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Akram F, Fatima T, Ibrar R, Shabbir I, Shah FI, Haq IU. Trends in the development and current perspective of thermostable bacterial hemicellulases with their industrial endeavors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130993. [PMID: 38508567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulases are enzymes that hydrolyze hemicelluloses, common polysaccharides in nature. Thermophilic hemicellulases, derived from microbial strains, are extensively studied as natural biofuel sources due to the complex structure of hemicelluloses. Recent research aims to elucidate the catalytic principles, mechanisms and specificity of hemicellulases through investigations into their high-temperature stability and structural features, which have applications in biotechnology and industry. This review article targets to serve as a comprehensive resource, highlighting the significant progress in the field and emphasizing the vital role of thermophilic hemicellulases in eco-friendly catalysis. The primary goal is to improve the reliability of hemicellulase enzymes obtained from thermophilic bacterial strains. Additionally, with their ability to break down lignocellulosic materials, hemicellulases hold immense potential for biofuel production. Despite their potential, the commercial viability is hindered by their high enzyme costs, necessitating the development of efficient bioprocesses involving waste pretreatment with microbial consortia to overcome this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Akram F, Haq IU, Shah FI, Aqeel A, Ahmed Z, Mir AS, Qureshi SS, Raja SI. Genus Thermotoga: A valuable home of multifunctional glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for industrial sustainability. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105942. [PMID: 35709577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a dexterous and prolific chemist for cataloging a number of hostile niches that are the ideal residence of various thermophiles. Apart from having other species, these subsurface environments are considered a throne of bacterial genus Thermotoga. The genome sequence of Thermotogales encodes complex and incongruent clusters of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which are superior to their mesophilic counterparts and play a prominent role in various applications due to their extreme intrinsic stability. They have a tremendous capacity to use a wide variety of simple and multifaceted carbohydrates through GHs, formulate fermentative hydrogen and bioethanol at extraordinary yield, and catalyze high-temperature reactions for various biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, no stringent rules exist for the thermo-stabilization of biocatalysts present in the genus Thermotoga. These enzymes endure immense attraction in fundamental aspects of how these polypeptides attain and stabilize their distinctive three-dimensional (3D) structures to accomplish their physiological roles. Moreover, numerous genome sequences from Thermotoga species have revealed a significant fraction of genes most closely related to those of archaeal species, thus firming a staunch belief of lateral gene transfer mechanism. However, the question of its magnitude is still in its infancy. In addition to GHs, this genus is a paragon of encapsulins which carry pharmacological and industrial significance in the field of life sciences. This review highlights an intricate balance between the genomic organizations, factors inducing the thermostability, and pharmacological and industrial applications of GHs isolated from genus Thermotoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azka Shahzad Mir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Sajid Qureshi
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Ibadat Raja
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Glekas PD, Kalantzi S, Dalios A, Hatzinikolaou DG, Mamma D. Biochemical and Thermodynamic Studies on a Novel Thermotolerant GH10 Xylanase from Bacillus safensis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060790. [PMID: 35740915 PMCID: PMC9221164 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases have a broad range of applications in agro-industrial processes. In this study, we report on the discovery and characterization of a new thermotolerant GH10 xylanase from Bacillus safensis, designated as BsXyn10. The xylanase gene (bsxyn10) was cloned from Bacillus safensis and expressed in Escherichia coli. The reduced molecular mass of BsXyn10 was 48 kDa upon SDS-PAGE. Bsxyn10 was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, stable over a broad range of pH (5.0–8.0), and also revealed tolerance toward different modulators (metal cations, EDTA). The enzyme was active toward various xylans with no activity on the glucose-based polysaccharides. KM, vmax, and kcat for oat spelt xylan hydrolysis were found to be 1.96 g·L−1, 58.6 μmole·min−1·(mg protein)−1, and 49 s−1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for oat spelt xylan hydrolysis at 60 °C were ΔS* = −61.9 J·mol−1·K−1, ΔH* = 37.0 kJ·mol−1 and ΔG* = 57.6 kJ·mol−1. BsXyn10 retained high levels of activity at temperatures up to 60 °C. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*D, ΔG*D, ΔS*D) for the thermal deactivation of BsXyn10 at a temperature range of 40–80 °C were: 192.5 ≤ ΔH*D ≤ 192.8 kJ·mol−1, 262.1 ≤ ΔS*D ≤ 265.8 J·mol−1·K−1, and 99.9 ≤ ΔG*D ≤ 109.6 kJ·mol−1. The BsXyn10-treated oat spelt xylan manifested the catalytic release of xylooligosaccharides of 2–6 DP, suggesting that BsXyn10 represents a promising candidate biocatalyst appropriate for several biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis D. Glekas
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Zografou Campus, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Styliani Kalantzi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, 15700 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anargiros Dalios
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, 15700 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Dimitris G. Hatzinikolaou
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Zografou Campus, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (D.G.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, 15700 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.H.); (D.M.)
