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Yang K, Zhang X, Yang J, Huojiahemaiti X, Li X, Liu Z, Peng P. Isovaleramide attenuates ethylene glycol poisoning-induced acute kidney injury and reduces mortality by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:641-654. [PMID: 39324373 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
We explored the potential value of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor isovaleramide (ISO) in the treatment of acute ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning-induced acute kidney injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, EG, EG + ISO (10 mg/kg) and EG + ISO (20 mg/kg) groups. It is found that ISO intervention significantly reduced the ADH activity in liver tissue by using visible spectrophotometry, inhibited the in vivo metabolism of EG by using gas chromatography, lowered the levels of toxic metabolites glycolic acid and oxalic acid by using high-performance liquid chromatography and decreased the expression of kidney injury markers serum creatinine (sCr), KIM-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) by ELISA. Additionally, Western blotting results showed that ISO down-regulated the expression of apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the kidneys and upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. Pizzolato staining and polarized light microscopy results revealed the reduced deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tubules. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining, we found attenuated kidney tissue pathological injury. Finally, ISO significantly reduced the mortality rate. In conclusion, ISO has the potential to be a valuable drug for the treatment of EG poisoning-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaokelaiti Huojiahemaiti
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Center of Emergency and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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2
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Ding Z, Luo Y, Yuan Q, Wang G, Yu Z, Zhao M, Liu D, Zhang W. Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25312-25320. [PMID: 39219059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams has been developed by using a C2-symmetric ruthenocenyl phosphine-oxazoline as the chiral ligand. This method achieves the enantioselective synthesis of chiral β-substituted γ-lactams in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield with 99% ee). Mechanistic studies based on detailed control experiments and computational investigation revealed that the cationic Ru-complex acts as the active catalytic species; the protonation process of the oxa-π-allyl-Ru complex, which is formed by the migratory insertion of the C=C double bond to the Ru-H bond (the stereocontrolling step) followed by an isomerization process, is the rate-determining step, and the existence of PPh3 is crucial for the highly efficient catalytic behavior. The protocol provides a straightforward and practical pathway for the synthesis of key intermediates for several chiral drugs and bioactive compounds, particularly for the 150 kg-scale industrial production of Brivaracetam, an antiepileptic drug that shows 13-fold more potent binding to the synaptic vesicle protein 2A compared with the well-known Levetiracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 28 Jian'an Road, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yu
- Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 28 Jian'an Road, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 28 Jian'an Road, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Shen W, Nwosu G, Honer M, Clasadonte J, Schmalzbauer S, Biven M, Langer K, Flamm C, Poliquin S, Mermer F, Dedeurwaerdere S, Hernandez MC, Kang JQ. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter and GABA A receptor mechanisms in Slc6a1+/A288V and Slc6a1+/S295L mice associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae110. [PMID: 38650830 PMCID: PMC11032196 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized the molecular mechanisms for variants in γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1-encoding solute carrier family 6-member 1 (SLC6A1) in vitro and concluded that a partial or complete loss of γ-aminobutyric acid uptake due to impaired protein trafficking is the primary aetiology. Impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 function could cause compensatory changes in the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, which, in turn, modify disease pathophysiology and phenotype. Here we used different approaches including radioactive 3H γ-aminobutyric acid uptake in cells and synaptosomes, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy as well as brain slice surface protein biotinylation to characterize Slc6a1+/A288V and Slc6a1+/S295L mice, representative of a partial or a complete loss of function of SLC6A1 mutations, respectively. We employed the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1-specific inhibitor [3H]tiagabine binding and GABAA receptor subunit-specific radioligand binding to profile the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and GABAA receptor expression in major brain regions such as cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and thalamus. We also determined the total and surface expression of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1, γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 3 and expression of GABAA receptor in the major brain regions in the knockin mice. We found that γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 protein was markedly reduced in cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum in both mutant mouse lines. Consistent with the findings of reduced γ-aminobutyric acid uptake for both γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1(A288V) and γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1(S295L), both the total and the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1-mediated 3H γ-aminobutyric acid reuptake was reduced. We found that γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 3 is only abundantly expressed in the thalamus and there was no compensatory increase of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 3 in either of the mutant mouse lines. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 1 was reduced in both somatic regions and nonsomatic regions in both mouse models, in which a ring-like structure was identified only in the Slc6a1+/A288V mouse, suggesting more γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 retention inside endoplasmic reticulum in the Slc6a1+/A288V mouse. The [3H]tiagabine binding was similar in both mouse models despite the difference in γ-aminobutyric acid uptake function and γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 protein expression for both mutations. There were no differences in GABAA receptor subtype expression, except for a small increase in the expression of α5 subunits of GABAA receptor in the hippocampus of Slc6a1S295L homozygous mice, suggesting a potential interaction between the expression of this GABAA receptor subtype and the mutant γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1. The study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the SLC6A1 mutations in vivo in two representative mouse models. Because both γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and GABAA receptors are targets for anti-seizure medications, the findings from this study can help guide tailored treatment options based on the expression and function of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and GABAA receptor in SLC6A1 mutation-mediated neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gerald Nwosu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Clasadonte
- Early Solutions, Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine l’Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | - Svenja Schmalzbauer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Marshall Biven
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine Langer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carson Flamm
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah Poliquin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Felicia Mermer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Maria-Clemencia Hernandez
