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Lukhele T, Msagati TAM. Evaluating the microcystin-LR-degrading potential of bacteria growing in extreme and polluted environments. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:213. [PMID: 37129688 PMCID: PMC10154260 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhabitants of extreme and polluted environments are attractive as candidates for environmental bioremediation. Bacteria growing in oil refinery effluents, tannery dumpsite soils, car wash effluents, salt pans and hot springs were screened for microcystin-LR biodegradation potentials. Using a colorimetric BIOLOG MT2 assay; Arthrobacter sp. B105, Arthrobacter junii, Plantibacter sp. PDD-56b-14, Acinetobacter sp. DUT-2, Salinivibrio sp. YH4, Bacillus sp., Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans could grow in the presence of microcystin-LR at 1, 10 and 100 µg L-1. Most bacteria grew optimally at 10 µg L-1 microcystin-LR under alkaline pH (8 and 9). The ability of these bacteria to use MC-LR as a growth substrate depicts their ability to metabolize the toxin, which is equivalent to its degradation. Through PCR screening, these bacteria were shown to lack the mlr genes implying possible use of a unique microcystin-LR degradation pathway. The study highlights the wide environmental and taxonomic distribution of microcystin-LR degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabile Lukhele
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Thomas L, Ram H, Singh VP. Multipurpose cellulases of Promicromonospora sp. VP111, with broad substrate specificity and tolerance properties. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37097714 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellulolytic actinobacterium, Promicromonospora sp. VP111 concomitantly produced cellulases (CELs), xylanase and pectinase when grown on commercial cellulose and untreated agricultural lignocellulosic residues (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse). Secreted CELs hydrolyzed (enhanced with Co2+ ion) multiple cellulosic substrates, including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), Whatman filter paper no. 1, microcrystalline cellulose (avicel), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), laminarin, and cellulose powder. The CELs showed stabilities in the presence of various chemicals, including glucose (0.2 M), detergents (1%, w/v or v/v), denaturants (1%, w/v or v/v), and sodium chloride (NaCl, 30%, w/v). The CELs were fractionated using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Activities (%) of fractionated CELs were retained at 60°C for endoglucanase/carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (88.38), filter paper cellulase (FPase) (77.55), and β-glucosidase (90.52), which indicated of thermo-stability. Similarly, the activities (%) for CMCase (85.79), FPase (82.48), and β-glucosidase (85.92) at pH 8.5 indicated of alkaline-stability. Kinetic factors, Km and Vmax for endoglucanase component of fractionated CELs were 0.014 g/l and 158.23 µM glucose/min/mL, respectively. Fractionated CELs yielded activation energies (kJ/mol) of 17.933, 6.294, and 4.207 for CMCase, FPase, and β-glucosidase activities, respectively in linear thermostable Arrhenius plots. Thus, this study reports on the multipurpose CELs from an untreated agricultural residue utilizing Promicromonospora in relation to broad substrate specificity, halo-tolerance, alkaline-tolerance, detergent-tolerance, thermo-tolerance, organic solvent-tolerance, and end product-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Thomas
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Ram
- National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, India
| | - Ved P Singh
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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3
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Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Various Ecosystems and Their Cellulases Production under Multi-Stress Conditions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose represents the most abundant component of plant biomass on earth; it is degraded by cellulases, specific enzymes produced by microorganisms. However, cellulases of bacterial origin attract more interest due to their natural diversity and ability to inhabit a variety of niches, allowing the selection of cellulolytic strains resistant to environmental stresses. The screening of the cellulolytic activity of 398 bacteria isolated from various ecosystems in Algeria (cave, ruins, chott, thermal station, and rhizosphere of arid and semi-arid regions) was performed by the appearance of a hydrolysis zone on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) medium. The cellulase activity on CMC (1%) broth allowed to select 26 strains among which 12 had the best activity (0.3 U/mL to 2.2 U/mL). Optimization of physicochemical parameters (salinity: 0–1 M NaCl; pH: 3, 4, 7, 9, and 11; temperature: 30, 45, and 50 °C; PEG8000: 0 and 30%) involved in growth and cellulose production showed that the majority of strains were mesophilic, neutrophilic, or alkali- tolerant and tolerant to 30% of PEG8000. The cellulase activity and stability under different stress allowed to retain five strains, which the most efficient. Based on the 16S-rRNA sequencing results, they belonged to the genus Bacillus. The physicochemical properties of cellulases (crude extract) showed a CMCase active over a wide range of pH (4 to 11), optimal at 50 °C and 60 °C. The inhibiting salinity effect on the activity was not detected and was negligible on the enzymatic stability. The residual CMCase activity remained between 40 and 70% in a temperature range between 40 and 70 °C, was stable over a wide range of saline concentrations (0–2000 mM), and was weakly affected at 30% of PEG8000. The crude enzyme extract was able to hydrolyze both soluble and insoluble cellulosic substrates. The evaluation of the hydrolysis capacity of lignocellulosic waste revealed the ability of tested strains to degrade wheat bran, barley bran, and corncob. In addition, the enzyme showed significant multi-stress resistance on solid and liquid media. By these characteristics, these cellulolytic bacteria could be attractive to be used in various industrial and biotechnology applications.
