1
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Mai TD, Kim HM, Park SY, Ma SH, Do JH, Choi W, Jang HM, Hwang HB, Song EG, Shim JS, Joung YH. Metabolism of phenolic compounds catalyzed by Tomato CYP736A61. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 176:110425. [PMID: 38479200 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) regulate plant growth and stress responses by producing diverse primary and secondary metabolites. However, the function of many plant CYPs remains unknown because, despite their structural similarity, predicting the enzymatic activity of CYPs is difficult. In this study, one member of the CYP736A subfamily (CYP736A61) from tomatoes was isolated and characterized its enzymatic functions. CYP736A61 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli through co-expression with molecular chaperones. The purified CYP736A61 showed hydroxylation activity toward 7-ethoxycoumarin, producing 7-hydroxycoumarin or 3-hydroxy 7-ethoxycoumarin. Further substrate screening revealed that dihydrochalcone and stilbene derivates (resveratrol and polydatin) are the substrates of CYP736A61. CYP736A61 also mediated the hydroxylation of resveratrol and polydatin, albeit with low activity. Importantly, CYP736A61 mediated the cleavage of resveratrol and polydatin as well as pinostilbene and pterostilbene. Interestingly, CY736A61 also converted phloretin to naringenin chalcone. These results suggest that CYP736A61 is a novel CYP enzyme with stilbene cleavage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Dat Mai
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ma
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Do
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Bae Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Song
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Fansher D, Besna JN, Fendri A, Pelletier JN. Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5560-5592. [PMID: 38660610 PMCID: PMC11036407 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase is the topic of extensive research as many researchers have evolved this enzyme to generate a variety of products. However, the abundance of information on increasingly diversified variants of P450 BM3 that catalyze a broad array of chemistry is not in a format that enables easy extraction and interpretation. We present a database that categorizes variants by their catalyzed reactions and includes details about substrates to provide reaction context. This database of >1500 P450 BM3 variants is downloadable and machine-readable and includes instructions to maximize ease of gathering information. The database allows rapid identification of commonly reported substitutions, aiding researchers who are unfamiliar with the enzyme in identifying starting points for enzyme engineering. For those actively engaged in engineering P450 BM3, the database, along with this review, provides a powerful and user-friendly platform to understand, predict, and identify the attributes of P450 BM3 variants, encouraging the further engineering of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
J. Fansher
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ali Fendri
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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3
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Gandhi H, Mahant S, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Gupta G, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Kapoor DN. Exploring the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring piceatannol in non-communicable diseases. Biofactors 2024; 50:232-249. [PMID: 37702264 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol is a naturally occurring hydroxylated resveratrol analogue that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been documented to have a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-allergic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive properties. Piceatannol has significantly higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol. Piceatannol has been shown in preclinical studies to have the ability to inhibit or reduce the growth of cancers in various organs such as the brain, breast, lung, colon, cervical, liver, prostate, and skin. However, the bioavailability of Piceatannol is comparatively lower than resveratrol and other stilbenes. Several approaches have been reported in recent years to enhance its bioavailability and biological activity, and clinical trials are required to validate these findings. This review focuses on several aspects of natural stilbene Piceatannol, its chemistry, and its mechanism of action, and its promising therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gandhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Mahant
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, England, UK
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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4
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Shang Y, Zhang P, Wei W, Li J, Ye BC. Metabolic engineering for the high-yield production of polydatin in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129129. [PMID: 37146696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin, a glycosylated derivative of resveratrol, has better structural stability and biological activity than resveratrol. Polydatin is the extract of Polygonum cuspidatum, which has various pharmacological effects. Owing to its Crabtree-negative characteristics and high supply of malonyl-CoA, Yarrowia lipolytica was selected to produce polydatin. Initially, the resveratrol synthetic pathway was established in Y. lipolytica. By enhancing the shikimate pathway flow, redirecting carbon metabolism, and increasing the copies of key genes, a resveratrol yield of 487.77 mg/L was obtained. In addition, by blocking the degradation of polydatin, its accumulation was successfully achieved. Finally, by optimizing the glucose concentration and supplementing with two nutritional marker genes, a high polydatin yield of 6.88 g/L was obtained in Y. lipolytica, which is the highest titer of polydatin produced in a microbial host to date. Overall, this study demonstrates that Y. lipolytica has great potential for glycoside synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Shang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Wei
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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A Promiscuous Bacterial P450: The Unparalleled Diversity of BM3 in Pharmaceutical Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111380. [PMID: 34768811 PMCID: PMC8583553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP102A1 (BM3) is a catalytically self-sufficient flavocytochrome fusion protein isolated from Bacillus megaterium, which displays similar metabolic capabilities to many drug-metabolizing human P450 isoforms. BM3's high catalytic efficiency, ease of production and malleable active site makes the enzyme a desirable tool in the production of small molecule metabolites, especially for compounds that exhibit drug-like chemical properties. The engineering of select key residues within the BM3 active site vastly expands the catalytic repertoire, generating variants which can perform a range of modifications. This provides an attractive alternative route to the production of valuable compounds that are often laborious to synthesize via traditional organic means. Extensive studies have been conducted with the aim of engineering BM3 to expand metabolite production towards a comprehensive range of drug-like compounds, with many key examples found both in the literature and in the wider industrial bioproduction setting of desirable oxy-metabolite production by both wild-type BM3 and related variants. This review covers the past and current research on the engineering of BM3 to produce drug metabolites and highlights its crucial role in the future of biosynthetic pharmaceutical production.
