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Zhang Q, Li N, Hou Y, Fan M, Zhang Y, Dang F. Co-immobilization of crosslinked enzyme aggregates on lysozyme functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for enhancing stability and activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133180. [PMID: 38880453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of carriers plays a key role in enzyme loading capacity, structure rigidity, and thus catalyze activity of immobilized enzymes. In this work, the two model enzymes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are co-immobilized on the lysozyme functionalized magnetic core-shell nanocomposites (LYZ@MCSNCs) to enhance their stability and activity. Briefly, the HRP and GOx aggregates are firstly formed under the crosslinker of trimesic acid, in which the loading amount and the rigidity of the enzyme can be further increased. Additionally, LYZ easily forms a robust anti-biofouling nanofilm on the surface of SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with abundant functional groups, which facilitate chemical crosslinking of HRP and GOx aggregates with minimized inactivation. The immobilized enzyme of HRP-GOx@LYZ@MCSNCs exhibited excellent recovery activity (95.6 %) higher than that of the free enzyme (HRP&GOx). Specifically, 85 % of relative activity was retained after seven cycles, while 73.5 % of initial activity was also remained after storage for 33 days at 4 °C. The thermal stability and pH adaptability of HRP-GOx@LYZ@MCSNCs were better than those of free enzyme of HRP&GOx. This study provides a mild and ecofriendly strategy for multienzyme co-immobilization based on LYZ functionalized magnetic nanoparticles using HRP and GOx as model enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yawen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fuquan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an 710119, China.
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2
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Yip YS, Jaafar NR, Rahman RA, Puspaningsih NNT, Jailani N, Illias RM. Improvement of combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and maltogenic amylase by functionalization of cross-linker for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133241. [PMID: 38897508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and maltogenic amylase (Mag1) from Bacillus lehensis G1 (Combi-CLEAs-CM) were successfully developed to synthesis maltooligosaccharides (MOS). Yet, the poor cross-linking performance between chitosan (cross-linker) and enzymes resulting low activity recovery and catalytic efficiency. In this study, we proposed the functionalization of cross-linkers with the integration of computational analysis to study the influences of different functional group on cross-linkers in combi-CLEAs development. From in-silico analysis, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) with the highest binding affinity toward both enzymes was chosen and showed alignment with the experimental result, in which OCMCS was synthesized as cross-linker to develop improved activity recovery of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs (74 %). The thermal stability and deactivation energy (205.86 kJ/mol) of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs were found to be higher than Combi-CLEAs-CM (192.59 kJ/mol). The introduction of longer side chain of carboxymethyl group led to a more flexible structure of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs. This alteration significantly reduced the Km value of Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs by about 3.64-fold and resulted in a greater Kcat/Km (3.63-fold higher) as compared to Combi-CLEAs-CM. Moreover, Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs improved the reusability with retained >50 % of activity while Combi-CLEAs-CM only 36.18 % after five cycles. Finally, maximum MOS production (777.46 mg/g) was obtained by Combi-CLEAs-CM-ocmcs after optimization using response surface methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Seng Yip
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Laboratory of Proteomics, University-CoE Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C-UNAIR, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashriq Jailani
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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3
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Qin T, Liu L, Cao H, Lu B, Nie S, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Liu H, An X. Polydopamine modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for efficient cellulase immobilization towards advanced bamboo fiber flexibility and tissue softness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126734. [PMID: 37683746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a green facile approach to improve the flexibility of unbleached bamboo kraft pulp (UBKP) via an immobilized enzyme technology is proposed. Polydopamine (PDA) acts as versatile modification and coating materials of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for assembling versatile bio-carriers (PDA@CNC). Cellulase biomacromolecules are efficiently immobilized on PDA@CNC to form cellulase@PDA@CNC nanocomposites. The relative enzyme activity, temperature/pH tolerance, and storage stability of cellulase were significantly improved after immobilization. The degree of polymerization treated UBKP decreased by 5.42 % (25 U/g pulp) compared to the control sample. The flexibility of treated fibers was 6.61 × 1014/(N·m2), which was 96.93 % higher (25 U/g) compared to the control and 3.88 times higher than that of the blank fibers. Cellulase@PDA@CNC performs excellent accessibility to fiber structure and induces high degree of fibrillation and hydrolysis of UBKP fibers, which contributes high softness of obtained tissue handsheets. The bio-carrier PDA@CNC within paper framework may further enhance tissue tensile strength. This study proposes a practical and environmentally friendly immobilization approach of cellulase@PDA@CNC for improving the hydrolysis efficiency and flexibility of UBKP fibers, which provides the possibility to maintain the strength of tissue paper while improving its softness, thus broadening the high-value application of immobilized enzyme technology in tissue production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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4
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Hsieh CY, Hong PY, Hsieh LS. Immobilization of BoPAL3 Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase on Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Nylon 6/Chitosan Crosslinked with Dextran Polyaldehyde. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3699. [PMID: 37765553 PMCID: PMC10535932 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is common in plants and catalyzes the formation of trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia via phenylalanine deamination. Recombinant Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL3 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was immobilized on an electrospun nanofibrous membrane using dextran polyaldehyde as a crosslinker. The immobilized BoPAL3 protein exhibited comparable kinetic properties with the free BoPAL3 protein and could be recycled for six consecutive cycles compared with the free BoPAL3 protein. The residual activity of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein was 84% after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, whereas the free BoPAL3 protein retained 56% residual activity in the same storage conditions. Furthermore, the resistance of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein to chemical denaturants was greatly increased. Therefore, the BoPAL3 protein can be immobilized using the natural dextran polyaldehyde crosslinker in place of the conventional chemical crosslinker. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon 6, and chitosan (CS) are incredibly stable and useful for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 111, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Hong