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center of Human Development, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Chen D, Song ZJ, Yan S, Li G, Wang JY, Zhang Y. Photoinduced radical tandem annulation of 1,7-diynes: an approach for divergent assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones. Front Chem 2024; 12:1371978. [PMID: 38595704 PMCID: PMC11002210 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1371978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The first photocatalytic trichloromethyl radical-triggered annulative reactions of amide-linked 1,7-diynes with polyhalomethanes were established for the flexible assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones with generally acceptable yields. With the installation of the aryl group (R1) into the alkynyl moiety, C-center radical-initiated Kharasch-type addition/nucleophilic substitution/elimination cascade to produce quinolin-2(1H)-ones-incorporating gem-dihaloalkene, whereas three examples of polyhalogenated quinolin-2(1H)-ones were afforded when amide-linked 1,7-diynes bearing two terminal alkyne units were subjected to BrCX3 by exploiting dry acetonitrile as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Palumbo L, Carinci M, Guarino A, Asth L, Zucchini S, Missiroli S, Rimessi A, Pinton P, Giorgi C. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Epileptic Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2825. [PMID: 37893198 PMCID: PMC10604217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a dynamic process of defense and protection against the harmful action of infectious agents or other detrimental stimuli in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the uncontrolled regulation of this physiological process is strongly associated with serious dysfunctional neuronal issues linked to the progression of CNS disorders. Moreover, it has been widely demonstrated that neuroinflammation is linked to epilepsy, one of the most prevalent and serious brain disorders worldwide. Indeed, NLRP3, one of the most well-studied inflammasomes, is involved in the generation of epileptic seizures, events that characterize this pathological condition. In this context, several pieces of evidence have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Based on an extensive review of the literature on the role of NLRP3-dependent inflammation in epilepsy, in this review we discuss our current understanding of the connection between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and progressive neurodegeneration in epilepsy. The goal of the review is to cover as many of the various known epilepsy models as possible, providing a broad overview of the current literature. Lastly, we also propose some of the present therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3, aiming to provide potential insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palumbo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Annunziata Guarino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Ballók R, Kis Varga Á, Erdélyi P, Fischer J. Phosphonate Derivatives of Paracetamol and Valproic Acid. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200526. [PMID: 36367256 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol and valproic acid are standalone drugs with leading position in the world drug market. The phosphonate analogues of these drugs were synthesized and were tested in vivo. N-(4-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)phosphonic acid was four times more potent than paracetamol in preventing acetic acid-induced writhing. Phosphonate derivative of valproic acid, (2-propylpentanoyl)phosphonic acid, had similar in vivo activity to valproic acid in the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ballók
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kis Varga
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Péter Erdélyi
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - János Fischer
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
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Delage C, Palayer M, Etain B, Hagenimana M, Blaise N, Smati J, Chouchana M, Bloch V, Besson VC. Valproate, divalproex, valpromide: Are the differences in indications justified? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114051. [PMID: 36521249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In many countries, valproate is indicated for epilepsy only, whereas its derivative divalproex (DVP) and valpromide (VPM) are indicated for bipolar disorders only. DVP is composed of sodium valproate and valproic acid (VA) in a 1:1 molar ratio and VPM is a prodrug completely hydrolyzed in the gastric tract to VA. Whatever the drug, the absorbed and active substance is the valproate ion. In this article, we reviewed the potential reasons that might justify these different indications. We performed a literature review of comparative studies of efficacy, pharmacokinetic parameters, side effects and costs for VPA, DVP, and VPM. We found only studies comparing VA with DVP. None of the eight efficacy studies found differences in epilepsy or mood disorders. The ten studies of side effects reported a difference in terms of gastrointestinal effects, but inconsistently. The United States (US) summary of product characteristics and kinetic comparison studies reported bioequivalence between DVP and VA, but a longer Tmax for DVP, likely due to its gastro-resistant galenic form. VPM summary of product characteristics and pharmacokinetic studies revealed a lower bioavailability (80% vs. 100% for VA) and a delayed Tmax. There is an additional cost for using DVP or VPM as compared to VA (respectively +177% and +77% in France). The differences in indications between valproate derivatives do not seem justified. Interchangeability between VA and DVP in bipolar disorders seems possible, at identical dosage. VPM would require a closer dosing schedule and a 20% reduction in dosage when switching to valproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Delage
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Maeva Palayer
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Département de Psychiatrie et Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Monique Hagenimana
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathan Blaise
- Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Julie Smati
- Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Margot Chouchana
- Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Bloch
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Valérie C Besson
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France
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Mensah JA, Johnson K, Reilly CA, Wilcox KS, Rower JE, Metcalf CS. Evaluating the efficacy of prototype antiseizure drugs using a preclinical pharmacokinetic approach. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2937-2948. [PMID: 36054499 PMCID: PMC9669179 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacokinetics (PK) of a drug drive its exposure, efficacy, and tolerability. A thorough preclinical PK assessment of antiseizure medications (ASMs) is therefore essential to evaluate the clinical potential. We tested protection against evoked seizures of prototype ASMs in conjunction with analysis of plasma and brain PK as a proof-of-principle study to enhance our understanding of drug efficacy and duration of action using rodent seizure models. METHODS In vivo seizure protection assays were performed in adult male CF-1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Clobazam (CLB), N-desmethyl CLB (NCLB), carbamazepine (CBZ), CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZE), sodium valproate (VPA), and levetiracetam (LEV) concentrations were quantified in plasma and brain using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of each analyte were calculated and used to determine PK parameters via noncompartmental analysis in Phoenix WinNonLin. RESULTS NCLB concentrations were approximately 10-fold greater than CLB in mice. The antiseizure profile of CLB was partially sustained by NCLB in mice. CLB concentrations were lower in rats than in mice. CBZE plasma exposures were approximately 70% of CBZ in both mice and rats, likely contributing to the antiseizure effect of CBZ. VPA showed a relatively short half-life in both mice and rats, which correlated with a sharp decline in efficacy. LEV had a prolonged brain and plasma half-life, associated with a prolonged duration of action in mice. SIGNIFICANCE The study demonstrates the utility of PK analyses for understanding the seizure protection time course in mice and rats. The data indicate that distinct PK profiles of ASMs between mice and rats likely drive differences in drug efficacy between rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristina Johnson
- Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
| | - Christopher A. Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen S. Wilcox
- Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joseph E. Rower
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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9
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Swinney DC. Why medicines work. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Kumar Singh S, Suresh M, Bahadur Singh R, Bandichhor R, Ghosh P. A solvent free tandem lactamization-decarboxylation route to (S)-Pregabalin lactam. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu J, Liu J, Chen G, Xiong B, Zhang X, Lian Z. Palladium-catalysed difluoroolefination of benzyl tosylates toward the synthesis of gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12983-12987. [PMID: 35497019 PMCID: PMC9049850 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have presented an efficient method to access gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives via palladium catalysis. This method features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and good product yields. Moreover, gram–scale reactions demonstrated the robustness and potential of this method. Control experiments revealed that the –CF3 group was essential to the success of this transformation. Finally, the practicality of this method was successfully proven by three synthetic applications. We presented an efficient method to access gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives via palladium catalysis, which features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gang Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhong Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China.,Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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12