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Lin LL, Lu BY, Chi MC, Huang YF, Lin MG, Wang TF. Activation and thermal stabilization of a recombinant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 27811 by monovalent cations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1991-2006. [PMID: 35230495 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of enzyme activity through complexation with certain metal ions plays an important role in many biological processes. In addition to divalent metals, monovalent cations (MVCs) frequently function as promoters for efficient biocatalysis. Here, we examined the effect of MVCs on the enzymatic catalysis of a recombinant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlrGGT) from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 27,811 and the application of a metal-activated enzyme to L-theanine synthesis. The transpeptidase activity of BlrGGT was enhanced by Cs+ and Na+ over a broad range of concentrations with a maximum of 200 mM. The activation was essentially independent of the ionic radius, but K+ contributed the least to enhancing the catalytic efficiency. The secondary structure of BlrGGT remained mostly unchanged in the presence of different concentrations of MVCs, but there was a significant change in its tertiary structure under the same conditions. Compared with the control, the half-life (t1/2) of the Cs+-enriched enzyme at 60 and 65 °C was shown to increase from 16.3 and 4.0 min to 74.5 and 14.3 min, respectively. The simultaneous addition of Cs+ and Mg2+ ions exerted a synergistic effect on the activation of BlrGGT. This was adequately reflected by an improvement in the conversion of substrates to L-theanine by 3.3-15.1% upon the addition of 200 mM MgCl2 into a reaction mixture comprising the freshly desalted enzyme (25 μg/mL), 250 mM L-glutamine, 600 mM ethylamine, 200 mM each of the MVCs, and 50 mM borate buffer (pH 10.5). Taken together, our results provide interesting insights into the complexation of MVCs with BlrGGT and can therefore be potentially useful to the biocatalytic production of naturally occurring γ-glutamyl compounds. KEY POINTS: • The transpeptidase activity of B. licheniformis γ-glutamyltranspeptidase can be activated by monovalent cations. • The thermal stability of the enzyme was profoundly increased in the presence of 200 mM Cs+. • The simultaneous addition of Cs+and Mg2+ions to the reaction mixture improves L-theanine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Liu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Min-Guan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang District, Taipei City, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan.
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Malik AD, Furtado IJ. Isolation of Halomicroarcula pellucida strain GUMF5, an archaeon from the Dead Sea-Israel possessing cellulase. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 35036274 PMCID: PMC8709806 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain designated GUMF5 was isolated in Goa-India from sediments of Dead Sea-Israel and identified as haloarchaeon Halomicroarcula pellucida based on 16S rRNA gene analysis similarity value of 99.84%. Strain GUMF5 grew on mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as a sole source of carbon and produced haloextremozyme cellulase. The enzyme was concentrated using Sephadex G20, precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed and retentate purified using Sephadex G200, the size exclusion chromatography. A yield of 78.53% cellulase with an activity of 131.13 U/mg and 1.24-fold purity was obtained. The purified cellulase had optimum activity at 20% NaCl, at 40 ºC, 0.5% CMC-Na, pH 7 and 150 rpm. SDS-PAGE combined with zymographic analysis revealed the molecular weight of cellulase as 240 kDa, 40 kDa and 17.4 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by metallic cations in the order of Ca+2 > Mn+2 > Mg+2 > SO4 2- > NH4 + and was inhibited by Ag+ > Fe+2 > Cu+2. Methanol and ethanol enhanced the cellulase activity by 6% and 26%, respectively. The haloextremozyme cellulase degraded Whatman No. 1 filter paper indicated in scanning electron micrographs, exposure of open pores and fibers without any intra connectivity corresponding to paperase activity and implicating the possible use of enzyme to bio-convert cellulosic waste. Conclusively, Halomicroarcula pellucida GUMF5 (Accession number: MH244431), globally, is the only Halomicroarcula pellucida isolated from the sediments of Dead Sea producing haloextremozyme cellulase, and hence is an important biotechnological resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D. Malik
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
| | - Irene J. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
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Thalassobacillus, a genus of extreme to moderate environmental halophiles with biotechnological potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:147. [PMID: 34363544 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thalassobacillus is a moderately halophilic genus that has been isolated from several sites worldwide, such as hypersaline lakes, saline soils, salt flats, and volcanic mud. Halophilic bacteria have provided functional stable biomolecules in harsh conditions for industrial purposes. Despite its potential biotechnological applications, Thalassobacillus has not been fully characterized yet. This review describes the Thalassobacillus genus, with the few species reported, pointing out its possible applications in enzymes (amylases, cellulases, xylanases, and others), biosurfactants, bioactive compounds, biofuels production, bioremediation, and plant growth promotion. The Thalassobacillus genus represents a little-explored biological resource but with a high potential.