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
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Noori R, Perwez M, Mazumder JA, Ali J, Sardar M. Bio-imprinted magnetic cross-linked polyphenol oxidase aggregates for enhanced synthesis of L-dopa, a neurodegenerative therapeutic drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:974-985. [PMID: 36464190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bio-imprinted magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (i-m-CLEAs) of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) obtained from potato peels were prepared using amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Bio-imprinting is being used to improve the catalytic efficiency and conformational stability of enzymes. For bio-imprinting, PPO was incubated with different imprint/template molecules (catechol, 4-methyl catechol and l-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine) before cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. CLEAs imprinted with 4-methyl catechol showed maximum activity as compared with non-bio-imprinted magnetic CLEAs (m-CLEAs). They were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. In bio-imprinted m-CLEAs, half-life (t1/2) of PPO significantly improved (364.74 min) as compared to free PPO (43.58 min) and non-bio-imprinted m-CLEAs (266.54 min). Bio-imprinted m-CLEAs showed excellent thermal and storage stability as well as reusability. The CLEAs preparation were used for the synthesis of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa, a therapeutic drug to treat neurodegenerative disorder) and a remarkable increase in L-dopa yield (23.5-fold) was obtained as compared to free enzyme. A cost effective and reusable method has been described for the production of L-dopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia Noori
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Mohammad Perwez
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Jahirul Ahmed Mazumder
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Juned Ali
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India.
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Qian J, Huang A, Zhu H, Ding J, Zhang W, Chen Y. Immobilization of lipase on silica nanoparticles by adsorption followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:25-38. [PMID: 36370210 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B was immobilized on silica (SiO2) nanoparticles by physical adsorption, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to prepare cross-linked immobilized lipase (CLIL). During the condition of 1.28 mg/mL lipase concentration, 25 ℃ temperature, 2 h adsorption time, 0.01% GA (V/V) 7.5 mL and 2 h cross-linking time, the highest recovery activity of CLIL reached 87.82 ± 0.07% (22.55 ± 0.025 U/mg). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) confirmed that lipase was immobilized on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. The changes in secondary structures of CLIL indicated that cross-linking changed the secondary structure of lipase protein, which made the structure of CLIL more stable. Compared with the free lipase, the thermal stability and storage stability of CLIL was significantly improved, and the t1/2 at 60 °C was extended. Studies had shown that it was a feasible method to obtain CLIL by cross-linking after adsorbing lipase on SiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aomei Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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7
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Dlamini ML, Lesaoana M, Kotze I, Richards HL. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as effective crystalline supports for aspergillus-based laccase immobilization for the biocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137142. [PMID: 36347352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) were employed as effective porous supports for laccase enzyme attachment and further explored synergistic adsorption and biocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in aqueous solutions. Characterization results from FTIR and NMR analysis confirmed successful incorporation of the laccase enzyme onto ZIF particles. Further analyses from SEM and TEM revealed rhombic dodecahedral morphologies of ZIF crystals with crusts of the enzyme observed on the particles' surface. The carbamazepine degradation results showed that immobilization of the laccase improved its stability and resistance at various pH's, in comparison to the free enzyme. The immobilized laccase also exhibited relatively higher activities across the studied temperature range compared to the free form. Kinetic studies revealed a negligible decline in velocity, Vmax after immobilization, evaluated to be 0.873 and 0.692 mg L-1 h-1 for the free and immobilized laccase, respectively. The immobilized laccase demonstrated improved stabilities towards organic solvents, which qualifies the composite's application in real wastewater samples. In which case, the laccase-ZIF composite proved effective in CBZ decontamination with an efficiency of ∼92%. Furthermore, the immobilized laccase exhibited appreciable storage stabilities (∼70% residual activity) for up to 15 days before any significant loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbongiseni Lungelo Dlamini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Mahadi Lesaoana
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Izak Kotze
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Heidi Lynn Richards
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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8
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Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Metal–Organic Frameworks Functionalized by Ionic Liquid as Supports for Immobilization of Pancreatic Lipase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206800. [PMID: 36296392 PMCID: PMC9609868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are difficult to recycle, which limits their large-scale industrial applications. In this work, an ionic liquid-modified magnetic metal–organic framework composite, IL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2, was prepared and used as a support for enzyme immobilization. The properties of the support were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and so on. The catalytic performance of the immobilized enzyme was also investigated in the hydrolysis reaction of glyceryl triacetate. Compared with soluble porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), immobilized lipase (PPL-IL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2) had greater catalytic activity under reaction conditions. It also showed better thermal stability and anti-denaturant properties. The specific activity of PPL-IL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 was 2.3 times higher than that of soluble PPL. After 10 repeated catalytic cycles, the residual activity of PPL-IL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 reached 74.4%, which was higher than that of PPL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 (62.3%). In addition, kinetic parameter tests revealed that PPL-IL-Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 had a stronger affinity to the substrate and, thus, exhibited higher catalytic efficiency. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 modified by ionic liquids has great potential for immobilized enzymes.
