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Maushe D, Ogi V, Divakaran K, Verdecia Mogena AM, Himmighofen PA, Machado RAR, Towbin BD, Ehlers RU, Molina C, Parisod C, Maud Robert CA. Stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes: Engineering superior nematodes for precision agriculture. J Invertebr Pathol 2023:107953. [PMID: 37336478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are soil-dwelling parasitic roundworms commonly used as biocontrol agents of insect pests in agriculture. EPN dauer juveniles locate and infect a host in which they will grow and multiply until resource depletion. During their free-living stage, EPNs face a series of internal and environmental stresses. Their ability to overcome these challenges is crucial to determine their infection success and survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPN response to stresses associated with starvation, low/elevated temperatures, desiccation, osmotic stress, hypoxia, and ultra-violet light. We further report EPN defense strategies to cope with biotic stressors such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and predatory insects. By comparing the genetic and biochemical basis of these strategies to the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans, we provide new avenues and targets to select and engineer precision nematodes adapted to specific field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Maushe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Ogi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keerthi Divakaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Anton Himmighofen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Daniel Towbin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- e- nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, DE-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Carlos Molina
- e- nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, DE-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Christian Parisod
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Stress pre-conditioning with temperature, UV and gamma radiation induces tolerance against phosphine toxicity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195349. [PMID: 29672544 PMCID: PMC5909616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the only general use fumigant for the protection of stored grain, though its long-term utility is threatened by the emergence of highly phosphine-resistant pests. Given this precarious situation, it is essential to identify factors, such as stress preconditioning, that interfere with the efficacy of phosphine fumigation. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to test the effect of pre-exposure to heat and cold shock, UV and gamma irradiation on phosphine potency. Heat shock significantly increased tolerance to phosphine by 3-fold in wild-type nematodes, a process that was dependent on the master regulator of the heat shock response, HSF-1. Heat shock did not, however, increase the resistance of a strain carrying the phosphine resistance mutation, dld-1(wr4), and cold shock did not alter the response to phosphine of either strain. Pretreatment with the LD50 of UV (18 J cm-2) did not alter phosphine tolerance in wild-type nematodes, but the LD50 (33 J cm-2) of the phosphine resistant strain (dld-1(wr4)) doubled the level of resistance. In addition, exposure to a mild dose of gamma radiation (200 Gy) elevated the phosphine tolerance by ~2-fold in both strains.
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Tejeda-Benítez L, Noguera-Oviedo K, Aga DS, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity profile of organic extracts from Magdalena River sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1519-1532. [PMID: 29098576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Magdalena River, the main river of Colombia, receives contaminated effluents from different anthropogenic activities along its path. However, the Magdalena River is used as drinking water source for approximately 30 million inhabitants, as well as a major source of fish for human consumption. Only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the environmental and toxicological quality of the Magdalena River. To evaluate sediment toxicity, wild-type and GFP transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to methanolic extracts, and effects on lethality, locomotion, growth, and gene expression were determined based on fluorescence spectroscopy. These biological and biochemical parameters were correlated with measured pollutant concentrations (PAHs and trace elements), identifying patterns of toxicity along the course of the river. Effects on lethality, growth, and locomotion were observed in areas influenced by industrial, gold mining, and petrochemical activities. Changes in gene expression were evident for cyp-34A9, especially in the sampling site located near an oil refinery, and at the seaport, in Barranquilla City. Body bend movements were moderately correlated with Cr and As concentrations. The expression of mtl-1, mtl-2, hsp-6, and hsp-70 were significantly associated with Pb/U, Pb, Sr, and As/Sr/Pb/U, respectively. Interestingly, toxicity of methanolic as well as aqueous extracts were more prone to be dependent on Cd, Zn, and Th. In general, ecological risk assessment showed sediments display low environmental impact in terms of evaluated metals and PAHs. Different types of waste disposal on the Magdalena River, as a result of mining, domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities, incorporate toxic pollutants in sediments, which are capable of generating a toxic response in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Tejeda-Benítez