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Alves EA, Schmaltz S, Tres MV, Zabot GL, Kuhn RC, Mazutti MA. Process development to obtain a cocktail containing cell-wall degrading enzymes with insecticidal activity from Beauveria bassiana. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Van Thuoc D, My DN, Loan TT, Sudesh K. Utilization of waste fish oil and glycerol as carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Salinivibrio sp. M318. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:885-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Simpson BK. Food-related transglutaminase obtained from fish/shellfish. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3214-3232. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1681357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Simpson
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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10
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Liu C, Baffoe DK, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang G. Halophile, an essential platform for bioproduction. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105704. [PMID: 31494180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to compete as a stronger alternative ensuring environmental friendly microbial-based production that seeks to curb the predicament of pollution. However, the high cost of bioprocessing is a severe drawback, and therefore, new approaches must be developed to overcome this challenge. Halophiles have shown potentials of overcoming this challenge and are of much preference for unsterile and continuous contamination-free bioprocess due to their unique ability to grow under harsh environmental conditions. Recent advances in genetic manipulations have been established to better the performance of halophiles for industrial applications. Many researchers produced various products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, biosurfactants, and antioxidants using halophiles, and further efforts have been established to develop halophiles as the foundation for low-cost bioprocess. This paper provides a useful reference for researchers on the merits, drawbacks, achievements, and application of halophiles for bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dennis Kingsley Baffoe
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanlong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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11
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Amoozegar MA, Safarpour A, Noghabi KA, Bakhtiary T, Ventosa A. Halophiles and Their Vast Potential in Biofuel Production. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1895. [PMID: 31507545 PMCID: PMC6714587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and the limitations of using fossil fuels are a main concern of all societies, and thus, the development of alternative fuel sources is crucial to improving the current global energy situation. Biofuels are known as the best alternatives of unrenewable fuels and justify increasing extensive research to develop new and less expensive methods for their production. The most frequent biofuels are bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, and biogas. The production of these biofuels is the result of microbial activity on organic substrates like sugars, starch, oil crops, non-food biomasses, and agricultural and animal wastes. Several industrial production processes are carried out in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl and therefore, researchers have focused on halophiles for biofuel production. In this review, we focus on the role of halophilic microorganisms and their current utilization in the production of all types of biofuels. Also, the outstanding potential of them and their hydrolytic enzymes in the hydrolysis of different kind of biomasses and the production of biofuels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Safarpour
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tala Bakhtiary
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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12
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Silva TP, de Albuquerque FS, Dos Santos CWV, Franco M, Caetano LC, Pereira HJV. Production, purification, characterization and application of a new halotolerant and thermostable endoglucanase of Botrytis ricini URM 5627. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:263-269. [PMID: 30223157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A halotolerant endoglucanase with a molecular mass of 39 kDa was obtained from the solid fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by the fungus Botrytis ricini URM 5627 and isolated using only two purification processes: fractionation with ammonium sulphate and size-exclusion chromatography resulting in an activity of 1289.83 U/mL. After the isolation, biochemical characterizations were performed, giving a temperature of 50 °C and optimum pH of 5. The enzyme was stable at 39-60 °C for 60 min and at a pH of 4-6. The enzymatic activity increased in the presence of Na+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ and decreased in the presence of Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. The endoglucanase revealed a halotolerant profile since its activity increased proportionally to an increase in NaCl concentration. The maximum activity was reached at 2 M NaCl with a 75% increase in activity. The enzyme had a Km of 0.1299 ± 0.0096 mg/mL and a Vmax of 0.097 ± 0.00121 mol/min/mL. During application in saccharification tests, the enzyme was able to hydrolyse sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, and wheat bran, with the highest production of reducers/fermentable sugars within 24 h of saccharification for wheat bran (137.21 mg/g). Therefore, these properties combined make this isolated enzyme a potential candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatielle P Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S de Albuquerque
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Willian V Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), 45654-370 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caetano
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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13
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Gómez-Villegas P, Vigara J, León R. Characterization of the Microbial Population Inhabiting a Solar Saltern Pond of the Odiel Marshlands (SW Spain). Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090332. [PMID: 30213145 PMCID: PMC6164061 DOI: 10.3390/md16090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The solar salterns located in the Odiel marshlands, in southwest Spain, are an excellent example of a hypersaline environment inhabited by microbial populations specialized in thriving under conditions of high salinity, which remains poorly explored. Traditional culture-dependent taxonomic studies have usually under-estimated the biodiversity in saline environments due to the difficulties that many of these species have to grow at laboratory conditions. Here we compare two molecular methods to profile the microbial population present in the Odiel saltern hypersaline water ponds (33% salinity). On the one hand, the construction and characterization of two clone PCR amplified-16S rRNA libraries, and on the other, a high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing approach based on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal that both methods are comparable for the estimation of major genera, although massive sequencing provides more information about the less abundant ones. The obtained data indicate that Salinibacter ruber is the most abundant genus, followed by the archaea genera, Halorubrum and Haloquadratum. However, more than 100 additional species can be detected by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). In addition, a preliminary study to test the biotechnological applications of this microbial population, based on its ability to produce and excrete haloenzymes, is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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14