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Zhang X, Li L, Zanoni G, Han X, Bi X. Direct gem-Difluoroalkenylation of X-H Bonds with Trifluoromethyl Ketone N-Triftosylhydrazones for Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Heteroatomic gem-Difluoroalkenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200280. [PMID: 35191565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct gem-difluoroalkenylation of X-H bonds represents the most straightforward approach to access heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes that, as the isostere of the carbonyl group, have great potency in drug discovery. However, the construction of tetrasubstituted heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes by this strategy is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report the first direct X-H bond gem-difluoroalkenylation of amines and alcohols with trifluoromethyl ketone N-triftosylhydrazones under silver (for (hetero)aryl hydrazones) or rhodium (for alkyl hydrazones), thereby providing a most powerful method for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes. This method features a broad substrate scope, high product yield, excellent functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity (open air conditions). Moreover, the site-specific replacement of the carbonyl group with a gem-difluorovinyl ether bioisostere in drug Trimebutine and the post-modification of bioactive molecules demonstrates potential use in medicinal research. Finally, the reaction mechanism was investigated by combining experiments and DFT calculations, and disclosed that the key step of HF elimination occurred via five-membered ring transition state, and the difference in the electrophilicity of Ag- and Rh-carbenes as well as the multiple intermolecular interactions rendered the effectiveness of Rh catalyst selectively for alkyl hydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xinyue Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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13
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Sang N, Jiang L, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Lin G, Li R, Zhang J. Bacteria-targeting liposomes for enhanced delivery of cinnamaldehyde and infection management. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121356. [PMID: 34919996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a global crisis. Therefore, novel antibiotics and novel anti-infection strategies are urgently needed. Current antibiotics remain unsatisfactory due to poor targeting efficiency and poor drug penetration through the bacterial cell wall. Thus, targeted delivery of antibiotics into gram-negative bacteria should be a promising approach. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria can release lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory response and septic shock, further increasing the disease burden. Hence, it is also promising to neutralize LPS while delivering antibiotics. This study aims to develop a multifunctional bacteria-targeting liposome that could enhance the delivery of antibiotics and adsorb LPS. METHODS A polymyxin B (PMB)-modified liposomal system (P-Lipo) was developed as novel carrier of cinnamaldehyde (CA) by using a thin-film evaporation method. Liposome morphology, size, zeta potential, stability, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release were systematically evaluated. The bacteria-targeting effect and LPS-neutralizing capacity of P-Lipo were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial effect of CA-loaded P-Lipo was assessed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Ultimately, the therapeutic effect of P-CA-Lipo was investigated in E. coli O157:H7-infected mice. RESULTS P-Lipo was successfully synthesized and encapsulated with CA, which was well characterized. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that P-Lipo could efficiently target the E. coli after modification with PMB. Compared with free CA, CA-Lipo, and P-Lipo, P-CA-Lipo exhibited a significantly enhanced inhibitory effect on E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Further analysis demonstrated that P-CA-Lipo improved the bacterial uptake of CA and enhanced its antibacterial effect. It was also confirmed that P-Lipo could neutralize the LPS to avoid the inflammatory responses and inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines in both macrophages and mice. Finally, P-CA-Lipo inhibited E. coli-induced skin damage and death in mice and showed good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION The P-Lipo could target E. coli by binding with LPS and enhancing the delivery and internalization of CA. In addition, P-Lipo could adsorb free LPS synergistically, thus promoting the infection management. We believe that this strategy can provide innovative insights into antibacterial agent delivery for the treatment of persistent and severe bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixian Jiang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiange Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Keshavarzi A, Sharifi A, Jahangard L, Soltanian A, Brühl AB, Ahmadpanah M, Brand S. Levetiracetam as an Adjunctive Treatment for Mania: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:192-203. [PMID: 34979513 PMCID: PMC9227682 DOI: 10.1159/000520457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant with a low side effect profile and favorable properties for individuals with bipolar I disorder during their manic phase. Despite initial promising results until about 2008, it appears that this track of research has not been followed-up. To counter this, we tested the influence of adjuvant levetiracetam on acute mania, compared to placebo. More specifically, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among inpatients with bipolar disorder I during their acute phase of mania. METHODS A total of 72 inpatients (mean age: 33.98 years; 23.6% females) with diagnosed bipolar disorder I and during their acute manic phase were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant levetiracetam (250 mg to a maximum of 1,500 mg) or to the placebo condition. Standard medication was lithium at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and subjective sleep. Subjective sleep was re-assessed 24 days later at the end of the study. Experts rated participants' acute state of mania with the Young Mania Rating Scale at baseline and at day 12 and day 24. Participants' cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at day 24 at the end of the study. RESULTS Over time, mania scores significantly decreased (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (medium effect size). Likewise, over time, subjective sleep improved (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (large effect size). Over time, cognitive performance improved (large effect size), irrespective of the study condition. CONCLUSIONS Compared to placebo, adjuvant levetiracetam to lithium improved symptoms of mania, as rated by experts, and subjective sleep quality. Adjuvant levetiracetam had no further favorable (or detrimental) impact on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Keshavarzi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aziz Sharifi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangard
- Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Wang X, Chen Y, Liang P, Chen JQ, Wu J. Synthesis of γ-amino acids via photocatalyzed intermolecular carboimination of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a direct approach to achieve the energy transfer-driven carboimination of alkenes for the synthesis of a diverse collection of valuable γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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16
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Pal R, Singh K, Khan SA, Chawla P, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Reactive metabolites of the anticonvulsant drugs and approaches to minimize the adverse drug reaction. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113890. [PMID: 34628237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several generations of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available in the market for the treatment of seizures, but these are amalgamated with acute to chronic side effects. The most common side effects of AEDs are dose-related, but some are idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that transpire due to the formation of reactive metabolite (RM) after the bioactivation process. Because of the adverse reactions patients usually discontinue the medication in between the treatment. The AEDs such as valproic acid, lamotrigine, phenytoin etc., can be categorized under such types because they form the RM which may prevail with life-threatening adverse effects or immune-mediated reactions. Hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, cutaneous hypersensitivity, dizziness, addiction, serum sickness reaction, renal calculi, metabolic acidosis are associated with the metabolites of drugs such as arene oxide, N-desmethyldiazepam, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylsuccinimide, 2-(sulphamoy1acetyl)-phenol, E-2-en-VPA and 4-en-VPA and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, etc. The major toxicities are associated with the moieties that are either capable of forming RM or the functional groups may itself be too reactive prior to the metabolism. These functional groups or fragment structures are typically known as structural alerts or toxicophores. Therefore, minimizing the bioactivation potential of lead structures in the early phases of drug discovery by a modification to low-risk drug molecules is a priority for the pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, excellent potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviour help in ensuring that appropriate (low dose) candidate drugs progress into the development phase. The current review discusses about RMs in the anticonvulsant drugs along with their mechanism vis-a-vis research efforts that have been taken to minimize the toxic effects of AEDs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman.