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Endo-xylanases from Cohnella sp. AR92 aimed at xylan and arabinoxylan conversion into value-added products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6759-6778. [PMID: 34458936 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cohnella belongs to a group of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria within the Paenibacillaceae family. Although most species were described as xylanolytic bacteria, the literature still lacks some key information regarding their repertoire of xylan-degrading enzymes. The whole genome sequence of an isolated xylan-degrading bacterium Cohnella sp. strain AR92 was found to contain five genes encoding putative endo-1,4-β-xylanases, of which four were cloned, expressed, and characterized to better understand the contribution of the individual endo-xylanases to the overall xylanolytic properties of strain AR92. Three of the enzymes, CoXyn10A, CoXyn10C, and CoXyn11A, were shown to be effective at hydrolyzing xylans-derived from agro-industrial, producing oligosaccharides with substrate conversion values of 32.5%, 24.7%, and 10.6%, respectively, using sugarcane bagasse glucuronoarabinoxylan and of 29.9%, 19.1%, and 8.0%, respectively, using wheat bran-derived arabinoxylan. The main reaction products from GH10 enzymes were xylobiose and xylotriose, whereas CoXyn11A produced mostly xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with 2 to 5 units of xylose, often substituted, resulting in potentially prebiotic arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS). The endo-xylanases assay displayed operational features (temperature optima from 49.9 to 50.4 °C and pH optima from 6.01 to 6.31) fitting simultaneous xylan utilization. Homology modeling confirmed the typical folds of the GH10 and GH11 enzymes, substrate docking studies allowed the prediction of subsites (- 2 to + 1 in GH10 and - 3 to + 1 in GH11) and identification of residues involved in ligand interactions, supporting the experimental data. Overall, the Cohnella sp. AR92 endo-xylanases presented significant potential for enzymatic conversion of agro-industrial by-products into high-value products.Key points• Cohnella sp. AR92 genome encoded five potential endo-xylanases.• Cohnella sp. AR92 enzymes produced xylooligosaccharides from xylan, with high yields.• GH10 enzymes from Cohnella sp. AR92 are responsible for the production of X2 and X3 oligosaccharides.• GH11 from Cohnella sp. AR92 contributes to the overall xylan degradation by producing substituted oligosaccharides.
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Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Talens-Perales D, Jiménez-Ortega E, Sánchez-Torres P, Sanz-Aparicio J, Polaina J. Phylogenetic, functional and structural characterization of a GH10 xylanase active at extreme conditions of temperature and alkalinity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2676-2686. [PMID: 34093984 PMCID: PMC8148631 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoxylanases active under extreme conditions of
temperature and alkalinity can replace the use of highly pollutant chemicals in
the pulp and paper industry. Searching for enzymes with these properties, we
carried out a comprehensive bioinformatics study of the GH10 family. The
phylogenetic analysis allowed the construction of a radial cladogram in which
protein sequences putatively ascribed as thermophilic and alkaliphilic appeared
grouped in a well-defined region of the cladogram, designated TAK Cluster. One
among five TAK sequences selected for experimental analysis (Xyn11) showed
extraordinary xylanolytic activity under simultaneous conditions of high
temperature (90 °C) and alkalinity (pH 10.5). Addition of a carbohydrate binding
domain (CBM2) at the C-terminus of the protein sequence further improved the
activity of the enzyme at high pH. Xyn11 structure, which has been solved at
1.8 Å resolution by X-ray crystallography, reveals an unusually high number of
hydrophobic, ionic and hydrogen bond atomic interactions that could account for
the enzyme’s extremophilic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Yu J, Liu X, Guan L, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. High-level expression and enzymatic properties of a novel thermostable xylanase with high arabinoxylan degradation ability from Chaetomium sp. suitable for beer mashing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:223-232. [PMID: 33309660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermostable xylanase gene from Chaetomium sp. CQ31 was cloned and codon-optimized (CsXynBop). The deduced protein sequence of the gene shared the highest similarity of 75% with the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 xylanase from Achaetomium sp. Xz-8. CsXynBop was over-expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 by high-cell density fermentation, with the highest xylanase yield of 10,017 U/mL. The recombinant xylanase (CsXynBop) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. CsXynBop was optimally active at pH 6.5 and 85 °C, respectively, and stable over a broad pH range of 5.0-9.5 and up to 60 °C. The enzyme exhibited strict substrate specificity towards oat-spelt xylan (2, 489 U/mg), beechwood xylan (1522 U/mg), birchwood xylan (1067 U/mg), and showed relatively high activity towards arabinoxylan (1208 U/mg), but exhibited no activity on other tested polysaccharides. CsXynBop hydrolyzed different xylans to yield mainly xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-5. The application of CsXynBop (200 U/g malt) in malt mashing substantially decreased the filtration time and viscosity of malt by 42.3% and 8.6%, respectively. These excellent characteristics of CsXynBop may make it a good candidate in beer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueqiang Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Efficient xylan-to-sugar biotransformation using an engineered xylanase in hyperthermic environment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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