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6
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Grogan G. Hemoprotein Catalyzed Oxygenations: P450s, UPOs, and Progress toward Scalable Reactions. JACS AU 2021; 1:1312-1329. [PMID: 34604841 PMCID: PMC8479775 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The selective oxygenation of nonactivated carbon atoms is an ongoing synthetic challenge, and biocatalysts, particularly hemoprotein oxygenases, continue to be investigated for their potential, given both their sustainable chemistry credentials and also their superior selectivity. However, issues of stability, activity, and complex reaction requirements often render these biocatalytic oxygenations problematic with respect to scalable industrial processes. A continuing focus on Cytochromes P450 (P450s), which require a reduced nicotinamide cofactor and redox protein partners for electron transport, has now led to better catalysts and processes with a greater understanding of process requirements and limitations for both in vitro and whole-cell systems. However, the discovery and development of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) has also recently provided valuable complementary technology to P450-catalyzed reactions. UPOs need only hydrogen peroxide to effect oxygenations but are hampered by their sensitivity to peroxide and also by limited selectivity. In this Perspective, we survey recent developments in the engineering of proteins, cells, and processes for oxygenations by these two groups of hemoproteins and evaluate their potential and relative merits for scalable reactions.
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7
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Cao NT, Nguyen NA, Park CM, Cha GS, Park KD, Yun CH. A Novel Statin Compound from Monacolin J Produced Using CYP102A1-Catalyzed Regioselective C-Hydroxylation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100981. [PMID: 34681205 PMCID: PMC8541633 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statin therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Monacolin J is a statin compound, which is an intermediate in the lovastatin biosynthesis pathway, in the fungus Aspergillus terreus. It is also found in red yeast rice, which is made by culturing rice with the yeast Monascus purpureus. Monacolin J has a hydroxyl substituent at position C’-8 of monacolin L. Here, a new statin derivative from monacolin J was made through the catalysis of CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium. A set of CYP102A1 mutants of monacolin J hydroxylation with high catalytic activity was screened. The major hydroxylated product was C-6′a-hydroxymethyl monacolin J, whose structure was confirmed using LC–MS and NMR analysis. The C-6′a-hydroxymethyl monacolin J has never been reported before. It showed a greater ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase than the monacolin J substrate itself. Human liver microsomes and human CYP3A4 also showed the ability to catalyze monacolin J in producing the same product of the CYP102A1-catalyzed reaction. This result motivates a new strategy for the development of a lead for the enzymatic and chemical processes to develop statin drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tan Cao
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.A.N.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Chan Mi Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.A.N.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, 2465-8 Namhaedaero, Gyungnam 52430, Korea;
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.A.N.); (C.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Enzymatic Production of 3-OH Phlorizin, a Possible Bioactive Polyphenol from Apples, by Bacillus megaterium CYP102A1 via Regioselective Hydroxylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081327. [PMID: 34439575 PMCID: PMC8406095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorizin is the most abundant glucoside of phloretin from the apple tree and its products. Phlorizin and its aglycone phloretin are currently considered health-beneficial polyphenols from apples useful in treating hyperglycemia and obesity. Recently, we showed that phloretin could be regioselectively hydroxylated to make 3-OH phloretin by Bacillus megaterium CYP102A1 and human P450 enzymes. The 3-OH phloretin has a potent inhibitory effect on differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes and lipid accumulation. The glucoside of 3-OH phloretin would be a promising agent with increased bioavailability and water solubility compared with its aglycone. However, procedures to make 3-OH phlorizin, a glucoside of 3-OH phloretin, using chemical methods, are not currently available. Here, a biocatalytic strategy for the efficient synthesis of a possibly valuable hydroxylated product, 3-OH phlorizin, was developed via CYP102A1-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation. The production of 3-OH phlorizin by CYP102A1 was confirmed by HPLC and LC–MS spectroscopy in addition to enzymatic removal of its glucose moiety for comparison to 3-OH phloretin. Taken together, in this study, we found a panel of mutants from B. megaterium CYP102A1 could catalyze regioselective hydroxylation of phlorizin to produce 3-OH phlorizin, a catechol product.