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9
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Hormozi Jangi SR, Akhond M. Introducing a covalent thiol-based protected immobilized acetylcholinesterase with enhanced enzymatic performances for biosynthesis of esters. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Kamal S, Rehman S, Bibi I, Akhter N, Amir R, Alsanie WF, Iqbal HMN. Graphene oxide/chitosan composites as novel support to provide high yield and stable formulations of pectinase for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:683-691. [PMID: 35987366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular pectinase from a mixed consortium of Bacillus sp. (BSP) was immobilized onto graphene oxide/chitosan composite (GO/CS) through covalent binding to enhance its recycling and operational stability features. Different parameters were optimized, including cross-linker concentration (%), time, pH, and GO/CS-pectinase ratios. GO/CS-pectinase was further characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The activity of GO/CS-pectinase was reached up to 804 μmolmin-1 with an immobilization efficiency of 80.64 ± 1.15 % under optimum conditions. GO/CS-pectinase exhibited a 3.0-folds higher half-life (t1/2) than free pectinase at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. The Vmax and KM values of GO/CS-pectinase were found to be nearly equal to the free pectinase indicating that conformational flexibility was retained. Kd, t1/2, ∆G*, ∆H*, and ∆S* of both free pectinase and GO/CS-pectinase was 0.0339 & 0.0721 min-1, 9.62 and 40.44 min, 81.35, 90.72 kJmol-1, 47.098 & 63.635 kJmol-1, -102.86 & -81.340 Jmole-1 K-1. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the successful binding of pectinase with GO/CS, which retained about 92 % of its original catalytic activity after ten consecutive reaction cycles. Finally, GO/CS-pectinase was employed for guava juice clarification which exhibited the turbidity reduction up to 81 % after 75 min of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rija Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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11
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Jia M, Luo Z, Chen H, Ma B, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang P, Wang A. Programmable Polyproteams of Tyrosine Ammonia Lyases as Cross-Linked Enzymes for Synthesizing p-Coumaric Acid. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070997. [PMID: 35883553 PMCID: PMC9313006 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal immobilization with enhanced biocatalyst activity and thermostability enables natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool to yield synthetically useful chemicals in industry. Such an enzymatic method strategy becomes easier and more convenient with the use of genetic and protein engineering. Here, we developed a covalent programmable polyproteam of tyrosine ammonia lyases (TAL-CLEs) by fusing SpyTag and SpyCatcher peptides into the N-terminal and C-terminal of the TAL, respectively. The resulting circular enzymes were clear after the spontaneous isopeptide bonds formed between the SpyTag and SpyCatcher. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the TAL-CLEs was measured via a synthesis sample of p-Coumaric acid. Our TAL-CLEs showed excellent catalytic efficiency, with 98.31 ± 1.14% yield of the target product—which is 4.15 ± 0.08 times higher than that of traditional glutaraldehyde-mediated enzyme aggregates. They also showed over four times as much enzyme-activity as wild-type TAL does and demonstrated good reusability, and so may become a good candidate for industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Qiao
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (A.W.)
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12
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Altaf NUH, Naz MY, Shukrullah S, Ghamkhar M, Irfan M, Rahman S, Jakubowski T, Alqurashi EA, Glowacz A, Mahnashi MH. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduction of Ag + Ions into Silver Nanoparticles in Open Atmosphere under Statistically Optimized Conditions for Biological and Photocatalytic Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113826. [PMID: 35683124 PMCID: PMC9181389 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly non-thermal DC plasma reduction route was adopted to reduce Ag+ ions at the plasma−liquid interface into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under statistically optimized conditions for biological and photocatalytic applications. The efficiency and reactivity of AgNPs were improved by statistically optimizing the reaction parameters with a Box−Behnken Design (BBD). The size of the AgNPs was chosen as a statistical response parameter, while the concentration of the stabilizer, the concentration of the silver salt, and the plasma reaction time were chosen as independent factors. The optimized parameters for the plasma production of AgNPs were estimated using a response surface methodology and a significant model p < 0.05. The AgNPs, prepared under optimized conditions, were characterized and then tested for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic potentials. The optimal conditions for these three activities were 3 mM of stabilizing agent, 5 mM of AgNO3, and 30 min of reaction time. Having particles size of 19 to 37 nm under optimized conditions, the AgNPs revealed a 82.3% degradation of methyl orange dye under UV light irradiation. The antibacterial response of the optimized AgNPs against S. aureus and E. coli strains revealed inhabitation zones of 15 mm and 12 mm, respectively, which demonstrate an antioxidant activity of 81.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Huda Altaf
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (N.U.H.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (N.U.H.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Madiha Ghamkhar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.)
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.)