- Development and Use of Biomass Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Katia Noguera-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Office: 611 Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, Office: 611 Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model organism with many useful features, including rapid development and aging, easy cultivation, and genetic tractability. Survival assays using C. elegans are powerful methods for studying physiological processes. In this review, we describe diverse types of C. elegans survival assays and discuss the aims, uses, and advantages of specific assays. C. elegans survival assays have played key roles in identifying novel genetic factors that regulate many aspects of animal physiology, such as aging and lifespan, stress response, and immunity against pathogens. Because many genetic factors discovered using C. elegans are evolutionarily conserved, survival assays can provide insights into mechanisms underlying physiological processes in mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun H. Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Yoonji Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
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5
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Gruber J, Chen CB, Fong S, Ng LF, Teo E, Halliwell B. Caenorhabditis elegans: What We Can and Cannot Learn from Aging Worms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:256-79. [PMID: 25544992 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for research into aging. However, nematodes diverged from other animals between 600 and 1300 million years ago. Beyond the intuitive impression that some aspects of aging appear to be universal, is there evidence that insights into the aging process of nematodes may be applicable to humans? RECENT ADVANCES There have been a number of results in nematodes that appear to contradict long-held beliefs about mechanisms and causes of aging. For example, ablation of several key antioxidant systems has often failed to result in lifespan shortening in C. elegans. CRITICAL ISSUES While it is clear that some central signaling pathways controlling lifespan are broadly conserved across large evolutionary distances, it is less clear to what extent downstream molecular mechanisms of aging are conserved. In this review we discuss the biology of C. elegans and mammals in the context of aging and age-dependent diseases. We consider evidence from studies that attempt to investigate basic, possibly conserved mechanisms of aging especially in the context of the free radical theory of aging. Practical points, such as the need for blinding of lifespan studies and for appropriate biomarkers, are also considered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As data on the aging process(es) in different organisms increase, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are both conserved (public) and private aspects to aging. It is important to explore the dividing lines between these two aspects and to be aware of the large gray areas in-between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gruber
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,2 Yale-NUS College , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ce-Belle Chen
- 3 Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- 4 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Fang Ng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emelyne Teo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Yu X, Guan X, Wu Q, Zhao Y, Wang D. Vitamin E ameliorates neurodegeneration related phenotypes caused by neurotoxicity of Al2O3-nanoparticles in C. elegans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E has the potential to ameliorate the neurotoxicity of Al2O3-nanoparticles that induce neurodegeneration related phenotypes inC. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xiangmin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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7
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Li Y, Tang M, Wang D. Quantum dots exposure alters both development and function of D-type GABAergic motor neurons in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both translocation into targeted neurons and developmental and functional alterations in targeted neurons contribute to CdTe QDs neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Meng Tang
- School of Public Health
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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Matsuyama S, Moriuchi M, Suico MA, Yano S, Morino-Koga S, Shuto T, Yamanaka K, Kondo T, Araki E, Kai H. Mild electrical stimulation increases stress resistance and suppresses fat accumulation via activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway in C. elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114690. [PMID: 25490091 PMCID: PMC4260911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical current at physiological strength has been applied as a therapeutic approach for various diseases. Several of our works showed that mild electrical stimulation (MES) at 0.1-ms pulse width has positive impact on organisms. But despite the growing evidence of the beneficial effects of MES, its effects on individual animals and the molecular underpinnings are poorly understood and rarely studied. Here, we examined the effects of MES on individual animal and its mechanisms by mainly using Caenorhabditis elegans, a powerful genetic model organism. Interestingly, MES increased stress resistance and suppressed excess fat accumulation in wild-type N2 worms but not in AMPK/AAK-2 and LKB1/PAR-4 mutant worms. MES promoted the nuclear localization of transcription factors DAF-16 and SKN-1 and consequently increased the expression of anti-stress genes, whereas MES inhibited the nuclear localization of SBP-1 and suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes. Moreover, we found that MES induced the activation of