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17
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Wang C, Li Q, Wang S, Zhu G, Zhu A, Li L. Copper-catalyzed in situ oxidative-coupling for one-pot synthesis of 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38108-38114. [PMID: 35498067 PMCID: PMC9043963 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new reaction system with CuCl as catalyst, TEA as base and O2/chloramine-T as oxidant was developed for one-pot in situ oxidative-coupling to synthesize 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in this paper. A variety of 5-arylated-1,2,3-triazole compounds could be efficiently prepared directly from the readily accessible organic azides, terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids. Advantages of the method include use of low-cost catalyst, clean oxidant, less-toxic additive, and low reaction temperature. Importantly, due to avoiding harsh strong basic reagents and high temperatures, the presented method can offer mild conditions for multi-component synthesis of 5-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles from the designed structurally complicated alkynyl or azide donors bearing natural product motifs and sensitive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Gongming Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Anlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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18
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Sanad MH, Eyssa HM, Marzook FA, Farag AB, Rizvi SFA, Mandal SK, Patnaik SS, Fouzy ASM, Bassem SA, Verpoort F. Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of 99mTc Nitrido-Levetiracetam as a Brain Imaging Agent. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106636222105012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Ji Z, Yin L, Li Y, Yang X, Lin L, Liu L, Jiang Y, Huang J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4255-4263. [PMID: 34648229 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is primarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal and generalized seizures. This study describes the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a short reversed-phase column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) using isocratic elution with 25% 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and 75% methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The linear range is 0.5-50 μg/mL (R2 > 0.99). All the validation data, such as lower limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, recoveries, matrix effects, and other parameters, fit the request of biological method validation guidance. Passing-Bablok regression coefficients demonstrated that there is no constant bias and no proportional bias between the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods with triple-stage fragmentation and liquid multiple reaction monitoring. Bland-Altman plot showed that the developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation method is reliable and accurate to determine levetiracetam in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Traditonal Chinese Medicine Department, Heilongjiang Institute for Drug Control, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Breast Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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20
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Pal R, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ, Chawla PA. Voltage gated sodium channel inhibitors as anticonvulsant drugs: A systematic review on recent developments and structure activity relationship studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105230. [PMID: 34416507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are one of the vital targets for the management of several central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy, chronic pain, psychiatric disorders, and spasticity. The voltage-gated sodium channels play a key role in controlling cellular excitability. This reduction in excitotoxicity is also applied to improve the symptoms of epileptic conditions. The effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs as sodium channel depends upon the reversible blocking of the spontaneous discharge without blocking its propagation. There are number of antiepileptic drug(s) which are in pipeline to flour the market to conquer abnormal neuronal excitability. They inhibit the seizures through the inhibition of complex voltage- and frequency-dependent ionic currents through sodium channels. Over the past decade, the sodium channel is one of the most explored targets to control or treat the seizure, but there has not been any game-changing discovery yet. Although there are large numbers of drugs approved for the treatment of epilepsy, however they are associated with several acute to chronic side effects. Many research groups have tirelessly worked for better therapeutic medication on this popular target to treat epileptic seizures. The review quotes briefly the developments of the approved examples of sodium channel blockers as anticonvulsant drugs. Medicinal chemists have tried the design and development of some more potent anticonvulsant drugs to minimize the toxicity that are discussed here, and an emphasis is given for their possible mechanism and the structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO620, PC 130 Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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21
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Sietmann J, Ong M, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Wahl JM. Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclobutanones via Nitrogen Insertion: A Concise Route to Chiral γ-Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9719-9723. [PMID: 33538070 PMCID: PMC8252468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric access to γ-lactams is achieved via a cyclobutanone ring expansion using widely available (1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol for chiral induction. Mechanistic analysis of the key N,O-ketal rearrangement reveals a Curtin-Hammett scenario, which enables a downstream stereoinduction (up to 88:12 dr) and is corroborated by spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational studies. In combination with an easy deprotection protocol, this operationally simple sequence allows the synthesis of a range of optically pure γ-lactams, including those bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. In addition, the formal synthesis of drug molecules baclofen, brivaracetam, and pregabalin further demonstrates the synthetic utility and highlights the general applicability of the presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sietmann
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Mike Ong
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | | | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Johannes M. Wahl
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
- Department ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-UniversitätDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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22
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Sietmann J, Ong M, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Wahl JM. Desymmetrisierung von prochiralen Cyclobutanonen via Stickstoffinsertion: Ein einfacher Zugang zu chiralen γ‐Lactamen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sietmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Mike Ong
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Johannes M. Wahl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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23
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Nayak SG, Poojary B, Kamat V, Puthran D. Novel thiazolidin‐4‐one clubbed thiophene derivatives via Gewald synthesis as anti‐tubercular and anti‐inflammatory agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
| | - Vinuta Kamat
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
| | - Divyaraj Puthran
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
- Solara Active Pharma Sciences, Ltd. New Mangalore Karnataka India
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Mondal T, Sullivan K, Divakaramenon S, Hamilton RM. Antiepileptic rufinamide and QTc interval shortening in a patient with long QT syndrome: case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2020; 4:1-4. [PMID: 33442618 PMCID: PMC7793134 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited pharmacologic therapy to reduce the QT interval in hereditary long QT syndrome (LQTS). Case summary We describe a child with Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut epileptic syndrome (LGS), and LQTS Type 1 (LQTS1). Rufinamide was added to his antiepileptic medications to improve seizure control and was noted to be associated with a marked improvement in electrocardiogram QT interval. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful pharmacologic shortening of the QT interval in LQTS1. Discussion This case report highlights the potential benefits of rufinamide, a drug associated with mild QT shortening in normal individuals, to markedly reduce and normalize QT duration in a subject with LQTS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mondal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, 3A 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristen Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, 4V33 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Syam Divakaramenon
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, McMaster University, HHSC, Hamilton General Hospital Site, 502, McMaster Clinic, 237 Barton St. E., Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Robert M Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 1725D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Gongora M, Nicoliche E, Magalhães J, Vicente R, Teixeira S, Bastos VH, Bittencourt J, Cagy M, Basile LF, Budde H, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Event-related potential (P300): the effects of levetiracetam in cognitive performance. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2309-2316. [PMID: 33037974 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study is a reanalysis in the time domain of EEG data collection in healthy adults during an oddball paradigm using levetiracetam (LEV) vs. placebo acute administration. Specifically, the event-related potential (ERP) technique provides a tool for exploring the EEG responses to a specific event/stimulus. One of the ERP components widely studied is the P300 component, which is associated with the last stage of information processing and a general measurement of "cognitive efficiency." METHODS The sample was composed of thirteen healthy right-handed individuals randomized to participate under two conditions: LEV and placebo. Electrophysiological measures were collected before and after drug intake. We explored the oddball paradigm, which is commonly used with healthy individuals to investigate the stages of information processing. RESULTS The electrophysiological results showed a main effect of condition on P300 amplitude for the frontal (F3, Fz, F4), central (C3, Cz, C4), and parietal electrodes (P3, Pz, P4). The post hoc comparisons (Scheffé's test) demonstrated the significant differences between electrodes. Regarding P300 latency, all regions represented a main effect of condition. A P300 latency reduction was observed during LEV condition compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Our study observed the ERP component-P300-through the variation of its amplitude and latency to evaluate a supposed higher CNS efficiency when participants were under the LEV effect. Our findings sustain this premise, mainly due to reducing in P300 latency for the LEV condition, supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Julio Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Vicente
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical therapy - Veiga de Almeida University of Rio de Janeiro (UVA/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis F Basile
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
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Salehi B, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, Karazhan N, Shukla I, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Sawicka B, Głowacka A, Abu-Darwish MS, Hussein Tarawneh A, Gadetskaya AV, Cabral C, Salgueiro L, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Docea AO, Abdolshahi A, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Ficus plants: State of the art from a phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1187-1217. [PMID: 33025667 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ficus genus is typically tropical plants and is among the earliest fruit trees cultivated by humans. Ficus carica L. is the common fig, Ficus benjamina L. is the weeping fig, and Ficus pumila L. is the creeping fig. These species are commonly used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases and contain rich secondary metabolites that have shown diverse applications. This comprehensive review describes for Ficus genus the phytochemical compounds, traditional uses and contemporary pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. An extended survey of the current literature (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed) has been carried out as part of the current work. The trends in the phytochemistry, pharmacological mechanisms and activities of Ficus genus are overviewed in this manuscript: antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antiseizure and anti-Parkinson's diseases, cytotoxic and antioxidant. Health-promoting effects, recent human clinical studies, safety and adverse effects of Ficus plants also are covered. The medical potential and long-term pharmacotherapeutic use of the genus Ficus along with no serious reported adverse events, suggests that it can be considered as being safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Ila Shukla
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan.,Departments of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Amer Hussein Tarawneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan
| | - Anastassiya V Gadetskaya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Abstract
There is a great need for innovative new medicines to treat unmet medical needs. The discovery and development of innovative new medicines is extremely difficult, costly, and inefficient. In the last decade, phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) was reintroduced as a strategy to provide first-in-class medicines. PDD uses empirical, target-agnostic lead generation to identify pharmacologically active molecules and novel therapeutics which work through unprecedented drug mechanisms. The economic and scientific value of PDD is exemplified through game-changing medicines for hepatitis C virus, spinal muscular atrophy, and cystic fibrosis. In this short review, recent advances are noted for the implementation and de-risking of PDD (for compound library selection, biomarker development, mechanism identification, and safety studies) and the potential for artificial intelligence. A significant barrier in the decision to implement PDD is balancing the potential impact of a novel mechanism of drug action with an under-defined scientific path forward, with the desire to provide infrastructure and metrics to optimize return on investment, which a known mechanism provides. A means to address this knowledge gap in the future is to empower precompetitive research utilizing the empirical concepts of PDD to identify new mechanisms and pharmacologically active compounds.