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Le B, Yang SH. Characterization of a chitinase fromSalinivibriosp. BAO-1801 as an antifungal activity and a biocatalyst for producing chitobiose. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:848-856. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le
- Department of Biotechnology; Chonnam National University; Yeosu Chonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology; Chonnam National University; Yeosu Chonnam Republic of Korea
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15
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Sun YX, Shen BB, Han HY, Lu Y, Zhang BX, Gao YF, Hu BZ, Hu XM. Screening of potential IL-tolerant cellulases and their efficient saccharification of IL-pretreated lignocelluloses. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30957-30965. [PMID: 35548722 PMCID: PMC9085512 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass as one of the most abundant and renewable resources has great potential for biofuel production. The complete conversion of biomass to biofuel is achieved through the effective pretreatment process and the following enzyme saccharification. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as a green solvent for lignocellulose pretreatment. However, ILs exhibit an inhibitory effect on cellulase activity, leading to a subsequent decrease in the efficiency of saccharification. The screening of new potential IL-tolerant cellulases is important. In the current study, a fungal strain with a relatively high cellulase production was isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum HC6. The culture conditions were optimized using corn stover and peptone as the carbon source and nitrogen source at pH 4.0 and 30 °C with an inoculation size of 2% (v/v) for 8 days. It was found that P. oxalicum HC6 exhibited potential salt tolerance with the increase of the enzyme production at a salt concentration of 5.0% (w/v). In addition, high enzyme activities were obtained at pH 4.0–6.0 and 50–65 °C. The crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 with good thermal stability was also stable in the presence of salt and ILs. Good yields of reducing sugar were obtained by the crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 after the saccharification of corn stover that was pretreated by ILs. P. oxalicum HC6 with potentially salt-tolerant and IL-tolerant enzymes has great potential application in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose. Lignocellulosic biomass as one of the most abundant and renewable resources has great potential for biofuel production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Sun
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Bing-Bing Shen
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hui-Ying Han
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yuan Lu
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Bi-Xian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yun-Fei Gao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Harbin
- China
| | | | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
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16
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Liang L, Xue D. Kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis by halostable cellulase from a marine Aspergillus niger at different salinities. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Wang C, Guo G, Huang Y, Hao H, Wang H. Salt Adaptation and Evolutionary Implication of a Nah-related PAHs Dioxygenase cloned from a Halophilic Phenanthrene Degrading Consortium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12525. [PMID: 28970580 PMCID: PMC5624874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutions often occur in marine and other saline environment, largely due to anthropogenic activities. However, study of the PAHs-degradation genotypes in halophiles is limited, compared with the mesophilic terrestrial PAHs degraders. In this study, a bacterial consortium (CY-1) was enriched from saline soil contaminated with crude oil using phenanthrene as the sole carbon source at 10% salinity. CY-1 was dominated by the moderate halophilic Marinobacter species, and its dominant PAHs ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD) genotypes shared high identity to the classic nah-related RHDs found in the mesophilic species. Further cloning of a 5.6-kb gene cluster from CY-1 unveiled the existence of a new type of PAHs degradation gene cluster (hpah), which most probably evolves from the nah-related gene clusters. Expression of the RHD in this gene cluster in E. coli lead to the discovery of its prominent salt-tolerant properties compared with two RHDs from mesophiles. As a common structural feature shared by all halophilic and halotolerant enzymes, higher abundance of acidic amino acids was also found on the surface of this RHD than its closest nah-related alleles. These results suggest evolution towards saline adaptation occurred after horizontal transfer of this hpah gene cluster into the halophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guang Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Han Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Azadian F, Badoei-dalfard A, Namaki-Shoushtari A, Karami Z, Hassanshahian M. Production and characterization of an acido-thermophilic, organic solvent stable cellulase from Bacillus sonorensis HSC7 by conversion of lignocellulosic wastes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:187-196. [PMID: 30647655 PMCID: PMC6296611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The acidophilic and thermophilic cellulase would facilitate the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel. In this study, Bacillus sonorensis HSC7 isolated as the best thermophilic cellulose degrading bacterium from Gorooh hot spring. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that, this strain closely related to the B. sonorensis. CMCase production was considered under varying environmental parameters. Results showed that, sucrose and (NH4)2SO4 were obtained as the best carbon and nitrogen sources for CMCase production. B. sonorensis HSC7 produced CMCase during the growth in optimized medium supplemented with agricultural wastes as sole carbon sources. The enzyme was active with optimum temperature of 70 °C and the optimum CMCase activity and stability observed at pH 4.0 and 5.0, respectively. These are characteristics indicating that, this enzyme could be an acidophilic and thermophilic CMCase. Furthermore, the CMCase activity improved by methanol (166%), chloroform (152%), while it was inhibited by DMF (61%). The CMCase activity was enhanced in the presence of Mg+2 (110%), Cu+2 (116%), Triton X-100 (118%) and it retained 57% of its activity at 30% NaCl. The compatibility of HSC7 CMCase varied for each laundry detergent, with higher stability being observed in the presence of Taj® and darya®. This enzyme, that is able to work under extreme conditions, has potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arastoo Badoei-dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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19