LKB1/PAR4-AMPK/AAK2 pathway in C. elegans and in several mammalian cell lines. The mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP level were slightly and transiently decreased by MES leading to the activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Together, we firstly and genetically demonstrated that MES exerts beneficial effects such as stress resistance and suppression of excess fat accumulation, via activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsuyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Masataka Moriuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Saori Morino-Koga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Li Y, Wang D. Translocation and neurotoxicity of CdTe quantum dots in RMEs motor neurons in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:480-489. [PMID: 25464286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We employed Caenorhabditis elegans assay system to investigate in vivo neurotoxicity of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on RMEs motor neurons, which are involved in controlling foraging behavior, and the underlying mechanism of such neurotoxicity. After prolonged exposure to 0.1-1 μg/L of CdTe QDs, abnormal foraging behavior and deficits in development of RMEs motor neurons were observed. The observed neurotoxicity from CdTe QDs on RMEs motor neurons might be not due to released Cd(2+). Overexpression of genes encoding Mn-SODs or unc-30 gene controlling cell identity of RMEs neurons prevented neurotoxic effects of CdTe QDs on RMEs motor neurons, suggesting the crucial roles of oxidative stress and cell identity in regulating CdTe QDs neurotoxicity. In nematodes, CdTe QDs could be translocated through intestinal barrier and be deposited in RMEs motor neurons. In contrast, CdTe@ZnS QDs could not be translocated into RMEs motor neurons and therefore, could only moderately accumulated in intestinal cells, suggesting that ZnS coating might reduce neurotoxicity of CdTe QDs on RMEs motor neurons. Therefore, the combinational effects of oxidative stress, cell identity, and bioavailability may contribute greatly to the mechanism of CdTe QDs neurotoxicity on RMEs motor neurons. Our results provide insights into understanding the potential risks of CdTe QDs on the development and function of nervous systems in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Li M, Liu H, Sun L, Gao W, Wang D. Adverse effects from clenbuterol and ractopamine on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85482. [PMID: 24465573 PMCID: PMC3897430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans assay system to investigate in vivo toxicity from clentuberol and ractopamine and the possible underlying mechanism. Both acute and prolonged exposures to clentuberol or ractopamine decreased brood size and locomotion behavior, and induced intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although acute exposure to the examined concentrations of clentuberol or ractopamine did not induce lethality, prolonged exposure to 10 µg/L of clentuberol and ractopamine reduced lifespan. At relatively high concentrations, ractopamine exhibited more severe toxicity than clentuberol on nematodes. Overexpression of sod-2 gene encoding a Mn-SOD to prevent induction of oxidative stress effectively inhibited toxicity from clentuberol or ractopamine. Besides oxidative stress, we found that clentuberol might reduce lifespan through influencing insulin/IGF signaling pathway; however, ractopamine might reduce lifespan through affecting both insulin/IGF signaling pathway and TOR signaling pathway. Ractopamine more severely decreased expression levels of daf-16, sgk-1, skn-1, and aak-2 genes than clentuberol, and increased expression levels of daf-2 and age-1 genes at the examined concentration. Therefore, the C. elegans assay system may be useful for assessing the possible toxicity from weight loss agents, and clentuberol and ractopamine may induce toxicity through different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haicui Liu
- Xiuli Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Changzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wu Q, Yin L, Li X, Tang M, Zhang T, Wang D. Contributions of altered permeability of intestinal barrier and defecation behavior to toxicity formation from graphene oxide in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9934-9943. [PMID: 23986404 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively studied for potential biomedical applications. Meanwhile, potential GO toxicity arises in both biomedical applications and non-biomedical products where environmental exposures may occur. In the present study, we examined the potential adverse effects of GO and the underlying mechanism using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as the assay system. We compared the in vivo effects of GO between acute exposure and prolonged exposure, and found that prolonged exposure to 0.5-100 mg L(-1) of GO caused damage on functions of both primary (intestine) and secondary (neuron and reproductive organ) targeted organs. In the intestine, ROS production was significantly correlated with the formation of adverse effects on functions of both primary and secondary targeted organs. GO could be translocated into intestinal cells with loss of microvilli, and distributed to be adjacent to or surrounding mitochondria. Prolonged exposure to GO resulted in a hyper-permeable state of the intestinal barrier, an increase in mean defecation cycle length, and alteration of genes required for intestinal development and defecation behavior. Thus, our data suggest that prolonged exposure to GO may cause potential risk to environmental organisms after release into the environment. GO toxicity may be due to the combinational effects of oxidative stress in the intestinal barrier, enhanced permeability of the biological barrier, and suppressed defecation behavior in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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12