| | - Tomasz Jakubowski
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116 B Str., 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Esam A. Alqurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Albaha, Albaha 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Glowacz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
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Yan H, Shi B, Ding J, Zhu H, Li X, Qian J. Preparation and characterization of a nontoxic cross‐linked lipase aggregate by using sodium tripolyphosphate and chitosan. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Bobo Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hanxiao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xinchen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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14
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Nagy F, Sánta-Bell E, Jipa M, Hornyánszky G, Szilágyi A, László K, Katona G, Paizs C, Poppe L, Balogh-Weiser D. Cross-Linked Enzyme-Adhered Nanoparticles (CLEANs) for Continuous-Flow Bioproduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102284. [PMID: 34913608 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured but micro-sized biocatalysts were created by bottom-up technology using multi-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) as nano-sized building blocks to form cross-linked enzyme-adhered nanoparticles (CLEANs) as robust micro-sized particles with beneficial internal structure and good mechanical properties. Systematic surface modification of NPs with a grafting mixture consisting of organosilanes with reactive (aminopropyl) and inert (e. g., vinyl, propyl, phenyl, or octyl) functions resulted in functional NPs enabling cross-linking agents, such as glutardialdehyde or bisepoxides (glycerol diglycidyl ether, neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether, and poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether), to bind and cross-link enzymes covalently and to form macroporous microparticles. These CLEANs were able to diminish several weaknesses of traditional cross-linked enzyme aggregates as biocatalysts, such as poor mechanical resistance, difficult recovery, and storage, strengthening their use for packed-bed enzyme reactors. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) was selected as model enzyme for development of robust CLEANs, which were successfully tested for various industrially relevant applications including a kinetic resolution of a racemic alcohol and the production of various natural fragrance compounds under continuous-flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelin Sánta-Bell
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monica Jipa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gábor Hornyánszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szilágyi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina László
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SynBiocat LLC, Szilasliget u 3, 1072, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- SynBiocat LLC, Szilasliget u 3, 1072, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Wei B, Liu F, Liu X, Cheng L, Yuan Q, Gao H, Liang H. Enhancing stability and by-product tolerance of β-glucuronidase based on magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112241. [PMID: 34847520 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
β-glucuronidase is an important catalyst which is highly specific for β-glucuronides. Here, we constructed magnetic cross-linking β-glucuronidase aggregates (MCLEAs) to for the production of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Before crosslinking via glutaraldehyde, we used carbodiimide to enhance the interaction between enzymes and carboxyl-functionalized Fe3O4, efficiently improving the activity recovery. Compared to free enzymes, both kcat and kcat/Km enhanced, indicating that crosslinking and aggregation brought higher catalytic efficiency to enzymes. MCLEAs enhanced pH and thermal stabilities and retained 63.3% of catalytic activity after 6 cycles. More importantly, it was first found that the glucuronic acid tolerance of β-glucuronidase after the formation of MCLEAs enhanced 221.5% in 10 mM of glucuronic acid. According to the Raman spectroscopy, the ordered structure of β-glucuronidase increased from 43.9% to 50.6% after immobilization, which explained the increased stability and tolerance. To sum up, MCLEAs provided an efficient strategy for immobilization of enzymes, which enhanced stability and glucuronic acid tolerance of enzymes. It might be an effective solution to the serious inhibition caused by by-products during the preparation of aglycone from natural glycosides, having a significant applied prospect in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Leiyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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16
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Hong PY, Huang YH, Lim GCW, Chen YP, Hsiao CJ, Chen LH, Ciou JY, Hsieh LS. Production of Trans-Cinnamic Acid by Immobilization of the Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL1 and BoPAL2 Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyases on Electrospun Nanofibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011184. [PMID: 34681846 PMCID: PMC8541413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the nonoxidative deamination of phenylalanine to yield trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia. Recombinant Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL1/2 proteins were immobilized onto electrospun nanofibers by dextran polyaldehyde as a cross-linking agent. A central composite design (CCD)-response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the electrospinning parameters. Escherichia coli expressed eBoPAL2 exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency among four enzymes. The optimum conditions for fabricating nanofibers were determined as follows: flow rate of 0.10 mL/h, voltage of 13.8 kV, and distance of 13 cm. The response surface models were used to obtain the smaller the fiber diameters as well as the highest PAL activity in the enzyme immobilization. Compared with free BoPALs, immobilized BoPALs can be reused for at least 6 consecutive cycles. The remained activity of the immobilized BoPAL proteins after storage at 4 °C for 30 days were between 75 and 83%. In addition, the tolerance against denaturants of the immobilized BoPAL proteins were significantly enhanced. As a result, the dextran polyaldehyde natural cross-linking agent can effectively replace traditional chemical cross-linking agents for the immobilization of the BoPAL enzymes. The PAL/nylon 6/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) nanofibers made are extremely stable and are practical for industrial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Hong
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Yi-Hao Huang
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - GiGi Chin Wen Lim
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Animal Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Che-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, 2126 TAMU College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Li-Hsien Chen
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jhih-Ying Ciou
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Lu-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.H.); (G.C.W.L.); (L.-H.C.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-23590121 (ext. 37331)
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17
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Abstract
The market for industrial enzymes has witnessed constant growth, which is currently around 7% a year, projected to reach $10.5 billion in 2024. Lipases are hydrolase enzymes naturally responsible for triglyceride hydrolysis. They are the most expansively used industrial biocatalysts, with wide application in a broad range of industries. However, these biocatalytic processes are usually limited by the low stability of the enzyme, the half-life time, and the processes required to solve these problems are complex and lack application feasibility at the industrial scale. Emerging technologies create new materials for enzyme carriers and sophisticate the well-known immobilization principles to produce more robust, eco-friendlier, and cheaper biocatalysts. Therefore, this review discusses the trending studies and industrial applications of the materials and protocols for lipase immobilization, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and potential alternatives for lipases at the industrial level.
