissions. Woodchip boilers (68.3%) and municipal waste incinerators (21.0%) were identified as primary contributors to PCBs, while municipal waste incinerators (64.6%) along with a secondary copper and a copper sludge smelter (22.1%) were the principal sources of PCNs. Moreover, the study specified that individuals aged 19-70 in Northern Taiwan and those under the age of 12 years in Central Taiwan were found to have a significantly higher cancer risk, with values ranging from 9.26 x 10-9-1.12 x 10-7 and from 2.50 x 10-8-2.08 x 10-7respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzada Amani Room
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai Ting Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih Yu Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Po Jui Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuam-Cheng Hsu
- National Environmental Research Academy, Ministry of Environment, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Zhao B, Deng J, Ma M, Li N, Zhou J, Li X, Luan T. Environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD induced inhibition of multicellular alternative splicing and transcriptional dysregulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170892. [PMID: 38346650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS), found in approximately 95 % of human genes, significantly amplifies protein diversity and is implicated in disease pathogenesis when dysregulated. However, the precise involvement of AS in the toxic mechanisms induced by TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) remains incompletely elucidated. This study conducted a thorough global AS analysis in six human cell lines following TCDD exposure. Our findings revealed that environmentally relevant concentration (0.1 nM) of TCDD significantly suppressed AS events in all cell types, notably inhibiting diverse splicing events and reducing transcript diversity, potentially attributed to modifications in the splicing patterns of the inhibitory factor family, particularly hnRNP. And we identified 151 genes with substantial AS alterations shared among these cell types, particularly enriched in immune and metabolic pathways. Moreover, TCDD induced cell-specific changes in splicing patterns and transcript levels, with increased sensitivity notably in THP-1 monocyte, potentially linked to aberrant expression of pivotal genes within the spliceosome pathway (DDX5, EFTUD2, PUF60, RBM25, SRSF1, and CRNKL1). This study extends our understanding of disrupted alternative splicing and its relation to the multisystem toxicity of TCDD. It sheds light on how environmental toxins affect post-transcriptional regulatory processes, offering a fresh perspective for toxicology and disease etiology investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Smart Medical Innovation Technology Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Smart Medical Innovation Technology Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Smart Medical Innovation Technology Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Santa-Marina L, Irizar A, Barroeta Z, Abad E, Lertxundi A, Ibarluzea J, Parera J, Urbieta N, Arruti E, Jimeno-Romero A, Zubero MB. Serum levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs in general population residing far and near from an urban waste treatment plant under construction in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116721. [PMID: 37482131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on investigating the basal serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the general population residing in two urban-industrial zones near and far from an energy recovery plant under construction in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain). The study used a cross-sectional design and included 227 participants who were randomly selected from municipal censuses in both areas. The participants were stratified based on age (ranging from 18 to 70 years) and sex. Serum samples were collected from the participants and analysed following the established protocol to measure the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. The study used multiple linear regression models to assess the impact of various sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and diet on the variability of the measured compounds in the participants' serum. The median total toxicity equivalent (TEQ) in serum, was 10.58 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g-1 lipid. Serum PCDD levels were lower in the population residing in the "far" zone than the "near" zone. Age was positively associated with both PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels, indicating that older participants had higher concentrations of these compounds in their serum. This finding might be attributed to cumulative exposure over time. In terms of sex differences, women exhibited lower levels of dl-PCBs compared to men. Among lifestyle factors, smokers showed lower levels of dl-PCBs compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, daily alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher serum levels of these compounds, with daily drinkers showing higher levels than non-drinkers. Consumption of local poultry was associated with significantly higher serum levels and oil consumption with low levels of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Santa-Marina
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ziortza Barroeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Parera
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Urbieta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elene Arruti
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Begoña Zubero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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