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Zhang W, Lv T, Li M, Wu Q, Yang L, Liu H, Sun D, Sun L, Zhuang Z, Wang D. Beneficial effects of wheat gluten hydrolysate to extend lifespan and induce stress resistance in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74553. [PMID: 24040279 PMCID: PMC3767650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have showed that wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) has the anti-oxidative property. In the present study, we examined the possible safety property of WGH and the beneficial effects of WGH to extend lifespan and induce stress resistance using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as the in vivo assay system. We found that WGH at concentrations of 0.1–1 mg/mL did not cause lethality, influence development, alter locomotion behavior and brood size, and induce significant intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in young adults. Treatment with 0.1–1 mg/mL of WGH significantly extended lifespans of nematodes under the normal conditions. Moreover, WGH treatment significantly inhibited the induction of intestinal autofluorescence and suppressed the decrease in locomotion behavior during the aging process of nematodes. Furthermore, pre-treatment with 1 mg/mL of WGH significantly suppressed the adverse effects caused by heat-stress or oxidative stress on nematodes as indicated by the alterations of both lifespan and intestinal ROS production. Therefore, WGH treatment is relatively safe and has beneficial effects on nematodes under both the normal conditions and the stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linsong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Sun
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (DW)
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (DW)
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13
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Li Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Ye H, Sun L, Ye B, Wang D. High concentration of vitamin E decreases thermosensation and thermotaxis learning and the underlying mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71180. [PMID: 23951104 PMCID: PMC3741368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-tocopherol is a powerful liposoluble antioxidant and the most abundant isoform of vitamin E in the body. Under normal physiological conditions, adverse effects of relatively high concentration of vitamin E on organisms and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear. In the present study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo assay system to investigate the possible adverse effects of high concentration of vitamin E on thermosensation and thermotaxis learning and the underlying mechanisms. Our data show that treatment with 100-200 µg/mL of vitamin E did not noticeably influence both thermosensation and thermotaxis learning; however, treatment with 400 µg/mL of vitamin E altered both thermosensation and thermotaxis learning. The observed decrease in thermotaxis learning in 400 µg/mL of vitamin E treated nematodes might be partially due to the moderate but significant deficits in thermosensation, but not due to deficits in locomotion behavior or perception to food and starvation. Treatment with 400 µg/mL of vitamin E did not noticeably influence the morphology of GABAergic neurons, but significantly decreased fluorescent intensities of the cell bodies in AFD sensory neurons and AIY interneurons, required for thermosensation and thermotaxis learning control. Treatment with 400 µg/mL of vitamin E affected presynaptic function of neurons, but had no remarkable effects on postsynaptic function. Moreover, promotion of synaptic transmission by activating PKC-1 effectively retrieved deficits in both thermosensation and thermotaxis learning induced by 400 µg/mL of vitamin E. Therefore, relatively high concentrations of vitamin E administration may cause adverse effects on thermosensation and thermotaxis learning by inducing damage on the development of specific neurons and presynaptic function under normal physiological conditions in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boping Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Chen P, Martinez-Finley EJ, Bornhorst J, Chakraborty S, Aschner M. Metal-induced neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:18. [PMID: 23730287 PMCID: PMC3657624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The model species, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been used as a tool to probe for mechanisms underlying numerous neurodegenerative diseases. This use has been exploited to study neurodegeneration induced by metals. The allure of the nematode comes from the ease of genetic manipulation, the ability to fluorescently label neuronal subtypes, and the relative simplicity of the nervous system. Notably, C. elegans have approximately 60-80% of human genes and contain genes involved in metal homeostasis and transport, allowing for the study of metal-induced degeneration in the nematode. This review discusses methods to assess degeneration as well as outlines techniques for genetic manipulation and presents a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on metal-induced degeneration studies in the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and the Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
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15