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Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Neutral and alkaline cellulases: Production, engineering, and applications. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:653-658. [PMID: 28503798 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutral and alkaline cellulases from microorganisms constitute a major group of the industrial enzymes and find applications in various industries. Screening is the important ways to get novel cellulases. Most fungal cellulases have acidic pH optima, except some fungi like Humicola insolens species. However, new applications require the use of neutral and alkaline cellulases in food, brewery and wine, animal feed, textile and laundry, pulp and paper industries, agriculture as well in scientific research purposes. Indeed, the demand for these enzymes is growing more rapidly than ever before, and becomes the driving force for research on engineering the cellulolytic enzymes. Here, we present an overview of the biotechnological research for neutral and alkaline cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax CBS/University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax CBS/University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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20
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Adıgüzel AO, Tunçer M. Production, purification, characterization and usage of a detergent additive of endoglucanase from isolated halotolerant Amycolatopsis cihanbeyliensis mutated strain Mut43. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1315106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adıgüzel
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Biology, Microbiology Laboratory, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Münir Tunçer
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Biology, Microbiology Laboratory, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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21
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Selvarajan R, Sibanda T, Tekere M, Nyoni H, Meddows-Taylor S. Diversity Analysis and Bioresource Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from a South African Saltpan. Molecules 2017; 22:E657. [PMID: 28425950 PMCID: PMC6154464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though intensive research has been channeled towards the biotechnological applications of halophiles and other extremophilic microbes, these studies have not been, by any means, exhaustive. Saline environments still offer a vast diversity of microbes with potential to produce an array of natural products which can only be unlocked by concerted research efforts. In this study, a combination of culture and molecular approaches were employed to characterize halophilic bacteria from saltpan water samples and profile their potential biotechnological applications. Physicochemical analysis of the water samples showed that pH was alkaline (pH 8.8), with a salinity of 12.8%. 16S rRNA gene targeted amplicon analysis produced 10 bacterial phyla constituting of Bacteroidetes (30.57%), Proteobacteria (15.27%), Actinobacteria (9.05%), Planctomycetes (5.52%) and Cyanobacteria (3.18%). Eighteen strains were identified using sequencing analysis of the culturable bacterial strains. From these, the strains SP7 and SP9 were positive for cellulase production while the strains SP4, SP8 and SP22 were positive for lipase production. Quantitative enzyme assays showed moderate extracellular cellulase activity (1.95 U/mL) and lipase activity (3.71 U/mL) by the isolate SP9 and SP4 respectively. Further, of the six isolates, the isolate SP9 exhibited exploitable potential in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollution as demonstrated by its fairly high activity against benzanthracene (70% DCPIP reduction). Elucidation of the isolates secondary metabolites showed the production of the molecules 2,3-butanediol, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrrole[1,2a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, aziridine, dimethylamine and ethyl acetate (GC-MS) and oxypurinol and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (LC-MS), particularly by the isolate Salinivibrio sp. SP9. Overall, the study showed that the isolated halophiles can produce secondary metabolites with potential industrial and pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Timothy Sibanda
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- Department of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Stephen Meddows-Taylor
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, South Africa.
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22
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Korany AH, Ali AE, Essam TM, Megahed SA. Optimization of Cellulase Production by Halobacillus sp. QLS 31 Isolated from Lake Qarun, Egypt. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:189-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Salinivibrio costicola GL6, a Novel Isolated Strain for Biotransformation of Caffeine to Theobromine Under Hypersaline Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:34-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Ramezani S, Asoodeh A. Biochemical characterization and gene cloning of a novel alkaline endo -1-4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis DR8806. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Guo G, Fang T, Wang C, Huang Y, Tian F, Cui Q, Wang H. Isolation and characterization of two novel halotolerant Catechol 2, 3-dioxygenases from a halophilic bacterial consortium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17603. [PMID: 26621792 PMCID: PMC4664950 DOI: 10.1038/srep17603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of enzymes in halophiles will help to understand the mechanism of aromatic hydrocarbons degradation in saline environment. In this study, two novel catechol 2,3-dioxygenases (C23O1 and C23O2) were cloned and overexpressed from a halophilic bacterial consortium enriched from an oil-contaminated saline soil. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the novel C23Os and their relatives formed a new branch in subfamily I.2.A of extradiol dioxygenases and the sequence differences were further analyzed by amino acid sequence alignment. Two enzymes with the halotolerant feature were active over a range of 0–30% salinity and they performed more stable at high salinity than in the absence of salt. Surface electrostatic potential and amino acids composition calculation suggested high acidic residues content, accounting for their tolerance to high salinity. Moreover, two enzymes were further characterized. The enzymes activity both increased in the presence of Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Al3+ and showed no significant inhibition by other tested metal ions. The optimal temperatures for the C23Os were 40 °C and 60 °C and their best substrates were catechol and 4-methylcatechol respectively. As the firstly isolated and characterized catechol dioxygenases from halophiles, the two halotolerant C23Os presented novel characteristics suggesting their potential application in aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qijia Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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26
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Structural Insight of a Trimodular Halophilic Cellulase with a Family 46 Carbohydrate-Binding Module. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142107. [PMID: 26562160 PMCID: PMC4643050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are the key enzymes used in the biofuel industry. A typical cellulase contains a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) through a flexible linker. Here we report the structure of an atypical trimodular cellulase which harbors a catalytic domain, a CBM46 domain and a rigid CBM_X domain between them. The catalytic domain shows the features of GH5 family, while the CBM46 domain has a sandwich-like structure. The catalytic domain and the CBM46 domain form an extended substrate binding cleft, within which several tryptophan residues are well exposed. Mutagenesis assays indicate that these residues are essential for the enzymatic activities. Gel affinity electrophoresis shows that these tryptophan residues are involved in the polysaccharide substrate binding. Also, electrostatic potential analysis indicates that almost the entire solvent accessible surface of CelB is negatively charged, which is consistent with the halophilic nature of this enzyme.
