1
|
Jiang C, Zou D, Ruan L, Han W, Wei X. Multilevel metabolic engineering for enhanced synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Biotechnol Lett 2024:10.1007/s10529-024-03523-x. [PMID: 39162861 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance the de novo synthesis of SAM, the effects of several key genes on SAM synthesis were examined based on modular strategy, and the key genes were manipulated to obtain an engineered strain with high SAM production. RESULTS In Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSAM6, the deletion of argG gene to block aspartic acid branching degradation increased SAM titer to 254.78 ± 15.91 mg/L, up 18% from HSAM6. Subsequently, deleting the moaA gene to boost the supply of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate led to the stunted growth and the plummeting yield of SAM. Further improvement of strain growth by overexpression of the citA gene, while SAM synthesis was not significantly enhanced. Finally, the maximum SAM titer (452.89 ± 13.42 mg/L) was obtained by overexpression SAM2 gene using the multicopy plasmid. CONCLUSIONS The deletion of argG gene and the overexpression of SAM2 gene significantly improved SAM synthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv Y, Chang J, Zhang W, Dong H, Chen S, Wang X, Zhao A, Zhang S, Alam MA, Wang S, Du C, Xu J, Wang W, Xu P. Improving Microbial Cell Factory Performance by Engineering SAM Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3846-3871. [PMID: 38372640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Methylated natural products are widely spread in nature. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the secondary abundant cofactor and the primary methyl donor, which confer natural products with structural and functional diversification. The increasing demand for SAM-dependent natural products (SdNPs) has motivated the development of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for sustainable and efficient SdNP production. Insufficient and unsustainable SAM availability hinders the improvement of SdNP MCF performance. From the perspective of developing MCF, this review summarized recent understanding of de novo SAM biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism. SAM is just the methyl mediator but not the original methyl source. Effective and sustainable methyl source supply is critical for efficient SdNP production. We compared and discussed the innate and relatively less explored alternative methyl sources and identified the one involving cheap one-carbon compound as more promising. The SAM biosynthesis is synergistically regulated on multilevels and is tightly connected with ATP and NAD(P)H pools. We also covered the recent advancement of metabolic engineering in improving intracellular SAM availability and SdNP production. Dynamic regulation is a promising strategy to achieve accurate and dynamic fine-tuning of intracellular SAM pool size. Finally, we discussed the design and engineering constraints underlying construction of SAM-responsive genetic circuits and envisioned their future applications in developing SdNP MCFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinmian Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, 678 Tianchen Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Hanyu Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Song Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaojun Du
- Nanyang Research Institute of Zhengzhou University, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou D, Zhao Z, Li L, Min Y, Zhang D, Ji A, Jiang C, Wei X, Wu X. A comprehensive review of spermidine: Safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism, food materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and bioprocessing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2820-2842. [PMID: 35478379 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine, a natural autophagy inducer, has a variety of health effects, such as antitumor, antiaging, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular protection, and neuromodulation. It has been a hot topic in the field of food processing, and current research findings suggest that spermidine-rich foods may be used in intervention and prevention of age-related diseases. In this article, recent findings on the safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism of spermidine were reviewed, and advances in food processing, including the raw materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and biological processing of spermidine, were highlighted. In particular, the core metabolic pathways, key gene targets, and efficient metabolic engineering strategies involved in the biosynthesis of spermidine and its precursors were discussed. Moreover, limitations and future perspectives of spermidine research were proposed. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights on spermidine from its safety to its food processing, which will advance the commercial production and applications of spermidine-rich foods and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Min