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Immobilization of Sporothrix schenckii 1099-18 exo-polygalacturonase in magnetic mesoporous silica yolk-shell spheres: Highly reusable biocatalysts for apple juice clarification. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Engineering of a Novel, Magnetic, Bi-Functional, Enzymatic Nanobiocatalyst for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure (R)-3-quinuclidinol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni2+-NTA-boosted magnetic porous silica nanoparticles (Ni@MSN) to serve as ideal support for bi-functional enzyme were fabricated for the first time. The versatility of this support was validated by one-step purification and immobilization of bi-functional enzyme MLG consisting of 3-Quinuclidinone reductase and glucose dehydrogenase, which can simultaneously catalyze both carbonyl reduction and cofactor regeneration, to fabricate an artificial bi-functional nanobiocatalyst (namely, MLG-Ni@MSN). The enzyme loading of 71.7 mg/g support and 92.7% immobilization efficiency were obtained. Moreover, the immobilized MLG showed wider pH and temperature tolerance and greater storage stability than free MLG under the same conditions. The nanosystem was employed as biocatalyst to accomplish the 3-quinuclidinone (70 g/L) to (R)-3-quinuclidinol biotransformation in 100% conversion yield with >99% selectivity within 6 h and simultaneous cofactor regeneration. Furthermore, the immobilized MLG retained up to 80.3% (carbonyl reduction) and 78.0% (cofactor regeneration) of the initial activity after being recycled eight times. In addition, the MLG-Ni@MSN system exhibited almost no enzyme leaching during biotransformation and recycling. Therefore, we have reason to believe that the Ni@MSN support gave great promise for constructing a new biocatalytic nanosystem with multifunctional enzymes to achieve some other complex bioconversions.
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Guo H, Lei B, Yu J, Chen Y, Qian J. Immobilization of lipase by dialdehyde cellulose crosslinked magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:287-296. [PMID: 34153359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose microcrystalline (MCC) was widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industries because of its low degree of polymerization and large specific surface area. As its modified form, dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) was used for cross-linking and immobilizing Rhizopus lipase together with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) due to its active aldehyde groups. In this study, in order to maintain the original enzyme activity as much as possible and improve the stability of lipase, the Rhizopus lipase was successfully immobilized on the magnetic dialdehyde cellulose nanoparticles (MDC). Specifically, the immobilization conditions including dosage of DAC, concentration of enzyme, immobilization time and temperature together with pH value of the reaction medium were optimized. Maximum immobilization yield (60.03 ± 0.49%) and recovery activity (88.88 ± 0.61%) can be obtained under the optimal process conditions. The changes in secondary structures of immobilized enzyme revealed the increment in conformational rigidity, which can be reflected in temperature and pH stability as well as tolerance of organic reagents. Additionally, the recovery activity of immobilized enzyme still reached 50.60 ± 0.59% after 30 d of storage and 52.10 ± 0.57% retained after 6 cycles. These results indicated the ideal application prospect of MDC in immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| | - Bingshuang Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
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21
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Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of a Transpeptidase-Specialized Variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase: An Efficient and Stable Biocatalyst for l-Theanine Synthesis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of glutathione’s γ-glutamyl group and related γ-glutamyl amides to water, amino acids or peptides, and utilizes a conserved Thr residue to process its own polypeptide chain into a large and a small subunit that then assemble to produce a catalytically competent enzyme. In this study, the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of a transpeptidase-specialized variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis GGT were successfully prepared with optimized process parameters viz.1.25:1 (v/v) of isopropanol to N450D (0.3 mg/mL) ratio/0.02:1 (w/w) of enzyme to 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated magnetic nanoparticle ratio/20 mM of glutaraldehyde. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles and immobilized enzyme (N450D-mCLEAs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope integrated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS), and superparamagnetic analysis. As compared with free enzyme, N450D-mCLEAs displayed significantly higher heat resistance at temperatures of 55 and 60 °C, and had a greater stability over a storage period of one month. The immobilized enzyme could also be reused for 10 consecutive biocatalytic cycles with no significant reduction in the percent yield of l-theanine. Conclusively, this immobilization strategy surely provides a meaningful glance of developing N450D-mediated biocatalysis for the production of physiologically important γ-glutamyl compounds.
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Del Arco J, Alcántara AR, Fernández-Lafuente R, Fernández-Lucas J. Magnetic micro-macro biocatalysts applied to industrial bioprocesses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124547. [PMID: 33352394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic biocatalysts is highly beneficial in bioprocesses technology, as it allows their easy recovering and enhances biocatalyst lifetime. Thus, it simplifies operational processing and increases efficiency, leading to more cost-effective processes. The use of small-size matrices as carriers for enzyme immobilization enables to maximize surface area and catalysts loading, also reducing diffusion limitations. As highly expensive nanoparticles (nm size) usually aggregate, their application at large scale is not recommended. In contrast, the use of magnetic micro-macro (µm-mm size) matrices leads to more homogeneous biocatalysts with null or very low aggregation, which facilitates an easy handling and recovery. The present review aims to highlight recent trends in the application of medium-to-high size magnetic biocatalysts in different areas (biodiesel production, food and pharma industries, protein purification or removal of environmental contaminants). The advantages and disadvantages of these above-mentioned magnetic biocatalysts in bioprocess technology will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Del Arco