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9
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Liu T, Liu Y, Li L, Liu X, Guo Z, Cheng J, Zhu X, Lu L, Zhang J, Fan G, Xie N, Lu J, Jiang H. De Novo Biosynthesis of Polydatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5917-5925. [PMID: 34018734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin, with better structural stability and biological activities than resveratrol, is mainly extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum. In this study, based on the transcriptome analysis of P. cuspidatum, we identified the key glycosyltransferase of resveratrol and achieved the biosynthesis of polydatin from glucose by incorporation with the resveratrol biosynthesis module, UDP-glucose supply module, and glycosyltransferase expression module. Through metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization, the production of polydatin reached 545 mg/L, and the dry cell weight was 27.83 mg/g DCW, which was about twice that of extracted from the P. cuspidatum root (11.404 mg/g DCW). Therefore, it is possible to replace the production mode of polydatin from plant extraction to microbial chassis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Life Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhaokuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Life Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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10
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Regioselective Hydroxylation of Oleanolic Acid Catalyzed by Human CYP3A4 to Produce Hederagenenin, a Chiral Metabolite. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in plants and foods as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins or as a free acid. OA exhibits beneficial activities for humans, including antitumor, antivirus, and hepatoprotection properties without apparent toxicity. The metabolites produced by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are critical for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of drugs. In this study, the potential metabolites of OA were investigated by P450-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Among the various tested human P450s, only human CYP3A4 was active for the hydroxylation of OA. The major metabolite was characterized by a set of analyses using HPLC, LC–MS, and NMR. It was found to be 4-epi-hederagenenin, a chiral product, by regioselective hydroxylation of the methyl group at the C-23 position. These results indicated that CYP3A4 can hydroxylate an OA substrate to make 4-epi-hederagenenin. Possible drug–food interactions are discussed.
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11
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Production of a Human Metabolite of Atorvastatin by Bacterial CYP102A1 Peroxygenase. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a widely used statin drug that prevents cardiovascular disease and treats hyperlipidemia. The major metabolites in humans are 2-OH and 4-OH atorvastatin, which are active metabolites known to show highly inhibiting effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Producing the hydroxylated metabolites by biocatalysts using enzymes and whole-cell biotransformation is more desirable than chemical synthesis. It is more eco-friendly and can increase the yield of desired products. In this study, we have found an enzymatic strategy of P450 enzymes for highly efficient synthesis of the 4-OH atorvastatin, which is an expensive commercial product, by using bacterial CYP102A1 peroxygenase activity with hydrogen peroxide without NADPH. We obtained a set of CYP102A1 mutants with high catalytic activity toward atorvastatin using enzyme library generation, high-throughput screening of highly active mutants, and enzymatic characterization of the mutants. In the hydrogen peroxide supported reactions, a mutant, with nine changed amino acid residues compared to a wild-type among tested mutants, showed the highest catalytic activity of atorvastatin 4-hydroxylation (1.8 min−1). This result shows that CYP102A1 can catalyze atorvastatin 4-hydroxylation by peroxide-dependent oxidation with high catalytic activity. The advantages of CYP102A1 peroxygenase activity over NADPH-supported monooxygenase activity are discussed. Taken together, we suggest that the P450 peroxygenase activity can be used to produce drugs’ metabolites for further studies of their efficacy and safety.