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27
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of Halostable, Solvent-Tolerant Novel β-Endoglucanase from a Marine Bacterium Photobacterium panuliri LBS5T (DSM 27646T). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:695-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Champasri C, Champasri T, Woranam K. Purification, Biochemical Characterization of a Macrotermes gilvus Cellulase and Zymogram Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2015.190.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Nougué O, Gallet R, Chevin LM, Lenormand T. Niche Limits of Symbiotic Gut Microbiota Constrain the Salinity Tolerance of Brine Shrimp. Am Nat 2015; 186:390-403. [PMID: 26655356 DOI: 10.1086/682370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Symbiosis generally causes an expansion of the niche of each partner along the axis for which a service is mutually provided. However, for other axes, the niche can be restricted to the intersection of each partner's niche and can thus be constrained rather than expanded by mutualism. We explore this phenomenon using Artemia as a model system. This crustacean is able to survive at very high salinities but not at low salinities, although its hemolymph's salinity is close to freshwater. We hypothesized that this low-salinity paradox results from poor performance of its associated microbiota at low salinity. We showed that, in sterile conditions, Artemia had low survival at all salinities when algae were the only source of carbon. In contrast, survival was high at all salinities when fed with yeast. We also demonstrated that bacteria isolated from Artemia's gut reached higher densities at high salinities than at low salinities, including when grown on algae. Taken together, our results show that Artemia can survive at low salinities, but their gut microbiota, which are required for algae digestion, have reduced fitness. Widespread facultative symbiosis may thus be an important determinant of niche limits along axes not specific to the mutualistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrade Nougué
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Université P. Valéry, École Pratique des Hautes Études, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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30
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Hua M, Zhao S, Zhang L, Liu D, Xia H, Li F, Chen S. Direct detection, cloning and characterization of a glucoside hydrolase from forest soil. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1227-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Carpa R, Keul A, Muntean V, Dobrotă C. Characterization of halophilic bacterial communities in Turda Salt Mine (Romania). ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2014; 44:223-30. [PMID: 25476992 PMCID: PMC4669543 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-014-9375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic organisms are having adaptations to extreme salinity, the majority of them being Archaean, which have the ability to grow at extremely high salt concentrations, (from 3 % to 35 %). Level of salinity causes natural fluctuations in the halophilic populations that inhabit this particular habitat, raising problems in maintaining homeostasis of the osmotic pressure. Samples such as salt and water taken from Turda Salt Mine were analyzed in order to identify the eco-physiological bacterial groups. Considering the number of bacteria of each eco-physiological group, the bacterial indicators of salt quality (BISQ) were calculated and studied for each sample. The phosphatase, catalase and dehydrogenases enzymatic activities were quantitatively determined and the enzymatic indicators of salt quality (EISQ) were calculated. Bacterial isolates were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Universal bacterial primers, targeting the consensus region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were used. Analysis of a large fragment, of 1499 bp was performed to improve discrimination at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Carpa
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Babeş Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu St., 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
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32
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Singh K, Richa K, Bose H, Karthik L, Kumar G, Bhaskara Rao KV. Statistical media optimization and cellulase production from marine Bacillus VITRKHB. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:591-598. [PMID: 28324307 PMCID: PMC4235885 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Bacillus species are potent producers
of novel enzymes. Marine Bacillus VITRKHB was
observed to be efficient for cellulolytic activity. It was employed for the
production of extracellular cellulase. Cellulase was partially purified to 1.6-fold
in a stepwise manner by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and DEAE ion
exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of purified protein was found to be
about 33 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its specific activity was recorded as 1.92 IU/mg. The
effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on cellulase production was
investigated. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the fermentation media
containing xylose as carbon source and beef extract as nitrogen source. The combined
interactive effect of different variables on cellulase production was studied by
response surface methodology. The optimized combination of variables for maximum
enzyme activity was determined as; xylose 5.0 %, beef extract 6.9 %, pH 7.83, NaCl
1.17, and temperature 25.84 °C, after 24 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Singh
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumari Richa
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himadri Bose
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Karthik
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yin J, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Halophiles, coming stars for industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:1433-42. [PMID: 25447783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to produce chemicals, materials and biofuels to ease the challenges of shortage on petroleum. However, due to the disadvantages of bioprocesses including energy consuming sterilization, high fresh water consumption, discontinuous fermentation to avoid microbial contamination, highly expensive stainless steel fermentation facilities and competing substrates for human consumption, industrial biotechnology is less competitive compared with chemical processes. Recently, halophiles have shown promises to overcome these shortcomings. Due to their unique halophilic properties, some halophiles are able to grow in high pH and high NaCl containing medium under higher temperature, allowing fermentation processes to run contamination free under unsterile conditions and continuous way. At the same time, genetic manipulation methods have been developed for halophiles. So far, halophiles have been used to produce bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, enzymes, and bio-surfactants. Increasing effects have been made to develop halophiles into a low cost platform for bioprocessing with advantages of low energy, less fresh water consumption, low fixed capital investment, and continuous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yin
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Improvement of degummed ramie fiber properties upon treatment with cellulase secreting immobilized A. larrymoorei A1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:341-51. [PMID: 25194464 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Degummed ramie fiber is widely used in the textile industry. Cellulase enzyme can be effectively used for bio-polishing of the ramie fiber. We immobilized Agrobacterium larrymoorei A1, a potent extra-cellular cellulase producing bacteria, in Ca-alginate. The production of enzyme significantly increased with increasing alginate concentration and reached a maximum activity of 0.28 IU/ml at 20 g/l, which was 32% higher as compared to free cells. These immobilized cells were used on ramie fibers. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) studies showed increased smoothness and orientation of surface structure of the fibers after 19.5 h. The single fiber tenacity was almost same as compared to non-treated fiber and the initial modulus increased by 24.01%. The remarkable reusability of these immobilized cells provides a cost effective method for treatment of natural fibers containing cellulose.