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Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Corneal Kindling Mouse Model. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim/objective: Corneal kindling mouse test is a model of decreasing the seizure threshold after repetitive subchronical electrical stimuli. Ketogenic diet (KD) is used for the treatment of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy since more than 100 years. Surprisingly, very few studies testing the effect of the KD in corneal kindling test were published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the KD on the seizure activity in corneal kindling mouse model.
Methods: 50 adult male ICR mice (25-35 g) were randomly distributed in four groups, as follows: group 1 – standard diet (SD) treated controls (n = 10); group 2 – KD treated (n = 10), group 3 – kindled mice on SD treatment (n = 15); group 4 – kindled mice on KD treatment (n = 15). The diet was started at day one, one week before the start of the kindling and it continued for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, kindled mice were challenged with 6-Hz test and their behavior was assessed.
Results: In kindled mice on SD the seizure latency time significantly decreased at days 14, 21 and 28. Mice on KD displayed relatively constant seizure latency during the experiment. At day 28 the duration of provoked seizures was statistically higher as compared with mice on KD (median values 101 vs 2 sec, p < 0.05). Blood ketone levels were statistically higher (p < 0.05), and blood glucose level was statistically lower (p < 0.05) in the KD treated group, as compared with SD treated mice.
Conclusion: KD effectively suppressed the seizure activity in corneal kindling test. Further studies are needed for elucidating the molecular mechanisms which can explain this effect.
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Xiong J, Zhou H, Lu D, Wang Z, Liu H, Sun Y, Xu J, Feng Y, Xing A. Levetiracetam Reduces Early Inflammatory Response After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922741. [PMID: 32289810 PMCID: PMC7174898 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug that promotes recovery of neurological function by alleviating inflammatory reactions. However, it is not known whether it can improve secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to determine whether LEV can reduce early inflammatory response after ICH in rats. Material/Methods An in vitro model of early inflammation was created by treating microglia cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After exposure to various concentrations of LEV, the expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in microglia were detected. In vivo, autologous blood was used to induce the rat ICH model. The effects of LEV on post-cerebral hemorrhagic inflammatory response were examined using neurobehavioral tests, FJC staining, brain water content testing, and analysis of protein expression levels of NF-κB, JAK2, STAT3, and inflammatory factors. Results LEV treatment significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and protein expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 in LPS-treated microglia cells (P<0.05). In male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, LEV treatment markedly decreased the volume of hematoma and the number of degenerative neurons (P<0.05). It also improved the neurological function and relieved brain edema. The protein expression levels of NF-κB, JAK2, and STAT3 were significantly lower in the ICH+LEV group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Our study suggests that treatment with LEV alleviates early inflammatory responses induced by ICH. Mechanistically, LEV inhibited the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced neuronal injury around the hematoma, and ameliorated brain edema, all of which promoted recovery of nerve function after hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Donglin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - HengJian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinxiang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yugong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ang Xing
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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30
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Yang Z, Möller M, Koenigs RM. Synthesis of gem-Difluoro Olefins through C-H Functionalization and β-fluoride Elimination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5572-5576. [PMID: 31885145 PMCID: PMC7155031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed C-H functionalization and consecutive β-fluoride elimination reaction between indole heterocycles and fluorinated diazoalkanes is reported. This approach provides for the first time a facile method for the rapid synthesis of gem-difluoro olefins using fluorinated diazoalkanes under mild reaction conditions. Cyclopropanation products were obtained when N-arylated rather than N-alkylated indoles were applied in this reaction. Mechanistic studies reveal the importance of the β-fluoride elimination step in this transformation. This method presents a new concept for the simple and direct transfer of a 1-aryl-(2,2-difluorovinyl) group to access gem-difluoro olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Mieke Möller
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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31
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Synthese von
gem
‐Difluorolefinen durch C‐H‐Funktionalisierung und β‐Fluorideliminierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wakeel OK, Awosan OB, Kolawole OT, Ayankunle AA, Onaolapo OJ, Adeyeba OA. Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Methanol Extract of Pyrenancantha staudtii in Mice. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:144-154. [PMID: 32072918 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200211113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the potential effect of Pyrenancantha staudtii extract on experimentally induced seizures in mice and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines, naloxone, and serotonin within these pathways. METHODS Animal behaviours were evaluated using open field, hexobarbitone-induced sleep model, and anticonvulsant activity using picrotoxin-, or strychnine-, or isoniazid-induced convulsions. Attempt to understand the mode of action of the anticonvulsant activity of the plant, three notable antagonists (flumazenil, 3 mg/kg; naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., and cyproheptadine, 4 mg/kg, i.p) were used. RESULTS The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the frequency of rearing and grooming episodes compared with the control. The extract of P. staudtii potentiates the sleeping time of hexobarbitone-induced hypnosis in a dose-related manner. P. staudtii stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the onset of a seizure and attenuated the duration of seizure in a dose-dependent manner in picrotoxin- and or isoniazid-induced seizures. While, P. staudtii stem bark extract at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) though significantly prolonged the onset of action, but did not confer any significant changes on the duration, as well as mortality in this strychnine-induced seizure model. However, the anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of P. staudtii was significantly reversed following intraperitoneal pre-treatment with flumazenil (GABA receptor antagonist) and naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) but not cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion. CONCLUSION The data obtained suggest that methanol extract of P. staudtii possessed significant anticonvulsant effect, thereby confirming the traditional uses of P. staudtii in the treatment of epilepsy; mechanisms of which could involve the interaction with GABAergic and or opioidergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi K Wakeel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Osogbo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oluropo B Awosan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Osogbo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oyetunji T Kolawole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Osogbo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Akeem A Ayankunle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Osogbo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Olukunle J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Osogbo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi A Adeyeba