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Wu Q, Nouara A, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang W, Tang M, Ye B, Ding J, Wang D. Comparison of toxicities from three metal oxide nanoparticles at environmental relevant concentrations in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1123-1131. [PMID: 23062833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed in a variety of environmental studies to address adverse effects of a wide range of toxicants. In the present study, we compared the toxicities of three metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) including TiO(2)-NPs, ZnO-NPs, and SiO(2)-NPs with the same nanosize (30 nm) after prolonged exposure from L1-larvae to adult at environmental relevant concentrations. Our data indicated that the adverse effects were detected in nematodes exposed to TiO(2)-NPs and ZnO-NPs at concentrations more than 0.05 μg/L and SiO(2)-NPs at concentrations more than 5 μg/L with locomotion behavior and ROS production as endpoints. With growth, locomotion behavior, reproduction, and ROS production as endpoints, toxicity order for the examined metal oxide NPs was: ZnO-NPs>TiO(2)-NPs>SiO(2)-NPs. In nematodes exposed to the examined metal oxide NPs, ROS production was significantly correlated with lethality, growth, reproduction, and locomotion behavior. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants of ascorbate or NAC effectively inhibited the formation of oxidative stress and retrieved the adverse effects of TiO(2)-NPs, ZnO-NPs, and SiO(2)-NPs on survival, growth, reproduction and locomotion behaviors in nematodes. Our data demonstrated the subtle toxicity differences of different NPs exposure at environmental relevant concentrations in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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16
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Hydrogen peroxide in adaptation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:596019. [PMID: 23326624 PMCID: PMC3544357 DOI: 10.1155/2012/596019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Zhang W, Wang C, Li Z, Lu Z, Li Y, Yin JJ, Zhou YT, Gao X, Fang Y, Nie G, Zhao Y. Unraveling stress-induced toxicity properties of graphene oxide and the underlying mechanism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:5391-5397. [PMID: 22927326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide shows stress-induced toxicity properties in vivo under different pathophysiological conditions. A dual-path chemical mechanism, involving the overproduction of hydroxyl radicals and the formation of oxidizing cytochrome c intermediates, is responsible for the toxicity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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Formation and regulation of adaptive response in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:564093. [PMID: 22997543 PMCID: PMC3446806 DOI: 10.1155/2012/564093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
All organisms respond to environmental stresses (e.g., heavy metal, heat, UV irradiation, hyperoxia, food limitation, etc.) with coordinated adjustments in order to deal with the consequences and/or injuries caused by the severe stress. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans often exerts adaptive responses if preconditioned with low concentrations of agents or stressor. In C. elegans, three types of adaptive responses can be formed: hormesis, cross-adaptation, and dietary restriction. Several factors influence the formation of adaptive responses in nematodes, and some mechanisms can explain their response formation. In particular, antioxidation system, heat-shock proteins, metallothioneins, glutathione, signaling transduction, and metabolic signals may play important roles in regulating the formation of adaptive responses. In this paper, we summarize the published evidence demonstrating that several types of adaptive responses have converged in C. elegans and discussed some possible alternative theories explaining the adaptive response control.
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Molecular control of TiO₂-NPs toxicity formation at predicted environmental relevant concentrations by Mn-SODs proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44688. [PMID: 22973466 PMCID: PMC3433426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing concerns of the safety of nanotechnology, the in vivo toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) at environmental relevant concentrations has drawn increasing attentions. We investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of titanium nanoparticles (Ti-NPs) in the induction of toxicity at predicted environmental relevant concentrations. In nematodes, small sizes (4 nm and 10 nm) of TiO2-NPs induced more severe toxicities than large sizes (60 nm and 90 nm) of TiO2-NPs on animals using lethality, growth, reproduction, locomotion behavior, intestinal autofluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as endpoints. Locomotion behaviors could be significantly decreased by exposure to 4-nm and 10-nm TiO2-NPs at concentration of 1 ng/L in nematodes. Among genes required for the control of oxidative stress, only the expression patterns of sod-2 and sod-3 genes encoding Mn-SODs in animals exposed to small sizes of TiO2-NPs were significantly different from those in animals exposed to large sizes of TiO2-NPs. sod-2 and sod-3 gene expressions were closely correlated with lethality, growth, reproduction, locomotion behavior, intestinal autofluorescence, and ROS production in TiO2-NPs-exposed animals. Ectopically expression of human and nematode Mn-SODs genes effectively prevented the induction of ROS production and the development of toxicity of TiO2-NPs. Therefore, the altered expression patterns of Mn-SODs may explain the toxicity formation for different sizes of TiO2-NPs at predicted environmental relevant concentrations. In addition, we demonstrated here a strategy to investigate the toxicological effects of exposure to NPs upon humans by generating transgenic strains in nematodes for specific human genes.
