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Li YS, Li BB, Tian T, Yu HQ. Quorum sensing unveils the sludge floccule-assisted stabilization of aerobic granules in granule-dominated sequencing batch reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:444-455. [PMID: 36303067 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Floccules are another major form of microbial aggregates in aerobic granular sludge systems. Previous studies mainly attributed the persistence of floccules to their relatively faster nutrient uptake and higher growth rate over aerobic granules; however, they failed to unravel the underlying mechanism of the long-term coexistence of these two aggregates. In this work, the existence and function of the floccules in an aerobic granule-dominated sequencing batch reactor were investigated from the view of quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ). The results showed that though the floccules were closely associated with the granules in terms of similar community structures (including the QS- and QQ-related ones), they exhibited a relatively higher QQ-related activity but a lower QS-related activity. A compatible proportion of floccules might be helpful to maintain the QS-related activity and keep the granules stable. In addition, the structure difference was demonstrated to diversify the QS- and QQ-related activities of the floccules and the aerobic granules. These findings could broaden our understanding of the interactions between the coexistent floccules and granules in aerobic granule-dominated systems and would be instructive for the development of the aerobic granular sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
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2
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Jagaba AH, Kutty SRM, Lawal IM, Abubakar S, Hassan I, Zubairu I, Umaru I, Abdurrasheed AS, Adam AA, Ghaleb AAS, Almahbashi NMY, Al-Dhawi BNS, Noor A. Sequencing batch reactor technology for landfill leachate treatment: A state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 282:111946. [PMID: 33486234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfill has become an underlying source of surface and groundwater pollution if not efficiently managed, due to the risk of leachate infiltration into to land and aquifers. The generated leachate is considered a serious environmental threat for the public health, because of the toxic and recalcitrant nature of its constituents. Thus, it must be collected and appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. At present, there is no single unit process available for proper leachate treatment as conventional wastewater treatment processes cannot achieve a satisfactory level for degrading toxic substances present. Therefore, there is a growing interest in examination of different leachate treatment processes for maximum operational flexibility. Based on leachate characteristics, discharge requirements, technical possibilities, regulatory requirements and financial considerations, several techniques have been applied for its degradation, presenting varying degrees of efficiency. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive review of existing research articles on the pros and cons of various leachate degradation methods. In line with environmental sustainability, the article stressed on the application and efficiency of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system treating landfill leachate due to its operational flexibility, resistance to shock loads and high biomass retention. Contributions of integrated leachate treatment technologies with SBR were also discussed. The article further analyzed the effect of different adopted materials, processes, strategies and configurations on leachate treatment. Environmental and operational parameters that affect SBR system were critically discussed. It is believed that information contained in this review will increase readers fundamental knowledge, guide future researchers and be incorporated into future works on experimentally-based SBR studies for leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Jagaba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
| | - S R M Kutty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - I M Lawal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Abubakar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - I Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - I Zubairu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - I Umaru
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - A S Abdurrasheed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A A Adam
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - A A S Ghaleb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - N M Y Almahbashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - B N S Al-Dhawi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - A Noor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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3
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Dynamics of nitrogenous compounds and their control in biofloc technology (BFT) systems: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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The symbiosis of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and heterotrophic denitrification bacteria in a size-fractioned single-stage partial nitrification/anammox reactor. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Shi Y, Wells G, Morgenroth E. Microbial activity balance in size fractionated suspended growth biomass from full-scale sidestream combined nitritation-anammox reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:38-45. [PMID: 27347796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance, distribution and activity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox in size fractionated aggregates from full-scale suspended growth combined nitritation-anammox sidestream reactors. Plants with or without a cyclone device were also studied to assess a purported enrichment of anammox granules. Specific aerobic ammonium oxidation rates (p=0.01) and specific oxygen uptake rates (p=0.02) were significantly greater in flocs than in granules. AOB abundance measured using quantitative FISH was significantly higher in flocs than in granules (p=0.01). Conversely, anammox abundance was significantly greater in granules (p=0.03). The average ratio of anammox/AOB in systems employing hydrocyclone separation devices was 2.4, significantly higher (p=0.02) than the average ratio (0.5) in a system without a hydrocyclone. Our results demonstrate substantial functional and population-level segregation between floccular and granular fractions, and provide a key corroboration that cyclone separation devices can increase anammox levels in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Shi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - George Wells