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Armas-Capote N, Maglio LE, Pérez-Atencio L, Martin-Batista E, Reboreda A, Barios JA, Hernandez G, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Lamas JA, Barrio LC, Giraldez T. SGK1.1 Reduces Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Severity and Leads to Rapid Termination of Seizures. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:3184-3197. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Approaches to control epilepsy, one of the most important idiopathic brain disorders, are of great importance for public health. We have previously shown that in sympathetic neurons the neuronal isoform of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1.1) increases the M-current, a well-known target for seizure control. The effect of SGK1.1 activation on kainate-induced seizures and neuronal excitability was studied in transgenic mice that express a permanently active form of the kinase, using electroencephalogram recordings and electrophysiological measurements in hippocampal brain slices. Our results demonstrate that SGK1.1 activation leads to reduced seizure severity and lower mortality rates following status epilepticus, in an M-current–dependent manner. EEG is characterized by reduced number, shorter duration, and early termination of kainate-induced seizures in the hippocampus and cortex. Hippocampal neurons show decreased excitability associated to increased M-current, without altering basal synaptic transmission or other neuronal properties. Altogether, our results reveal a novel and selective anticonvulsant pathway that promptly terminates seizures, suggesting that SGK1.1 activation can be a potent factor to secure the brain against permanent neuronal damage associated to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Armas-Capote
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
| | - Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
| | - Leonel Pérez-Atencio
- Unidad de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034 Spain
| | - Elva Martin-Batista
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
| | - Antonio Reboreda
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology-CINBIO-IBIV, University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310 Spain
| | - Juan A Barios
- Systems Engineering and Automation Department, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, 03202 Spain
| | - Guadalberto Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology-CINBIO-IBIV, University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310 Spain
| | - Luis C Barrio
- Unidad de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034 Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas-Fisiologia and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomedicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071 Spain
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Abram M, Jakubiec M, Kamiński K. Chirality as an Important Factor for the Development of New Antiepileptic Drugs. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1744-1761. [PMID: 31476107 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, chiral molecules (especially enantiomers) have occupied a significant place in pharmaceutical industry and have played a prominent role in the development of new drugs. Individual stereoisomers exhibit marked differences in pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. Therefore, there is currently considerable interest in fully characterizing and examining both enantiomers in the early stages of new drug development. Despite the fact that epilepsy is a complex disease and that a given drug's mechanism of action may be multidirectional and not always fully understood, significant differences have been observed in the anticonvulsant activity of individual stereoisomers. Therefore, between 1996 and 2018, among 14 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) approved for the treatment of epilepsy, as many as seven are chiral and introduced to the market in the single-enantiomer (or diastereomer) form. This review provides an overview of the impact of chirality on the development and discovery of new AEDs that have entered into clinical trials or preclinical studies. These new AEDs were developed by applying the single-enantiomer approval strategy. Herein we focus our attention on the main synthetic pathways of stereoisomers, as well as on the influence of chirality on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and/or toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Abram
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Kwon JY, Jeon MT, Jung UJ, Kim DW, Moon GJ, Kim SR. Perspective: Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids as Alternative Medicines in Epilepsy. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:778-790. [PMID: 31111873 PMCID: PMC6743823 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects many people worldwide. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common and most studied type of epilepsy, but the pathological mechanisms underlying this condition are poorly understood. More than 20 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been developed and used for the treatment of epilepsy; however, 30% of patients still experience uncontrolled epilepsy and associated comorbidities, which impair their quality of life. In addition, various side effects have been reported for AEDs, such as drowsiness, unsteadiness, dizziness, blurred or double vision, tremor (shakiness), greater risk of infections, bruising, and bleeding. Thus, critical medical needs remain unmet for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. Flavonoids belong to a subclass of polyphenols that are widely present in fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages. Recently, many studies have reported that some flavonoids elicit various beneficial effects in patients with epilepsy without causing the side effects associated with conventional medical therapies. Moreover, flavonoids may have a property of regulating microRNA expression associated with inflammation and cell survival. These findings suggest that flavonoids, which are more effective but impose fewer adverse effects than conventional AEDs, could be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science,Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to GJM (e-mail: )
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to SRK (e-mail: )
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Acar MF, Sari S, Dalkara S. Synthesis, in vivo anticonvulsant testing, and molecular modeling studies of new nafimidone derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:606-616. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa F. Acar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
- Server Gazi PharmacyMerkez Efendi Denizli Turkey
| | - Suat Sari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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Jayakar SS, Zhou X, Chiara DC, Jarava-Barrera C, Savechenkov PY, Bruzik KS, Tortosa M, Miller KW, Cohen JB. Identifying Drugs that Bind Selectively to Intersubunit General Anesthetic Sites in the α1 β3 γ2 GABA AR Transmembrane Domain. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:615-628. [PMID: 30952799 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are targets for important classes of clinical agents (e.g., anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and general anesthetics) that act as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Previously, using photoreactive analogs of etomidate ([3H]azietomidate) and mephobarbital [[3H]1-methyl-5-allyl-5-(m-trifluoromethyl-diazirynylphenyl)barbituric acid ([3H]R-mTFD-MPAB)], we identified two homologous but pharmacologically distinct classes of general anesthetic binding sites in the α1β3γ2 GABAAR transmembrane domain at β +-α - (β + sites) and α +-β -/γ +-β - (β - sites) subunit interfaces. We now use competition photolabeling with [3H]azietomidate and [3H]R-mTFD-MPAB to identify para-substituted propofol analogs and other drugs that bind selectively to intersubunit anesthetic sites. Propofol and 4-chloro-propofol bind with 5-fold selectivity to β +, while derivatives with bulkier lipophilic substitutions [4-(tert-butyl)-propofol and 4-(hydroxyl(phenyl)methyl)-propofol] bind with ∼10-fold higher affinity to β - sites. Similar to R-mTFD-MPAB and propofol, these drugs bind in the presence of GABA with similar affinity to the α +-β - and γ +-β - sites. However, we discovered four compounds that bind with different affinities to the two β - interface sites. Two of these bind with higher affinity to one of the β - sites than to the β + sites. We deduce that 4-benzoyl-propofol binds with >100-fold higher affinity to the γ +-β - site than to the α +-β - or β +-α - sites, whereas loreclezole, an anticonvulsant, binds with 5- and 100-fold higher affinity to the α +-β - site than to the β + and γ +-β - sites. These studies provide a first identification of PAMs that bind selectively to a single intersubunit site in the GABAAR transmembrane domain, a property that may facilitate the development of subtype selective GABAAR PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn S Jayakar
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - David C Chiara
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Carlos Jarava-Barrera
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Pavel Y Savechenkov
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Karol S Bruzik
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Keith W Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
| | - Jonathan B Cohen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.J., D.C.C., J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (X.Z., K.W.M.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.Y.S., K.S.B.); and the Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (C.J.-B., M.T.)