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang X, Deng H, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Characterization of a novel type homoserine dehydrogenase with high oxidation activity from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Zhang C, Sultan SA, T R, Chen X. Biotechnological applications of S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent methyltransferases for natural products biosynthesis and diversification. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:72. [PMID: 38650197 PMCID: PMC10992897 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of natural products, methylation is a common and essential transformation to alter molecules' bioavailability and bioactivity. The main methylation reaction is performed by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs). With advancements in genomic and chemical profiling technologies, novel MTs have been discovered to accept complex substrates and synthesize industrially valuable natural products. However, to achieve a high yield of small molecules in microbial hosts, many methyltransferase activities have been reported to be insufficient. Moreover, inadequate co-factor supplies and feedback inhibition of the by-product, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), further limit MTs' activities. Here, we review recent advances in SAM-dependent MTs to produce and diversify natural products. First, we surveyed recently identified novel methyltransferases in natural product biosynthesis. Second, we summarized enzyme engineering strategies to improve methyltransferase activity, with a particular focus on high-throughput assay design and application. Finally, we reviewed innovations in co-factor regeneration and diversification, both in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthily, many MTs are able to accept multiple structurally similar substrates. Such promiscuous methyltransferases are versatile and can be tailored to design de novo pathways to produce molecules whose biosynthetic pathway is unknown or non-existent in nature, thus broadening the scope of biosynthesized functional molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congqiang Zhang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Stella Amelia Sultan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Rehka T
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xixian Chen
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Becker J, Wittmann C. Metabolic Engineering of
Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Li N, Xu S, Du G, Chen J, Zhou J. Efficient production of L-homoserine in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 by redistribution of metabolic flux. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
8
|
Enhancement of S-adenosylmethionine production by deleting thrB gene and overexpressing SAM2 gene in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2293-2298. [PMID: 32577851 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) production in methionine-free medium, effects of deleting genes of SAM decarboxylase (speD) and homoserine kinase (thrB) on SAM titers were investigated, and the SAM synthetase gene (SAM2) was also overexpressed. RESULTS In B. amyloliquefaciens HSAM2, deleting speD to block the SAM utilization pathway significantly reduced the SAM titer. After knockout of thrB to block the branched pathway, the resulted mutant HSAM4 produced 143.93 mg/L SAM, increasing by 42% than HSAM2. Further plasmid-based expression of SAM2 improved the SAM titer to 226.92 mg/L, and final optimization of key fermentation parameters resulted in the maximum SAM titer of 412.01 mg/L in flasks batch fermentation. CONCLUSIONS Deleting thrB and overexpressing SAM2 gene were efficient for enhanced SAM production in B. amyloliquefaciens. The maximum SAM titer in flasks batch fermentation was much higher than that of previous reports.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ma W, Wang J, Yin L, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:568-584. [PMID: 32474971 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, l-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 was improved by deleting three genes in the genome, replacing the native promoter of ilvA in the genome, and overexpression of five genes in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system. The three genes deleted in the genome are alaT, brnQ, and alr. Deletion of alaT improved l-isoleucine production by increasing the supply of pyruvate, whereas deletion of brnQ improved l-isoleucine production by blocking the uptake of extracellular l-isoleucine. Exchange of the native promoter of ilvA with promoter tac or tacM could contribute to l-isoleucine production by increasing 2-ketobutyric acid; tac is better than tacM for improving l-isoleucine yield. Different combinations of the genes ilvBN, ppnK, lrp, and brnFE were overexpressed in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system to further improve l-isoleucine production, and the best yield after 72-H flask fermentation was obtained from the strain WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1. Without addition of any antibiotics, WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1 could produce 32.1 g/L l-isoleucine after 72-H fed-batch fermentation, which is 34.3% increase compared with the original strain WM001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fermentative N-Methylanthranilate Production by Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060866. [PMID: 32521697 PMCID: PMC7356990 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-functionalized amino acid N-methylanthranilate is an important precursor for bioactive compounds such as anticancer acridone alkaloids, the antinociceptive alkaloid O-isopropyl N-methylanthranilate, the flavor compound O-methyl-N-methylanthranilate, and as a building block for peptide-based drugs. Current chemical and biocatalytic synthetic routes to N-alkylated amino acids are often unprofitable and restricted to low yields or high costs through cofactor regeneration systems. Amino acid fermentation processes using the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum are operated industrially at the million tons per annum scale. Fermentative processes using