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; Northwestern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Phatak PS, Trivedi S, Garg A, Gupta SK, Mukherji S. Start-up of sequencing batch reactor with Thiosphaera pantotropha for treatment of high-strength nitrogenous wastewater and sludge characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20065-20080. [PMID: 26965273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of high-strength nitrogenous wastewater is challenging due to low growth rate of autotrophic nitrifiers. This study reports bioaugmentation of Thiosphaera pantotropha capable of simultaneously performing heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). SBRs fed with 1:1 organic-nitrogen (N) and NH4+-N were started up with activated sludge and T. pantotropha by gradual increase in N concentration. Sludge bulking problems initially observed could be overcome through improved aeration and mixing and change in carbon source. N removal decreased with increase in initial nitrogen concentration, and only 50-60 % removal could be achieved at the highest N concentration of 1000 mg L-1 at 12-h cycle time. SND accounted for 28 % nitrogen loss. Reducing the settling time to 5-10 min and addition of divalent metal ions gradually improved the settling characteristics of sludge. Sludge aggregates of 0.05-0.2 mm diameter, much smaller than typical aerobic granules, were formed and progressive increase in settling velocity, specific gravity, Ca2+, Mg2+, protein, and polysaccharides was observed over time. Granulation facilitated total nitrogen (TN) removal at a constant rate over the entire 12-h cycle and thus increased TN removal up to 70 %. Concentrations of NO2--N and NO3--N were consistently low indicating effective denitrification. Nitrogen removal was possibly limited by urea hydrolysis/nitrification. Presence of T. pantotropha in the SBRs was confirmed through biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita S Phatak
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Saurabh Trivedi
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sudhir K Gupta
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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7
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Winkler MKH, Le QH, Volcke EIP. Influence of Partial Denitrification and Mixotrophic Growth of NOB on Microbial Distribution in Aerobic Granular Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11003-11010. [PMID: 26248168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In aerobic granular sludge (AGS), the growth of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) can be uncoupled from the nitrite supply of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Besides, unlike for conventional activated sludge, Nitrobacter was found to be the dominant NOB and not Nitrospira. To explain these experimental observations, two possible pathways have been put forward in literature. The first one involves the availability of additional nitrite from partial denitrification (nitrite-loop) and the second one consists of mixotrophic growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of acetate (ping-pong). In this contribution, mathematical models were set up to assess the possibility of these pathways to explain the reported observations. Simulation results revealed that both pathways influenced the nitrifier distribution in the granules. The nitrite-loop pathway led to an elevated NOB/AOB ratio, while mixotrophic growth of Nitrobacter guaranteed their predominance among the NOB population. Besides, mixotrophic growth of Nitrobacter could lead to NO emission from AGS. An increasing temperature and/or a decreasing oxygen concentration led to an elevated NOB/AOB ratio and increased NO emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-K H Winkler
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States
| | - Quan H Le
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline I P Volcke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Enhanced aerobic granulation, stabilization, and nitrification in a continuous-flow bioreactor by inoculating biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5737-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Coma M, Verawaty M, Pijuan M, Yuan Z, Bond PL. Enhancing aerobic granulation for biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:101-108. [PMID: 22050837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the enhancement of aerobic granulation and biological nutrient removal maintenance treating domestic wastewater. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were inoculated with either only floccular sludge (100%-floc SBR) or supplemented with 10% crushed granules (90%-floc SBR). Granules developed in both reactors. The 100%-floc SBR achieved 75% of nitrogen and 93% of phosphorus removal at the end of the performance, but some floccular sludge remained in the system. The 90%-floc SBR became fully granulated and finished with 84% and 99% of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. Regarding biological phosphorus removal, nitrite was identified as an inhibitor of the process. Nitrite levels lower than 5 mg N-NO2-L(-1) were used for anoxic phosphate uptake while higher concentrations inhibited the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coma
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD 4072, Australia.