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Zhang Z, Qiu W, Gong H, Li G, Jiang Q, Liang P, Zheng H, Zhang P. Low-intensity ultrasound suppresses low-Mg2+-induced epileptiform discharges in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036006. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0b9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Łuszczki JJ, Marzeda P, Gut-Lepiech A, Kondrat-Wróbel MW, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Karwan S, Plech T. New derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (TP427) potentiates the anticonvulsant action of valproate, but not that of carbamazepine, phenytoin or phenobarbital in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:299-305. [PMID: 30826570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effects of 5-(3-chlorobenzyl)-4-hexyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (TP427) on the protective anticonvulsant action of four classical antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate) in the tonic-clonic seizure model in mice, an isobolographic transformation of data was used. METHODS Electrically-induced tonic-clonic seizures were experimentally evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice. The anticonvulsant effects of TP427, when used singly, were determined by the calculation of the threshold increasing the dose by 20% (TID20 value). The influence of TP427 on the anticonvulsant potency of four various classical antiepileptic drugs was determined with a subthreshold method. Types of interactions between drugs were determined using the isobolographic transformation of data. Additionally, total brain antiepileptic drug concentrations were measured. RESULTS TP427, when administered separately, significantly increased the threshold for electroconvulsions. The experimentally determined TID20 value for TP427 was 11.71 mg/kg. Moreover, TP427 (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the anticonvulsant activity of valproate (p < 0.01), but not that of carbamazepine, phenobarbital or phenytoin in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Isobolographic transformation of data confirmed that the interaction between TP427 and valproate was synergistic. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that TP427 increased total brain valproate concentrations, and had no impact on total brain concentrations of carbamazepine, phenobarbital or phenytoin in mice. CONCLUSION The synergistic interaction between TP427 and valproate in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model might occur favorable for epilepsy patients in future. The combinations of TP427 with carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin were additive in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model and also deserves clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland; Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Marzeda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
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Mechanisms Underlying Aggressive Behavior Induced by Antiepileptic Drugs: Focus on Topiramate, Levetiracetam, and Perampanel. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:2064027. [PMID: 30581496 PMCID: PMC6276511 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2064027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective against seizures, but their use is often limited by adverse effects, among them psychiatric and behavioral ones including aggressive behavior (AB). Knowledge of the incidence, risk factors, and the underlying mechanisms of AB induced by AEDs may help to facilitate management and reduce the risk of such side effects. The exact incidence of AB as an adverse effect of AEDs is difficult to estimate, but frequencies up to 16% have been reported. Primarily, levetiracetam (LEV), perampanel (PER), and topiramate (TPM), which have diverse mechanisms of action, have been associated with AB. Currently, there is no evidence for a specific pharmacological mechanism solely explaining the increased incidence of AB with LEV, PER, and TPM. Serotonin (5-HT) and GABA, and particularly glutamate (via the AMPA receptor), seem to play key roles. Other mechanisms involve hormones, epigenetics, and “alternative psychosis” and related phenomena. Increased individual susceptibility due to an underlying neurological and/or a mental health disorder may further explain why people with epilepsy are at an increased risk of AB when using AEDs. Remarkably, AB may occur with a delay of weeks or months after start of treatment. Information to patients, relatives, and caregivers, as well as sufficient clinical follow-up, is crucial, and there is a need for further research to understand the complex relationship between AED mechanisms of action and the induction/worsening of AB.
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Synthesis of 2,2-diaryl-1,1-difluoroethenes via Pd-catalyzed dehydrosulfonylative cross-coupling of α-[difluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]benzyl tosylates with arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khattab MI, Kamel ESM, Abbas NAT, Kaoud A. Diclofenac Influence on the Anticonvulsant Effect of Retigabine: The Potential Role of KCNQ Channels. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.11131/2018/101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monira I. Khattab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - El Sayed M. Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Noha A. T. Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Amira Kaoud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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Lang Q, Gu G, Cheng Y, Yin Q, Zhang X. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral γ-Lactams by Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoti Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China
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Keri RS, Pandule SS, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Quinoxaline and quinoxaline-1,4-di-N
-oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700325. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | | | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | - Bhari M. Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
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A novel action of lacosamide on GABA A currents sets the ground for a synergic interaction with levetiracetam in treatment of epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:59-68. [PMID: 29621596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases, and its pharmacological treatment holds great importance for both physicians and national authorities, especially considering the high proportion of drug-resistant patients (about 30%). Lacosamide (LCM) is an effective and well-tolerated new-generation antiepileptic drug (AED), currently licensed as add-on therapy for partial-onset seizures. However, LCM mechanism of action is still a matter of debate, although its effect on the voltage sensitive sodium channels is by far the most recognized. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze a cohort of 157 drug-resistant patients treated with LCM to describe the most common and effective therapeutic combinations and to investigate if the LCM can affect also GABAA-mediated neurotransmission as previously shown for levetiracetam (LEV). In our cohort, LEV resulted the compound most frequently associated with LCM in the responder subgroup. We therefore translated this clinical observation into the laboratory bench by taking advantage of the technique of "membrane micro-transplantation" in Xenopus oocytes and electrophysiological approaches to study human GABAA-evoked currents. In cortical brain tissues from refractory epileptic patients, we found that LCM reduces the use-dependent GABA impairment (i.e., "rundown") that it is considered one of the specific hallmarks of drug-resistant epilepsies. Notably, in line with our clinical observations, we found that the co-treatment with subthreshold concentrations of LCM and LEV, which had no effect on GABAA currents on their own, reduced GABA impairment in drug-resistant epileptic patients, and this effect was blocked by PKC inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that LCM targets GABAA receptors and that it can act synergistically with LEV, improving the GABAergic function. This novel mechanism might contribute to explain the clinical efficacy of LCM-LEV combination in several refractory epileptic patients.