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35
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Balasubramanian N, Simões N. Bacillus pumilus S124A carboxymethyl cellulase; a thermo stable enzyme with a wide substrate spectrum utility. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meng F, Ma L, Ji S, Yang W, Cao B. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis strain BY-3, a thermophilic and efficient cellulase-producing bacterium on untreated plant biomass. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:306-12. [PMID: 24773580 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bioconversion of biomass, particularly crop wastes, into biofuels is being developed as an alternative approach in meeting the high energy demand. In this study, a thermophilic bacterial strain BY-3 that exhibits cellulolytic potential was isolated from faecal samples of Tibetan pigs; this strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The strain can produce cellulase when grown on various substrates, including carboxymethyl cellulose, rice straw, corn stover, soluble starch and wheat bran. The maximum cellulase activity of the strain was up to 4·323 ± 0·065 U ml(-1) when cultivated in the medium containing corn stover (30 g l(-1) ) for 24 h. The results demonstrated that corn stover is the most suitable substrate for cellulase production by the strain BY-3. The crude cellulase of strain BY-3 was most active at pH 5·5 and 60°C, and the enzyme in acetate buffer (50 mmol l(-1) ) demonstrated a good stability at 60°C for at least 1 h. The crude cellulase exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The strain can be used in cost-efficient cellulase production for bioconversion of agricultural residual biomass into biofuels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The increased consumption of fossil fuels has caused serious energy crisis and environmental problem. Thus, an alternative energy source is necessary. Bioconversion of biomass, particularly agricultural residuals, into value-added bioproducts, such as biofuels and chemical solvents, has received considerable attention. In this study, the newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus subtilis strain BY-3 produces cellulase efficiently with the use of untreated corn stover as a sole carbon source. This strain possesses the thermostable cellulase that is active with diverse crop wastes with a broad pH range and is a highly promising candidate for agricultural waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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37
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Lehmann C, Bocola M, Streit WR, Martinez R, Schwaneberg U. Ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent-activated CelA2 variants generated by directed evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5775-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Asha BM, Sakthivel N. Production, purification and characterization of a new cellulase from Bacillus subtilis that exhibit halophilic, alkalophilic and solvent-tolerant properties. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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39
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Zin HW, Park KH, Choi TJ. Purification and characterization of a carboxymethyl cellulase from Artemia salina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Halostable cellulase with organic solvent tolerance from Haloarcula sp. LLSG7 and its application in bioethanol fermentation using agricultural wastes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:1357-65. [PMID: 24037323 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A haloarchaeal strain LLSG7 with cellulolytic activity was isolated from the saline soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, China. Biochemical and physiological characterization along with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate in the genus Haloarcula. Cellulase production was strongly influenced by the salinity of the culture medium with the maximum obtained in the presence of 25 % NaCl. Substrate specificity tests showed that the crude cellulase was a multicomponent enzyme system, and zymogram analysis revealed that five different endoglucanases were secreted by strain LLSG7. Optimal cellulase activity was at 50 °C, pH 8.0, and 20 % NaCl. In addition, it was highly active and stable over broad ranges of temperature (40-80 °C), pH (7.0-11.0), and NaCl concentration (17.5-30 %). The cellulase displayed remarkable stability in the presence of non-polar organic solvents with log P ow ≥ 1.97. The crude cellulase secreted by strain LLSG7 was further applied to hydrolyze alkali-pretreated rice straw and the enzymatic hydrolysate was used as the substrate for bioethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yield of ethanol was 0.177 g per gram of pretreated rice straw, suggesting that it might be potentially useful for bioethanol production.