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Nouri M, Khodaiyan F. Magnetic Biocatalysts of Pectinase: Synthesis by Macromolecular Cross-Linker for Application in Apple Juice Clarification. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 58:391-401. [PMID: 33505202 PMCID: PMC7821784 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.04.20.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Pectinase enzyme has become a valuable compound in beverage industry. One of the most significant concepts to overcome the drawbacks of using industrial enzymes is their immobilization. In the present study, magnetic chitosan microparticles were utilized as a substrate for pectinase immobilization. New methods of enzyme immobilization involve the use of non-chemical cross-linkers between the enzyme and the substrate. The aim of this study is to immobilize the pectinase enzyme using polyaldehyde kefiran as a macromolecular cross-linker on magnetic particles. Experimental approach Pectinase was immobilized in four steps: relative oxidation of kefiran and its application as a cross-linker, production of magnetic iron(II) iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) microparticles, coating of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with chitosan, and immobilization of the enzyme on the substrate, prepared by the use of oxidized kefiran cross-linker. Parameters such as cross-linking concentration, time and ratio of chitosan magnetic microparticles to enzyme were optimized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to identify the groups and investigate the structures. The biochemical properties (stability of enzyme activity at different pH, temperature and time), enzyme reusability, kinetic parameters (Km and νmax) and apple juice turbidity, using free and immobilized pectinase enzymes, were also measured. Results and conclusions Cross-linker concentration, cross-linking time and the ratio of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with chitosan to enzyme were important factors in activity recovery of pectinase. FTIR analysis correctly identified functional groups in the structures. The results showed that after enzyme stabilization, the particle size and molecular mass, respectively, increased and decreased the magnetic saturation strength. According to the thermal kinetic study, the activity of the immobilized pectinase was higher than of its free form. The findings of this study indicate excellent stability and durability of the immobilized pectinase. Finally, a magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst was used to clarify apple juice, which reduced turbidity during processing. Novelty and scientific contribution This study investigates the usage of kefiran oxidized as a new cross-linker for the immobilization of pectinase enzyme. Magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst has a good potential for industrial applications in the food industry, with high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nouri
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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25
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Immobilization of Eversa ® Transform via CLEA Technology Converts It in a Suitable Biocatalyst for Biolubricant Production Using Waste Cooking Oil. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010193. [PMID: 33401727 PMCID: PMC7794791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of the previously optimized magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregate of Eversa (Eversa-mCLEA) in the enzymatic synthesis of biolubricants by transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with different alcohols has been evaluated. Eversa-mCLEA showed good activities using these alcohols, reaching a transesterification activity with isoamyl alcohol around 10-fold higher than with methanol. Yields of isoamyl fatty acid ester synthesis were similar using WCO or refined oil, confirming that this biocatalyst could be utilized to transform this residue into a valuable product. The effects of WCO/isoamyl alcohol molar ratio and enzyme load on the synthesis of biolubricant were also investigated. A maximum yield of around 90 wt.% was reached after 72 h of reaction using an enzyme load of 12 esterification units/g oil and a WCO/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6 in a solvent-free system. At the same conditions, the liquid Eversa yielded a maximum ester yield of only 34%. This study demonstrated the great changes in the enzyme properties that can be derived from a proper immobilization system. Moreover, it also shows the potential of WCO as a feedstock for the production of isoamyl fatty acid esters, which are potential candidates as biolubricants.
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26
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Nouri M, khodaiyan F. Green synthesis of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles and their application with poly-aldehyde kefiran cross-linker to immobilize pectinase enzyme. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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28
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Joseph JE, Mary PR, Haritha KV, Panwar D, Kapoor M. Soluble and Cross-Linked Aggregated Forms of α-Galactosidase from Vigna mungo Immobilized on Magnetic Nanocomposites: Improved Stability and Reusability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:238-256. [PMID: 32894388 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases hold immense potential due to their biotechnological applications in various industrial and functional food sectors. In the present study, soluble and covalently cross-linked aggregated forms of a low molecular weight, thermo-labile α-galactosidase from Vigna mungo (VM-αGal) seeds were immobilized onto chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for improved stability and repeated usage by magnetic separation. Parameters like precipitants (type, amount, and ratio), glutaraldehyde concentration, and enzyme load were optimized for the preparation of chitosan-coated magnetic nanocomposites of cross-linked VM-αGal (VM-αGal-MC) and VM-αGal (VM-αGal-M) resulted in 100% immobilization efficiency. Size and morphology of VM-αGal-M were studied through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the chemical composition of VM-αGal-MC and VM-αGal-M. VM-αGal-MC and VM-αGal-M were found more active in a broad range of pH (3-8) and displayed optimal temperatures up to 25 °C higher than VM-αGal. Addition of non-ionic detergents (except Tween-40) improved VM-αGal-MC activity by up to 44% but negatively affected VM-αGal-M activity. Both VM-αGal-MC (15% residual activity after 21 min at 85 °C, Ed 92.42 kcal/mol) and VM-αGal-M (69.0% residual activity after 10 min at 75 °C, Ed 39.87 kcal/mol) showed remarkable thermal stability and repeatedly hydrolyzed the substrate for 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juby Elsa Joseph
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Priyanka Rose Mary
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India
| | - K V Haritha
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Deepesh Panwar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India.