C. glutamicum for N-alkylated amino acids based on an imine reductase have been developed, while N-alkylation of the aromatic amino acid anthranilate with S-adenosyl methionine as methyl-donor has not been described for this bacterium. After metabolic engineering for enhanced supply of anthranilate by channeling carbon flux into the shikimate pathway, preventing by-product formation and enhancing sugar uptake, heterologous expression of the gene anmt encoding anthranilate N-methyltransferase from Ruta graveolens resulted in production of N-methylanthranilate (NMA), which accumulated in the culture medium. Increased SAM regeneration by coexpression of the homologous adenosylhomocysteinase gene sahH improved N-methylanthranilate production. In a test bioreactor culture, the metabolically engineered C. glutamicum C1* strain produced NMA to a final titer of 0.5 g·L−1 with a volumetric productivity of 0.01 g·L−1·h−1 and a yield of 4.8 mg·g−1 glucose.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li N, Zeng W, Xu S, Zhou J. Obtaining a series of native gradient promoter-5'-UTR sequences in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:120. [PMID: 32493332 PMCID: PMC7268698 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial microorganism used for the production of many valuable compounds, especially amino acids and their derivatives. For fine-tuning of metabolic pathways, synthetic biological tools are largely based on the rational application of promoters. However, the limited number of promoters make it difficult. RESULTS In this study, according to the analysis of RNA-Seq data, 90 DNA fragments with lengths of 200-500 bp that may contain promoter-5'-UTR (PUTR) sequences were amplified and linked to a fluorescent protein gene. When compared with the common strong PUTR PsodUTR, 17 strong PUTRs were obtained, which maintained stable expression strengths from the early to post stationary phase. Among them, PNCgl1676UTR was the strongest and its fluorescent protein expression level was more than five times higher than that of PsodUTR. Furthermore, nine typical chemicals related to the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids (such as L-methionine, L-cysteine) were selected as stress substances to preliminarily explore the stress on these PUTRs. The results showed that the expression of PbrnFUTR was activated by L-methionine, while that of PNCgl1202UTR was severely inhibited by L-lysine. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that the selected PUTRs can stably express different genes, such as the red fluorescence protein gene, and can be useful for fine-tuning regulation of metabolic networks in C. glutamicum or for establishing high-throughput screening strategies through biosensor for the production of useful compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han G, Xu N, Sun X, Chen J, Chen C, Wang Q. Improvement of l-Valine Production by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis and High-Throughput Screening in Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4751-4758. [PMID: 32201760 PMCID: PMC7081258 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the branched-chain amino acids, l-valine is an essential nutrient for most mammalian species. In this study, the l-valine producer Corynebacterium glutamicum ΔppcΔaceEΔalatΔpqo was first constructed. Additionally, an improved biosensor based on the Lrp-type transcriptional regulator and temperature-sensitive replication was built. Then, the C. glutamicum strain was mutagenized by atmospheric and room temperature plasma. A sequential three-step procedure was carried out to screen l-valine-producing strains, including the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), 96-well plate screening, and flask fermentation. The final mutant HL2-7 obtained by screening produced 3.20 g/L of l-valine, which was 21.47% higher than the titer produced by the starting strain. This study demonstrates that the l-valine-producing mutants can be successfully isolated based on the Lrp sensor system in combination with FACS screening after random mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Han
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
- School
of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xieping Sun
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Chen
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
- School
of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li G, Li H, Tan Y, Hao N, Yang X, Chen K, Ouyang P. Improved S-adenosyl-l-methionine production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using tofu yellow serofluid. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:100-106. [PMID: 31926980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) has been attracting increasing attention because of its significance in the pharmaceutical industry; however, the high cost of this compound limits its application. Tofu yellow serofluid exhibits high nutritional value and is not costly; therefore, it can be utilized as a substrate in the fermentation industry. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured in the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium for the SAM biosynthesis. The optimum tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium contained 70 g/L of glucose, 30 % of yellow serofluid, 20 g/L of l-methionine, and 2.5 g/L of ammonium citrate. Under these conditions, the optimum feeding strategy was established. The results revealed that the dry cell weight (DCW) reached 123.1 g/L, the maximum production of SAM was 16.14 g/L, the highest SAM productivity reached 1.048 g/L/h, and SAM content was determined at 131.1 mg/g DCW. Furthermore, addition of tofu yellow serofluid reduced the average cost of SAM by 31.9 % to compare with the culture process without addition of tofu yellow serofluid. Thus, the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium improved the production of SAM and significantly reduced the production costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganlu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu W, Zhu X, Lian J, Huang L, Xu Z. Efficient production of glutathione with multi-pathway engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1685-1695. [PMID: 31420796 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is a bioactive tripeptide composed of glycine, L-cysteine, and L-glutamate, and has been widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and healthy products. The current metabolic studies of glutathione were mainly focused on the native producing strains with precursor amino acid supplementation. In the present work, Corynebacterium glutamicum, a workhorse for industrial production of a series of amino acids, was engineered to produce glutathione. First, the introduction of glutathione synthetase gene gshF from Streptococcus agalactiae fulfilled the ability of glutathione production in C. glutamicum and revealed that L-cysteine was the limiting factor. Then, considering the inherent capability of L-glutamate synthesis and the availability of external addition of low-cost glycine, L-cysteine biosynthesis was enhanced using a varieties of pathway engineering methods, such as disrupting the degradation pathways of L-cysteine and L-serine, and removing the repressor responsible for sulfur metabolism. Finally, the simultaneously introduction of gshF and enhancement of cysteine formation enabled C. glutamicum strain to produce glutathione greatly. Without external addition of L-cysteine and L-glutamate, 756 mg/L glutathione was produced. This is first time to demonstrate the potential of the glutathione non-producing strain C. glutamicum for glutathione production and provide a novel strategy to construct glutathione-producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruan L, Li L, Zou D, Jiang C, Wen Z, Chen S, Deng Y, Wei X. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for enhanced production of S-adenosylmethionine by coupling of an engineered S-adenosylmethionine pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:211. [PMID: 31516550 PMCID: PMC6732833 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical cofactor involved in many biochemical reactions. However, the low fermentation titer of SAM in methionine-free medium hampers commercial-scale production. The SAM synthesis pathway is specially related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, the SAM synthesis pathway was engineered and coupled with the TCA cycle in B. amyloliquefaciens to improve SAM production in methionine-free medium. RESULTS Four genes were found to significantly affect SAM production, including SAM2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metA and metB from Escherichia coli, and native mccA. These four genes were combined to engineer the SAM pathway, resulting in a 1.42-fold increase in SAM titer using recombinant strain HSAM1. The engineered SAM pathway was subsequently coupled with the TCA cycle through deletion of succinyl-CoA synthetase gene sucC, and the resulted HSAM2 mutant produced a maximum SAM titer of 107.47 mg/L, representing a 0.59-fold increase over HSAM1. Expression of SAM2 in this strain via a recombinant plasmid resulted in strain HSAM3 that produced 648.99 mg/L SAM following semi-continuous flask batch fermentation, a much higher yield than previously reported for methionine-free medium. CONCLUSIONS This study reports an efficient strategy for improving SAM production that can also be applied for generation of SAM cofactors supporting group transfer reactions, which could benefit metabolic engineering, chemical biology and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang W, Bai R, Zhang H, Cai X. Study of the effect of culture mediums on the amino acid metabolites for
Corynebacterium glutamicum
using high‐speed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2665-2671. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologySchool of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Ruiguang Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologySchool of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologySchool of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologySchool of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Methyl anthranilate (MANT) is a widely used compound to give grape scent and flavor, but is currently produced by petroleum-based processes. Here, we report the direct fermentative production of MANT from glucose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum strains harboring a synthetic plant-derived metabolic pathway. Optimizing the key enzyme anthranilic acid (ANT) methyltransferase1 (AAMT1) expression, increasing the direct precursor ANT supply, and enhancing the intracellular availability and salvage of the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine required by AAMT1, results in improved MANT production in both engineered microorganisms. Furthermore, in situ two-phase extractive fermentation using tributyrin as an extractant is developed to overcome MANT toxicity. Fed-batch cultures of the final engineered E. coli and C. glutamicum strains in two-phase cultivation mode led to the production of 4.47 and 5.74 g/L MANT, respectively, in minimal media containing glucose. The metabolic engineering strategies developed here will be useful for the production of volatile aromatic esters including MANT.