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Vizuete AFK, Hansen F, Negri E, Leite MC, de Oliveira DL, Gonçalves CA. Effects of dexamethasone on the Li-pilocarpine model of epilepsy: protection against hippocampal inflammation and astrogliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:68. [PMID: 29506554 PMCID: PMC5839012 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of partial epilepsy and is accompanied, in one third of cases, by resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AED). Most AED target neuronal activity modulated by ionic channels, and the steroid sensitivity of these channels has supported the use of corticosteroids as adjunctives to AED. Assuming the importance of astrocytes in neuronal activity, we investigated inflammatory and astroglial markers in the hippocampus, a key structure affected in TLE and in the Li-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Methods Initially, hippocampal slices were obtained from sham rats and rats subjected to the Li-pilocarpine model of epilepsy, at 1, 14, and 56 days after status epilepticus (SE), which correspond to the acute, silent, and chronic phases. Dexamethasone was added to the incubation medium to evaluate the secretion of S100B, an astrocyte-derived protein widely used as a marker of brain injury. In the second set of experiments, we evaluated the in vivo effect of dexamethasone, administrated at 2 days after SE, on hippocampal inflammatory (COX-1/2, PGE2, and cytokines) and astroglial parameters: GFAP, S100B, glutamine synthetase (GS) and water (AQP-4), and K+ (Kir 4.1) channels. Results Basal S100B secretion and S100B secretion in high-K+ medium did not differ at 1, 14, and 56 days for the hippocampal slices from epileptic rats, in contrast to sham animal slices, where high-K+ medium decreased S100B secretion. Dexamethasone addition to the incubation medium per se induced a decrease in S100B secretion in sham and epileptic rats (1 and 56 days after SE induction). Following in vivo dexamethasone administration, inflammatory improvements were observed, astrogliosis was prevented (based on GFAP and S100B content), and astroglial dysfunction was partially abrogated (based on Kir 4.1 protein and GSH content). The GS decrease was not prevented by dexamethasone, and AQP-4 was not altered in this epileptic model. Conclusions Changes in astroglial parameters emphasize the importance of these cells for understanding alterations and mechanisms of epileptic disorders in this model. In vivo dexamethasone administration prevented most of the parameters analyzed, reinforcing the importance of anti-inflammatory steroid therapy in the Li-pilocarpine model and possibly in other epileptic conditions in which neuroinflammation is present. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1109-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Elisa Negri
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Metcalf CS, Klein BD, Smith MD, Ceusters M, Lavreysen H, Pype S, Van Osselaer N, Twyman R, White HS. Potent and selective pharmacodynamic synergy between the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2-positive allosteric modulator JNJ-46356479 and levetiracetam in the mouse 6-Hz (44-mA) model. Epilepsia 2018; 59:724-735. [PMID: 29360159 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 (mGlu2 ) receptors have potential synergistic interactions with the antiseizure drug levetiracetam (LEV). The present study utilizes isobolographic analysis to evaluate the combined administration of JNJ-46356479, a selective and potent mGlu2 PAM, with LEV as well as sodium valproate (VPA) and lamotrigine (LTG). METHODS The anticonvulsant efficacy of JNJ-46356479 was evaluated in the 6-Hz model of psychomotor seizures in mice. JNJ-46356479 was administered in combination with LEV using 3 fixed dose-ratio treatment groups in the mouse 6-Hz (44-mA) seizure test. The combination of JNJ-46356479 with LEV was also evaluated in the mouse corneal kindling model. The potential interactions of JNJ-46356479 with the antiseizure drugs VPA and LTG were also evaluated using fixed dose-ratio combinations. Plasma levels were obtained for analysis of potential pharmacokinetic interactions for each combination studied in the mouse 6-Hz model. RESULTS JNJ-46356479 was active in the 6-Hz model at both 32-mA and 44-mA stimulus intensities (median effective dose = 2.8 and 10.2 mg/kg, respectively). Using 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 fixed dose-ratio combinations (LEV:JNJ-46356479), coadministration was significantly more potent than predicted for additive effects, and plasma levels suggest this synergism was not due to pharmacokinetic interactions. Studies in kindled mice further demonstrate the positive pharmacodynamic interaction of LEV with JNJ-46356479. Using 1:1 dose-ratio combinations of JNJ-46356479 with either VPA or LTG, there were no significant differences observed for coadministration. SIGNIFICANCE These studies demonstrate a synergistic interaction of JNJ-46356479 with LEV, whereas no such effect occurred for JNJ-46356479 with either VPA or LTG. The synergy seems therefore to be specific to LEV, and the combination LEV/mGlu2 PAM has the potential to result in a rational polypharmacy approach to treat patients with refractory epilepsy, once it has been confirmed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S Metcalf
- NeuroAdjuvants, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian D Klein
- NeuroAdjuvants, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Misty D Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Van Osselaer
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium.,UCB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roy Twyman
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, FL, USA
| | - H Steve White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ammar HO, Ghorab MM, Mahmoud AA, Higazy IM. Lamotrigine loaded poly-ɛ-(d,l-lactide-co-caprolactone) nanoparticles as brain delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:77-87. [PMID: 29341900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Management of epilepsy requires brain delivery therapy, therefore, this study was aimed to prepare lamotrigine loaded poly-ɛ-(d,l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanoparticles using spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. Nanoparticles for brain delivery required to have a particle size <200 nm, polydispesity index <0.2 and a sustained drug release properties. For such aim different factors were considered in preparing the nanoparticles as PLCL monomers' ratio, type of organic solvent used to prepare the nanoparticles, amount of PLCL and Pluronic®F127 in the nanoparticles. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized for their shape, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity, process yield and in-vitro drug release pattern. The in-vivo investigation for brain delivery of selected nanoparticles delivered by intravenous route was investigated in rats and compared to that for oral tablet. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The amount of surfactant and PLCL affected the properties of the obtained nanoparticles. Using a mixture of organic solvent in preparing the nanoparticles improved its properties. The nanoparticles prepared using PLCL with monomers' ratio of 25:75, had particle size value of 125 nm, polydispersity index value of 0.184, zeta potential value of -39 mV and encapsulation efficiency value of 99%, was selected to study their efficacy to deliver the drug to the brain. The tested nanoparticles showed higher values of Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and MRT in homogenized rat brain, compared to oral lamotrigine tablet, while the bioavailability of the oral tablet was higher in rat plasma compared to that for the nanoparticles. This reflects that brain was the main distribution site for tested nanoparticles, and plasma was the main distribution site for oral tablets. This confirms the goal of the selected formulation as brain delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Future University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Future University in Egypt, Egypt.
| | - Iman M Higazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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One-pot palladium-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized 10H-pyrido[1,2-a]quinoxalin-10-ones under copper-free conditions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Analysis of the brain as a dynamical system can assist drug development for dynamical diseases such as epilepsy. The pathological trajectories that make up a seizure differ significantly from the physiological trajectories of normal brain function. These trajectories depend on parameters - conductances and time constants of ion channels and synapses - that can be modified by drugs. Drug development will benefit by taking account of the way in which multiple parameters - multiple drug targets - produce trajectory alterations. This may lead us to reconsider potential benefits of multi-target polypharmacy, of drug cocktails, and of so-called "dirty drugs" (drugs with activity at multiple locations).
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