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29
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Hero JS, Morales AH, Perotti NI, Romero CM, Martinez MA. Improved development in magnetic Xyl-CLEAs technology for biotransformation of agro-industrial by-products through the use of a novel macromolecular cross-linker. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Taheri-Kafrani A, Kharazmi S, Nasrollahzadeh M, Soozanipour A, Ejeian F, Etedali P, Mansouri-Tehrani HA, Razmjou A, Yek SMG, Varma RS. Recent developments in enzyme immobilization technology for high-throughput processing in food industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3160-3196. [PMID: 32715740 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food and beverage markets has increased as a result of population increase and in view of health awareness. The quality of products from food processing industry has to be improved economically by incorporating greener methodologies that enhances the safety and shelf life via the enzymes application while maintaining the essential nutritional qualities. The utilization of enzymes is rendered more favorable in industrial practices via the modification of their characteristics as attested by studies on enzyme immobilization pertaining to different stages of food and beverage processing; these studies have enhanced the catalytic activity, stability of enzymes and lowered the overall cost. However, the harsh conditions of industrial processes continue to increase the propensity of enzyme destabilization thus shortening their industrial lifespan namely enzyme leaching, recoverability, uncontrollable orientation and the lack of a general procedure. Innovative studies have strived to provide new tools and materials for the development of systems offering new possibilities for industrial applications of enzymes. Herein, an effort has been made to present up-to-date developments on enzyme immobilization and current challenges in the food and beverage industries in terms of enhancing the enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kharazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Soozanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Etedali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoudi-Gom Yek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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31
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Sadeghzadeh S, Ghobadi Nejad Z, Ghasemi S, Khafaji M, Borghei SM. Removal of bisphenol A in aqueous solution using magnetic cross-linked laccase aggregates from Trametes hirsuta. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123169. [PMID: 32182473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic removal of Bisphenol A (BPA), acknowledged as an environmentally friendly approach, is a promising method to deal with hard degradable contaminants. However, the application of "enzymatic treatment" has been limited due to lower operational stability and practical difficulties associated with recovery and recycling. Enzyme immobilization is an innovative approach which circumvents these drawbacks. In this study, laccase from Trametes hirsuta was used for BPA removal. Amino-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method followed by surface modification with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The as-prepared nanoparticles were utilized for the immobilization of laccase with the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates method (MCLEAs). Activity recovery of 27% was achieved, while no immobilized laccase was observed in the cross-linked enzyme aggregates method. The performance of immobilized laccase was measured by analyzing the degradation of BPA pollutant. The maximum removal efficiency of 87.3% was attained with an initial concentration of 60 ppm throughout 11 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi Nejad
- Biochemistry & Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11155-1399, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Ghasemi
- Institute of Water and Energy, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11365-8639, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khafaji
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Borghei
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Biochemistry & Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11155-1399, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Cao YP, Xia YP, Gu XF, Han L, Chen Q, Zhi GY, Zhang DH. PEI-crosslinked lipase on the surface of magnetic microspheres and its characteristics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Gupta MN, Perwez M, Sardar M. Protein crosslinking: Uses in chemistry, biology and biotechnology. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1733990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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34
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Hormozi Jangi SR, Akhond M, Dehghani Z. High throughput covalent immobilization process for improvement of shelf-life, operational cycles, relative activity in organic media and enzymatic kinetics of urease and its application for urea removal from water samples. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Iriarte-Mesa C, López YC, Matos-Peralta Y, de la Vega-Hernández K, Antuch M. Gold, Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Bionanoconjugation Strategies Aimed at Electrochemical Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:12. [PMID: 31907672 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have revolutionized the sensing and biosensing fields, with the development of more sensitive and selective devices for multiple applications. Gold, silver and iron oxide nanoparticles have played a particularly major role in this development. In this review, we provide a general overview of the synthesis and characteristics of gold, silver and iron oxide nanoparticles, along with the main strategies for their surface functionalization with ligands and biomolecules. Finally, different architectures suitable for electrochemical applications are reviewed, as well as their main fabrication procedures. We conclude with some considerations from the authors' perspective regarding the promising use of these materials and the challenges to be faced in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iriarte-Mesa
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10 400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yeisy C López
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10 400, La Habana, Cuba.,Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Calzada Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, 11 500, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yasser Matos-Peralta
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10 400, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Manuel Antuch
- Unité de Chimie et Procédés, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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36
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Biochemical and Structural Characterization of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of Organic Solvent Tolerant Protease. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) is an immobilization technique that can be used to customize enzymes under an optimized condition. Structural analysis on any enzyme treated with a CLEA remains elusive and has been less explored. In the present work, a method for preparing an organic solvent tolerant protease using a CLEA is disclosed and optimized for better biochemical properties, followed by an analysis of the structure of this CLEA-treated protease. The said organic solvent tolerant protease is a metalloprotease known as elastase strain K in which activity of the metalloprotease is measured by a biochemical interaction with azocasein. Results showed that when a glutaraldehyde of 0.02% (v/v) was used under a 2 h treatment, the amount of recovered activity in CLEA-elastase was highest. The recovered activity of CLEA-elastase and CLEA-elastase-SB (which was a CLEA co-aggregated with starch and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) were at an approximate 60% and 80%, respectively. The CLEA immobilization of elastase strain K allowed the stability of the enzyme to be enhanced at high temperature and at a broader pH. Both CLEA-elastase and CLEA-elastase-SB end-products were able to maintain up to 67% enzyme activity at 60 °C and exhibiting an enhanced stability within pH 5–9 with up to 90% recovering activity. By implementing a CLEA on the organic solvent tolerant protease, the characteristics of the organic solvent tolerant were preserved and enhanced with the presence of 25% (v/v) acetonitrile, ethanol, and benzene at 165%, 173%, and 153% relative activity. Structural analysis through SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that CLEA-elastase had a random aggregate morphology with an average diameter of 1497 nm.