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12
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Jeandet P, Vannozzi A, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Uddin MS, Bru R, Martínez-Márquez A, Clément C, Cordelier S, Manayi A, Nabavi SF, Rasekhian M, El-Saber Batiha G, Khan H, Morkunas I, Belwal T, Jiang J, Koffas M, Nabavi SM. Phytostilbenes as agrochemicals: biosynthesis, bioactivity, metabolic engineering and biotechnology. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1282-1329. [PMID: 33351014 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1976 to 2020. Although constituting a limited chemical family, phytostilbenes represent an emblematic group of molecules among natural compounds. Ever since their discovery as antifungal compounds in plants and their ascribed role in human health and disease, phytostilbenes have never ceased to arouse interest for researchers, leading to a huge development of the literature in this field. Owing to this, the number of references to this class of compounds has reached the tens of thousands. The objective of this article is thus to offer an overview of the different aspects of these compounds through a large bibliography analysis of more than 500 articles. All the aspects regarding phytostilbenes will be covered including their chemistry and biochemistry, regulation of their biosynthesis, biological activities in plants, molecular engineering of stilbene pathways in plants and microbes as well as their biotechnological production by plant cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Roque Bru
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ascension Martínez-Márquez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Jiang
- Dorothy and Fred Chau '71 Constellation Professor, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Room 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Dorothy and Fred Chau '71 Constellation Professor, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Room 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
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Gong N, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang S, Song J, Lu Y, Du G. Control over Polymorph Formation of Polydatin in Binary Solvent System and Structural Characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113260. [PMID: 32846398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin is a natural product used for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor purposes, and often added in medicine, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and dietary supplement. Polymorphism is a key feature of solid-state pharmaceutical products. Polymorphic modifications may exhibit different physical and chemical properties. Here we report two different polymorphs, and the amorphous form of Polydatin. Polymorphs were prepared in binary solvent system. The crystal structures of the two forms were revealed for the first time. The structure and 3D packing were determined with single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The batch consistency and stability were identified with Powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Various functional groups present in the polymorphs were analyzed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method. The thermal properties were investigated with DSC and TGA. HPLC-MS was used for the pharmacokinetic study. Results show that form B has the faster absorption, and can be maintained in animal bodies for a longer time than form A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junke Song
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Beijing, 100050, China.
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Regioselective Hydroxylation of Phloretin, a Bioactive Compound from Apples, by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110330. [PMID: 33105851 PMCID: PMC7690628 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloretin, the major polyphenol compound in apples and apple products, is interesting because it shows beneficial effects on human health. It is mainly found as a form of glucoside, phlorizin. However, the metabolic pathway of phloretin in humans has not been reported. Therefore, identifying phloretin metabolites made in human liver microsomes and the human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes to make them is interesting. In this study, the roles of human liver P450s for phloretin oxidation were examined using human liver microsomes and recombinant human liver P450s. One major metabolite of phloretin in human liver microsomes was 3-OH phloretin, which is the same product of a bacterial CYP102A1-catalyzed reaction of phloretin. CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 showed kcat values of 3.1 and 5.8 min-1, respectively. However, CYP3A4 has a 3.3-fold lower Km value than CYP2C19. The catalytic efficiency of a CYP3A4-catalyzed reaction is 1.8-fold higher than a reaction catalyzed by CYP2C19. Whole-cell biotransformation with CYP3A4 was achieved 0.16 mM h-1 productivity for 3-OH phlorein from 8 mM phloretin at optimal condition. Phloretin was a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activity. Antibodies against CYP3A4 inhibited up to 90% of the microsomal activity of phloretin 3-hydroxylation. The immunoinhibition effect of anti-2C19 is much lower than that of anti-CYP3A4. Thus, CYP3A4 majorly contributes to the human liver microsomal phloretin 3-hydroxylation, and CYP2C19 has a minor role.