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Li Y, Yu S, Wu Q, Tang M, Wang D. Transmissions of serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate are required for the formation of neurotoxicity from Al2O3-NPs in nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1004-13. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.689884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu P, He K, Li Y, Wu Q, Yang P, Wang D. Exposure to mercury causes formation of male-specific structural deficits by inducing oxidative damage in nematodes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:90-100. [PMID: 22209111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal exposure causes reproductive damage in hermaphrodite nematodes, but effects of metals on male development are unclear. We here investigated the effects of mercury chloride exposure on development of males. Hg exposure severely increased the percentage of abnormal males, disrupted the development of male-specific structures, and caused high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in male tails. Pre-treatment with antioxidant (vitamin E) protected the nematodes against toxicity from Hg exposure on development of male-specific structures. The ROS production in tails was closely correlated with formation of abnormal male-specific structures in males induced by Hg exposure. Moreover, mutations of clk-1, encoding ortholog of COQ7/CAT5, and daf-2, encoding an insulin/IGF receptor, functioned in two different pathways to suppress the formation of deficits in development of male-specific structures. Thus, three different lines of evidence support our conclusion that HgCl(2) causes male structure-specific teratogenesis via production of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kewen He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wu Q, Liu P, Li Y, Du M, Xing X, Wang D. Inhibition of ROS elevation and damage to mitochondrial function prevents lead-induced neurotoxic effects on structures and functions of AFD neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:733-742. [PMID: 22894110 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated the possible roles of oxidative stress in the formation of decreased thermotaxis to cultivation temperature in lead (Pb)-exposed nematodes Caenorhabditis elagans. Exposure to Pb at the examined concentrations decreased thermotaxis behaviors, and induced severe deficits in the structural properties of AFD sensory neurons. Meanwhile, Pb exposure caused the induction of severe oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction in young adults. Moreover, pre-treatment with the antioxidants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ascorbate and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), used to inhibit both the ROS elevation and the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Pb exposure, at the L2-larval stage prevented the induction of oxidative damage and the formation of severe deficits in thermotaxis and structural properties of AFD sensory neurons in Pb-exposed young adults. Therefore, the formation of oxidative stress caused by Pb exposure may be due to both the induction of ROS elevation and damage to mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress may play a key role in inducing the neurotoxic effects on the structures and function of AFD sensory neurons in Pb-exposed nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wu Q, He K, Liu P, Li Y, Wang D. Association of oxidative stress with the formation of reproductive toxicity from mercury exposure on hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:175-184. [PMID: 21843797 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we selected HgCl(2) to investigate the mechanism of Hg toxicity on reproduction in hermaphrodite nematodes. Accompanied with decrease of brood size, Hg exposure caused severe deficits in egg number in uterus, egg laying and reproductive structures, including gonad arms and vulva, and formation of protruding phenotype for vulva. Meanwhile, Hg exposure induced severe stress response and oxidative damage in gonad and vulva. Pre-treatment with vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, at the L2-larval stage prevented the oxidative damage and formation of reproductive deficits in Hg exposed nematodes; however, pre-treatment with paraquat, a regent generating superoxide anions, induced more severe reproductive deficits in Hg exposed nematodes. Moreover, Hg exposure increased expression of clk-2 and isp-1 genes, whose mutations decrease ROS production, and decreased expression of mev-1 and gas-1 genes, whose mutations increase ROS production. Thus, oxidative stress may be essential for the induction of reproductive deficits in Hg exposed hermaphrodite nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Ye B, Rui Q, Wu Q, Wang D. Metallothioneins are required for formation of cross-adaptation response to neurobehavioral toxicity from lead and mercury exposure in nematodes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14052. [PMID: 21124968 PMCID: PMC2987793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine-rich polypeptides, but the role of MTs in inducing the formation of adaptive response is still largely unknown. We investigated the roles of metallothionein genes (mtl-1 and mtl-2) in the formation of cross-adaptation response to neurobehavioral toxicity from metal exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pre-treatment with mild heat-shock at L2-larva stage effectively prevented the formation of the neurobehavioral defects and the activation of severe stress response in metal exposed nematodes at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM, but pre-treatment with mild heat-shock did not prevent the formation of neurobehavioral defects in 200 µM of metal exposed nematodes. During the formation of cross-adaptation response, the induction of mtl-1 and mtl-2 promoter activity and subsequent GFP gene expression were sharply increased in 50 µM or 100 µM of metal exposed Pmtl-1::GFP and Pmtl-2::GFP transgenic adult animals after mild heat-shock treatment compared with those treated with mild heat-shock or metal exposure alone. Moreover, after pre-treatment with mild heat-shock, no noticeable increase of locomotion behaviors could be observed in metal exposed mtl-1 or mtl-2 mutant nematodes compared to those without mild heat-shock pre-treatment. The defects of adaptive response to neurobehavioral toxicity induced by metal exposure formed in mtl-1 and mtl-2 mutants could be completely rescued by the expression of mtl-1 and mtl-2 with the aid of their native promoters. Furthermore, over-expression of MTL-1 and MTL-2 at the L2-larval stage significantly suppressed the toxicity on locomotion behaviors from metal exposure at all examined concentrations. Therefore, the normal formation of cross-adaptation response to neurobehavioral toxicity induced by metal exposure may need the enough accumulation of MTs protein in animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Rui
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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