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37
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Chen G, Hu Q, Shu H, Wang L, Cui X, Han J, Bashir K, Luo Z, Chang C, Fu Q. Fluorescent biosensor based on magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates/CdTe quantum dots for the detection of H 2O 2-bioprecursors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensing system for H2O2-bioprecursors based on CdTe quantum dots and magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hua Shu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xia Cui
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jili Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Kamran Bashir
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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38
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Paitaid P, H-Kittikun A. Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Aspergillus oryzae ST11 Lipase Using Polyacrylonitrile Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biodiesel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1319-1332. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Enhanced Performance of Immobilized Xylanase/Filter Paper-ase on a Magnetic Chitosan Support. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on different supports has emerged as an efficient and cost-effective tool to improve their stability and reuse capacity. This work aimed to produce a stable immobilized multienzymatic system of xylanase and filter paper-ase (FPase) onto magnetic chitosan using genipin as a cross-linking agent and to evaluate its biochemical properties and reuse capacity. A mixture of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles, xylanase, and FPase was covalently bonded using genipin. Immobilization yield and efficiency were quantified. The activity of free and immobilized enzymes was quantified at different values of pH, temperature, substrate concentration (Km and Vmax), and reuse cycles. The immobilization yield, immobilization efficiency, and activity recovery were 145.3% ± 3.06%, 14.8% ± 0.81%, and 21.5% ± 0.72%, respectively, measured as the total hydrolytic activity. Immobilization confers resistance to acidic/basic conditions and thermal stability compared to the free form. Immobilization improved 3.5-fold and 78-fold the catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of the xylanase and filter paper-ase activities, while immobilized xylanase and FPase could be reused for 34 min and 43 min, respectively. Cross-linking significantly improved the biochemical properties of immobilized enzymes, combined with their simplicity of reuse due to the paramagnetic property of the support. Multienzyme immobilization technology is an important issue for industrial applications.
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40
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Moradi S, Khodaiyan F, Hadi Razavi S. Green construction of recyclable amino-tannic acid modified magnetic nanoparticles: Application for β-glucosidase immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1366-1374. [PMID: 31730982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme in food industry is great interest due to its role in food conversion to produce functional food products. In this study, the BGL was covalently immobilized onto amino-tannic acid modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (ATA-Fe3O4 MNPs) as biocompatible nanoplatform by modified poly-aldehyde pullulan (PAP) as a cross-linker to enhance the ability and strength of the nanoparticle connection to the enzyme. The properties of support were subsequently characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The highest percentage of loading and immobilization yield was obtained with 0.1 mg enzyme/mL citrate buffer (pH 6, 1 M) enzyme solution, carrier solution of 10 mg ATA-Fe3O4/3 mL citrate buffer (pH 6, 1 M), and PAP solution of 20% total reaction system volume. Optimum pH and temperature were found for free (pH 5.0 and temperature 30 °C) and immobilized (pH 6.0 and temperature 40 °C) enzyme. The immobilized BGL maintains its activity to 83% after 10 cycles. Therefore, immobilization of BGL by this method is an efficient procedure to improve the properties of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moradi
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
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41
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Abdul Wahab MKH, El-Enshasy HA, Bakar FDA, Murad AMA, Jahim JM, Illias RM. Improvement of cross-linking and stability on cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA)-xylanase by protein surface engineering. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Oxidase-like activity of magnetically separable nano ceria for catechol detection. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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43
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Abstract
Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.
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Ghosh S, Ahmad R, Khare SK. Refolding of thermally denatured cholesterol oxidases by magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:958-965. [PMID: 31325504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are prone to unfolding and subsequent denaturation by changes in temperature, pH and other harsh conditions. Nanoparticles act as artificial 'chaperones' due to favourable orientation of the proteins on their scaffold which prevents aggregation and reconfigures denatured proteins into their native functional state. In the present study, thermal denaturation of Cholesterol oxidases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA, Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 3951 and Streptomyces sp. were studied at temperatures 50-70 °C. Further, these thermally denatured proteins were refolded using functionalized Magnetic Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles which was confirmed using DLS, Zeta Potential Measurements, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. The refolded proteins were found to regain their secondary structure and activity to a great extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrima Ghosh
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Razi Ahmad
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S K Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Nadar SS, Rathod VK. One pot synthesis of α-amylase metal organic framework (MOF)-sponge via dip-coating technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:1035-1043. [PMID: 31325508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme embedded metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are blooming in the field of enzyme immobilization on account of their superior catalytic efficiency, thermal and chemical stability as compared to native enzyme. However, the separation and recovery of enzyme embedded MOF composite is quite challenging due to its nanometer size, high dispersity and low density which limits the reusability. In this work, α-amylase embedded zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)-67 was fabricated onto melamine sponge using surfactant assisted dip coating technique. This was achieved in single pot making the method facile and rapid. α-Amylase MOF-sponge was analysed and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA. We demonstrated that the encapsulation could maintain the active conformational structure of α-amylase after immobilization procedure with excellent bioactivity. Further, apart from merits of framework shielding, it offers mass transfer limitation for macromolecular substrate (like starch) which was determined and expressed as effectiveness factor (η) by using Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. At the end, recycling studies were carried out for α-amylase MOF-sponge which showed 32% residual activity after six consecutive cycles. It is believed that this strategy has great potential in the field of continuous biotransformation (catalysis), biosensing and biomedicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Jin W, Xu Y, Yu XW. Preparation of lipase cross-linked enzyme aggregates in octyl-modified mesocellular foams. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:342-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mehde AA. Development of magnetic cross-linked peroxidase aggregates on starch as enhancement template and their application for decolorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:721-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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You LF, Wei T, Zheng QW, Jiang BH, Lin JF, Guo LQ. Optimization of Baccatin III Production by Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate of Taxoid 10β-O-Acetyltransferase. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:498-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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Immobilization of enological pectinase in calcium alginate hydrogels: A potential biocatalyst for winemaking. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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