Collapse
|
19
|
Construction of Novel Aspartokinase Mutant A380I and Its Characterization by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123379. [PMID: 30572676 PMCID: PMC6321352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel monomer aspartokinase (AK) from Corynebacterium pekinense was identified, and its monomer model was constructed. Site 380 was identified by homologous sequencing and monomer model comparison as the key site which was conserved and located around the binding site of the inhibitor Lys. Furthermore, the mutant A380I with enzyme activity 11.32-fold higher than wild type AK (WT-AK), was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and high throughput screening. In the mutant A380I, the optimal temperature was raised from 26 °C (WT-AK) to 28 °C, the optimal pH remained unchanged at 8.0, and the half-life was prolonged from 4.5 h (WT-AK) to 6.0 h, indicating enhanced thermal stability. The inhibition of A380I was weakened at various inhibitor concentrations and even activated at certain inhibitor concentrations (10 mM of Lys, 5 mM or 10 mM of Lys + Thr, 10 mM of Lys + Met, 5 mM of Lys + Thr + Met). Molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that the occupancy rate of hydrogen bond between A380I and ATP was enhanced, the effect of Lys (inhibitor) on the protein was weakened, and the angle between Ser281-Tyre358 and Asp359-Gly427 was increased after mutation, leading to an open conformation (R-state) that favored the binding of substrate.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Wei H, Wang T, Xu Q, Zhang C, Fan X, Ma Q, Chen N, Xie X. Current status on metabolic engineering for the production of l-aspartate family amino acids and derivatives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1588-1602. [PMID: 28579173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The l-aspartate amino acids (AFAAs) are constituted of l-aspartate, l-lysine, l-methionine, l-threonine and l-isoleucine. Except for l-aspartate, AFAAs are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans and most farm animals, and thus possess wide applications in food, animal feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. To date, a number of amino acids, including AFAAs have been industrially produced by microbial fermentation. However, the overall metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of the synthesis of AFAAs and the recent progress on strain construction have rarely been reviewed. Aiming to promote the establishment of strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, the two industrial amino acids producing bacteria, that are capable of producing high titers of AFAAs and derivatives, this paper systematically summarizes the current progress on metabolic engineering manipulations in both central metabolic pathways and AFAA synthesis pathways based on the category of the five-word strain breeding strategies: enter, flow, moderate, block and exit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ma
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Sun Y, Pan SA, Deng WW, Yu O, Zhang Z. Engineering a novel biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli for the production of caffeine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrated a novel biosynthetic pathway to produce caffeine in Escherichia coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-an Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong X, Zhao Y, Hu J, Li Y, Wang X. Attenuating l -lysine production by deletion of ddh and lysE and their effect on l -threonine and l -isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Chen H, Wang Z, Cai H, Zhou C. Progress in the microbial production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:153. [PMID: 27465853 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), which exists in all living organisms, serves as an activated group donor in a range of metabolic reactions, including trans-methylation, trans-sulfuration and trans-propylamine. Compared with its chemical synthesis and enzyme catalysis production, the microbial production of SAM is feasible for industrial applications. The current clinical demand for SAM is constantly increasing. Therefore, vast interest exists in engineering the SAM metabolism in cells for increasing product titers. Here, we provided an overview of updates on SAM microbial productivity improvements with an emphasis on various strategies that have been used to enhance SAM production based on increasing the precursor and co-factor availabilities in microbes. These strategies included the sections of SAM-producing microbes and their mutant screening, optimization of the fermentation process, and the metabolic engineering. The SAM-producing strains that were used extensively were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Candida utilis, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli, in addition to others. The optimization of the fermentation process mainly focused on the enhancement of the methionine, ATP, and other co-factor levels through pulsed feeding as well as the optimization of nitrogen and carbon sources. Various metabolic engineering strategies using precise control of gene expression in engineered strains were also highlighted in the present review. In addition, some prospects on SAM microbial production were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rückert C. Sulfate reduction in microorganisms-recent advances and biotechnological applications. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 33:140-146. [PMID: 27461928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur, the least common of the five macroelements, plays an important role in biochemistry due to its ability to be easily reduced or oxidized, leading to a great amount of research concerning sulfur bioconversion. Interestingly, new studies concerning microbial sulfate reduction pathways in the last half decade have become increasingly sparse, indicating that most of the pathways involved have been discovered and studied. Despite this, systems biology approaches to model these pathways are often missing or not used. As the products of microbial sulfate reduction play important roles in the environment, biotechnology, and industry, modeling sulfur bioconversion remains an untapped research space for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rückert
- Sinskey Lab, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Technology Platform Genomics, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|