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10
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Zhang H, Dong F, Jiang T, Wei Y, Wang T, Yang F. Aerobic granulation with low strength wastewater at low aeration rate in A/O/A SBR reactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Potential of biofilm-based biofuel production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:1-18. [PMID: 19300995 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm technology has been extensively applied to wastewater treatment, but its potential application in biofuel production has not been explored. Current technologies of converting lignocellulose materials to biofuel are hampered by costly processing steps in pretreatment, saccharification, and product recovery. Biofilms may have a potential to improve efficiency of these processes. Advantages of biofilms include concentration of cell-associated hydrolytic enzymes at the biofilm-substrate interface to increase reaction rates, a layered microbial structure in which multiple species may sequentially convert complex substrates and coferment hexose and pentose as hydrolysates diffuse outward, and the possibility of fungal-bacterial symbioses that allow simultaneous delignification and saccharification. More importantly, the confined microenvironment within a biofilm selectively rewards cells with better phenotypes conferred from intercellular gene or signal exchange, a process which is absent in suspended cultures. The immobilized property of biofilm, especially when affixed to a membrane, simplifies the separation of biofuel from its producer and promotes retention of biomass for continued reaction in the fermenter. Highly consolidated bioprocessing, including delignification, saccharification, fermentation, and separation in a single reactor, may be possible through the application of biofilm technology. To date, solid-state fermentation is the only biofuel process to which the advantages of biofilms have been applied, even though it has received limited attention and improvements. The transfer of biofilm technology from environmental engineering has the potential to spur great innovations in the optimization of biofuel production.
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12
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Larsen P, Nielsen JL, Svendsen TC, Nielsen PH. Adhesion characteristics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:2814-2826. [PMID: 18359056 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifiers are known to form relatively dense and strong microcolonies in activated sludge flocs, but little is known about their adhesion characteristics and how these are relative to other floc components. The size distribution of ammonia and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrospira spp.) in activated sludge from a nutrient removal plant showed that the majority of N. oligotropha cells formed microcolonies with a diameter of 13-22.5 microm, and most Nitrospira spp. cells formed microcolonies with a diameter of 9-22.5 microm. By applying high shear forces (2200 s(-1)), the largest microcolonies of N. oligotropha fragmented to a level well below the Kolmogorov microscale (approx. 15-25 microm). Only very little erosion of single cells took place. Nitrospira spp. microcolonies were generally slightly stronger than N. oligotropha. In order to characterize the adhesion/binding mechanisms for the individual microcolonies, a number of different physico-chemical treatments were combined with shear, and even though this did not lead to any explicit characterization of the species-specific adhesion mechanisms, entanglement of extracellular polymers was proposed as a plausible important adhesion mechanism. When compared to other floc components, the deflocculated fractions of N. oligotropha and Nitrospira spp. were much lower than those of cells in general (total cell count, DAPI) or the organic matter. Deflocculation of N. oligotropha ranged from 3% to 11% of the total N. oligotropha biovolume, Nitrospira spp. from 1% to 4% of the total Nitrospira spp. biovolume, whereas the number of deflocculated cells was 9-54% of the total cell count, and the deflocculated organic matter constituted 8-43% of the total amount of organic matter. These results clearly showed that activated sludge contained a large pool of loosely attached cells and extracellular polymeric substances, and that the nitrifiers and some other microcolony formers were very strong and remained almost intact even under extreme physical and chemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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