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41
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Li X, Yu HY. Characterization of a halostable endoglucanase with organic solvent-tolerant property from Haloarcula sp. G10. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:101-6. [PMID: 23999019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A haloarchaeal strain G10 with celluolytic activity was isolated from the saline soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, China. Biochemical and physiological characterization along with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate in the genus Haloarcula. The extracellular cellulase was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of 36 kDa. Substrate specificity test indicated that it was an endoglucanase for soluble cellulose. Optimal enzyme activity was found to be at 60 °C, pH 9.0 and 17.5% NaCl. Furthermore, high activity and stability over broad ranges of temperature (40-80 °C), pH (7.0-10.0) and NaCl concentration (12.5-27.5%) were observed, showing thermostable, alkali-stable and halostable properties of the cellulase. Significant inhibition by EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) revealed it was a metalloenzyme with serine and histidine residues essential for enzyme catalysis. The surfactants tested had little effects on the enzyme activity. The endoglucanase showed high activity and stability in the presence of non-polar hydrophobic organic solvents with log Pow≥0.88. Together these results indicated the cellulase from Haloarcula sp. G10 maybe an ideal choice for applications in industrial process under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Life Science College, Yuncheng University, 1155 Fudan West Street, Yuncheng 044000, China
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42
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Rodrigues EC, Bezerra BTC, Farias BV, Adriano WS, Vieira RS, Azevedo DCS, Silva IJ. Adsorption of Cellulase Isolated fromAspergillus Nigeron Chitosan/Alginate Particles Functionalized with Epichlorohydrin. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.31.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. Rodrigues
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Bruna T. C. Bezerra
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Barbara V. Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Wellington S. Adriano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Science - CES/UAS, Campina Grande Federal University, 58175-000, Cuite - PB - Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Vieira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Diana C. S. Azevedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Ivanildo J. Silva
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
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43
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Annamalai N, Rajeswari MV, Elayaraja S, Balasubramanian T. Thermostable, haloalkaline cellulase from Bacillus halodurans CAS 1 by conversion of lignocellulosic wastes. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:409-15. [PMID: 23544556 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable, haloalkaline cellulase by bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes from Bacillus halodurans CAS 1 was purified to homogeneity with recovery of 12.54% and purity fold 7.96 with the molecular weight of 44 kDa. The optimum temperature, pH and NaCl for enzyme activity was determined as 60°C, 9.0 and 30% and it retained 80% of activity even at 80°C, 12 and 35% respectively. The activity was greatly inhibited by EDTA, indicating that it was a metalloenzyme and significant inhibition by PMSF revealed that serine residue was essential for catalytic activity. The purified cellulase hydrolyzed CMC, cellobiose and xylan, but not avicel, cellulose and PNPG. Furthermore, the cellulase was highly stable in the presence of detergents and organic solvents such as acetone, n-hexane and acetonitrile. Thus, the purified cellulase from B. halodurans utilizing lignocellulosic biomass could be greatly useful to develop industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelamegam Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, 205, Antonio R. Barcelo, Cayey, PR.
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Shivanand P, Mugeraya G, Kumar A. Utilization of renewable agricultural residues for the production of extracellular halostable cellulase from newly isolated Halomonas sp. strain PS47. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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45
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Ogan A, Danis O, Gozuacik A, Cakmar E, Birbir M. Production of cellulase by immobilized whole cells of Haloarcula. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812050092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Zhao K, Guo LZ, Lu WD. Extracellular Production of Novel Halotolerant, Thermostable, and Alkali-Stable Carboxymethyl Cellulase by Marine Bacterium Marinimicrobium sp. LS-A18. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:550-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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47
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Purification and characterization of an acidothermophilic cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis strain LFS3. Extremophiles 2012; 16:637-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Purification and characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant alkaline cellulase from a halophilic isolate of Thalassobacillus. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1531-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Li X, Yu HY. Purification and characterization of an organic-solvent-tolerant cellulase from a halotolerant isolate, Bacillus sp. L1. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1117-24. [PMID: 22438110 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A halotolerant isolate Bacillus sp. L1 producing extracellular cellulase was isolated from Yuncheng, China. Production of the enzyme started from mid-exponential phase of bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the post-stationary phase. The cellulase was purified to homogeneity with molecular mass of 45 kDa. Substrate specificity test indicated that it was an endoglucanase for soluble cellulose. Optimal enzyme activity was found to be at 60 °C, pH 8.0, and 7.5 % NaCl. Furthermore, it was highly active and stable over broad ranges of temperature (30-80 °C), pH (7.0-9.0), and NaCl concentration (2.5-15 %), thus showing its excellent thermostable, alkali-stable, and halotolerant nature. The cellulase activity was greatly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, indicating that it was a metalloenzyme. Significant inhibition by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and phenylarsine oxide revealed that serine and cysteine residues were essential for the enzyme catalysis. Moreover, the cellulase was highly active in the presence of surfactants, and it showed high stability in the presence of water-insoluble organic solvents with log P (ow)at least 0.88. Results from this study indicate that the purified cellulase from isolate L1 may have considerable potential for industrial application owing to its useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Life Science College, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China.
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50
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Expression and characterization of a novel metagenome-derived cellulase Exo2b and its application to improve cellulase activity in Trichoderma reesei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:951-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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