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Regioselective Hydroxylation of Naringin Dihydrochalcone to Produce Neoeriocitrin Dihydrochalcone by CYP102A1 (BM3) Mutants. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin dihydrochalcone (DC) is originally derived from the flavonoid naringin, which occurs naturally in citrus fruits, especially in grapefruit. It is used as an artificial sweetener with a strong antioxidant activity with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical fields. At present, enzymatic and chemical methods to make products of naringin DC by hydroxylation reactions have not been developed. Here, an enzymatic strategy for the efficient synthesis of potentially valuable products from naringin DC, a glycoside of phloretin, was developed using Bacillus megaterium CYP102A1 monooxygenase. The major product was identified to be neoeriocitrin DC by NMR and LC-MS analyses. Sixty-seven mutants of CYP102A1 were tested for hydroxylation of naringin DC to produce neoeriocitrin DC. Six mutants with high activity were selected to determine the kinetic parameters and total turnover numbers (TTNs). The kcat value of the most active mutant was 11 min−1 and its TTN was 315. The productivity of neoeriocitrin DC production increased up to 1.1 mM h−1, which corresponds to 0.65 g L−1 h−1. In this study, we achieved a regioselective hydroxylation of naringin DC to produce neoeriocitrin DC.
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Nguyen NA, Jang J, Le TK, Nguyen THH, Woo SM, Yoo SK, Lee YJ, Park KD, Yeom SJ, Kim GJ, Kang HS, Yun CH. Biocatalytic Production of a Potent Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation from Phloretin Using Engineered CYP102A1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6683-6691. [PMID: 32468814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated an efficient enzymatic strategy for producing potentially valuable phloretin metabolites from phlorizin, a glucoside of phloretin that is rich in apple pomace. Almond β-glucosidase efficiently removed phlorizin's glucose moiety to produce phloretin. CYP102A1 engineered by site-directed mutagenesis, domain swapping, and random mutagenesis catalyzed the highly regioselective C-hydroxylation of phloretin into 3-OH phloretin with high conversion yields. Under the optimal hydroxylation conditions of 15 g cells L-1 and a 20 mM substrate for whole-cell biocatalysis, phloretin was regioselectively hydroxylated into 3.1 mM 3-OH phloretin each hour. Furthermore, differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes and lipid accumulation were dramatically inhibited by 3-OH phloretin but promoted by phloretin. Consistent with these inhibitory effects, the expression of adipogenic regulator genes was downregulated by 3-OH phloretin. We propose a platform for the sustainable production and value creation of phloretin metabolites from apple pomace capable of inhibiting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thien-Kim Le
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huong Ha Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Woo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Regioselective hydroxylation pathway of tenatoprazole to produce human metabolites by Bacillus megaterium CYP102A1. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Xia W, Rui W, Zhao W, Sheng S, Lei L, Feng Y, Zhao S. Stable isotope labeling and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside biosynthetic pathway characterization in Fallopia multiflora. PLANTA 2018; 247:613-623. [PMID: 29138972 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The THSG biosynthetic pathway in F. multiflora was characterized, and enzymatic activities responsible for the resveratrol synthesis, hydroxylation, and glycosylation reactions involved in THSG biosynthesis were confirmed in vitro. The biosynthetic origin of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (THSG) and the enzymes involved in THSG biosynthesis in Fallopia multiflora were studied using stable isotope labeling and biocatalytic methods. UPLC-MS-based analyses were used to unravel the isotopologue composition of the biosynthetic intermediates and products, as well as to detect the products of the enzyme assay experiments. In this study, 13C-labeled L-phenylalanine (L-PHE), sodium pyruvate (SP), and sodium bicarbonate (SB) were used as putative precursors in the feeding experiment. Labeling of polydatin (PD) and THSG using [13C9]L-PHE and [13C1]L-PHE confirmed that the p-coumaric moiety of PD and THSG was derived from PHE. The results of the feeding experiments with [13C] SB and [2, 3-13C2] SP suggested that PD and THSG were derivatives of resveratrol that were synthesized by glycosylation and hydroxylation. We developed methods using total crude protein extracts (soluble and microsomal) for comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of resveratrol synthase, glycosyltransferase, and hydroxylase activities in various tissue types of wild F. multiflora and callus cultures. The activity of each tested enzyme was confirmed in one or more tissue types or cell cultures in vitro. The results of the enzyme activity experiments and the distributions of PD and THSG were used to determine the main site and pathway of THSG biosynthesis in F. multiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Xia
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Sheng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, People's Republic of China.
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Khmelevtsova LE, Sazykin IS, Sazykina MA, Seliverstova EY. Prokaryotic cytochromes P450 (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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