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Işık K, Taş Ö, Ekinci D. Partial Purification of Glutathione S-transferase Enzyme From the Seed of Mallow (Malva Slyvestris L.) and Investigation of the Inhibition Kinetics of Some Heavy Metals. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10104-w. [PMID: 36920725 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) enzyme is abundant in mammals, insects, fish and microorganisms, as well as in various tissues of these species, particularly in tissues exposed to xenobiotics from the environment. As a result, the enzyme execute detoxifying function by scavenging a diverse range of xenobiotics, such as chemotherapeutic medicines, environmental carcinogens and endogenous compounds. In this study, GST enzyme was partially purified from mallow (Malva slyvestris L.) seed for the first time and the kinetic parameters were determined. The optimum ionic intensity was found in 400 mM Tris-Buffer, optimum pH: 7.0, and optimum substrate concentration was determined as 0.2 mM. One of the biggest reasons for deterioration of ecological balance in nature is heavy metal accumulation in soil, air and water which becomes a major threat to the vital activities of living things. In this study, inhibitory effects of Cd+ 2, Ag+, Zn+ 2 and Fe+ 3 heavy metals, which are common in nature, on mallow seed glutathione S-transferase enzyme were investigated. Each heavy metal showed micromolar inhibitory effects on enzyme activity. IC50 values of the metals were calculated as 60.93, 74.602, 178.22 and 369 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Işık
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Ömer Taş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey.
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Demir Y, Türkeş C, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Molecular Docking Studies and the Effect of Fluorophenylthiourea Derivatives on Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200656. [PMID: 36538730 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious problem affecting the health of all human societies. Chemotherapy refers to the use of drugs to kill cancer or the origin of cancer. In the past three decades, researchers have studied about proteins and their roles in the production of cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play a key role in cellular detoxification, protecting against reactive electrophiles attacks, including chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an important antioxidant enzyme involved in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. In this current study, GST and GR enzymes were purified from human erythrocytes using affinity chromatography. GR was obtained with a specific activity of 5.95 EU/mg protein and a 52.38 % yield. GST was obtained with a specific activity of 4.88 EU/mg protein and a 74.88 % yield. The effect of fluorophenylthiourea derivatives on the purified enzymes was investigated. Afterward, KI values were found to range from 23.04±4.37 μM-59.97±13.45 μM for GR and 7.22±1.64 μM-41.24±2.55 μM for GST. 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)thiourea was showed the best inhibition effect for both GST and GR enzymes. The relationships of inhibitors with 3D structures of GST and GR were explained by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
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3
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Balcı N, Şakiroğlu H, Türkan F, Bursal E. In vitro and in silico enzyme inhibition effects of some metal ions and compounds on glutathione S-transferase enzyme purified from Vaccinium arctostapylous L. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11587-11593. [PMID: 34351836 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1960893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione s-transferase (GST) is a class of enzymes that performs a wide array of biological functions. However, GST enzymes are most famously known for their roles in catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates to induce water-solubility to compounds as a protective antioxidant mechanism against toxic substances. In the present study, in vitro inhibition effects of coumarin, ascorbic acid, sodium sulfide, sodium azide, citric acid compounds, and Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mg2+ metal ions against GST enzyme were determined. For this aim, the GST enzyme was purified from Vaccinium arctostapylous L. using the glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration steps. The respective metals and chemical compounds were used at different concentrations for measuring their in vitro GST activity effects. The Ki values of these agents were determined as 0.450 ± 0.13, 15.05 ± 7.05, 0.009 ± 0.001, 0.022 ± 0.006, 0.120 ± 0.36, 0.150 ± 0.06, 0.223 ± 0.03, 0.002 ± 0.0003, and 0.136 ± 0.06 mM, respectively. Finally, the molecular docking interactions of the compounds with the GST target enzyme were evaluated using Autodock Tools-1.5.6. The effective molecular interactions of coumarin, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and sodium sulfide with GST target enzyme were found with their binding lowest energy affinities -4.62, -3.04, -2.53, and -1.67 kcal/mol, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Balcı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halis Şakiroğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
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Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) Leaves and Arils Methanolic Extracts Ameliorate CdCl2-Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Drosophila melanogaster. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235031. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different ethnomedical benefits have been documented on different parts of Ackee (Blighia sapida); however, their roles in ameliorating oxidative damages are not well established. CdCl2 inhibitory effects on some oxidative-stress biomarkers and ameliorative potentials of Ackee leaves (AL) and arils (AS) methanolic extracts were studied using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. One to 3-day-old D. melanogaster flies were orally exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 in their diet for 7 days. The fly’s survival profile and negative geotaxis assays were subsequently analysed. Methanolic extracts of AL and AS treatments showed negative geotaxis behaviour, and extracts were able to ameliorate the effect of Cd2+ on catalase and GST activities and increase total thiol and GSH levels, while it reduced the H2O2 generation (
) when compared to the control. Furthermore, Cd2+ exhibited noncompetitive and uncompetitive enzyme inhibition on catalase and GST activities, respectively, which may have resulted in the formation of Enzyme-substrate-Cd2+ transition complexes, thus inhibiting the conversion of substrate to product. This study, thus, suggests that the Cd2+ mechanism of toxicity was associated with oxidative damage, as evidenced by the alteration in the oxidative stress-antioxidant imbalance, and that the AL and AS extracts possess essential phytochemicals that could alleviate possibly deleterious oxidative damage effects of environmental pollutants such as CdCl2. Thus, Ackee plant parts possess essential phytonutrients which could serve as valuable resources in heavy metal toxicity management.
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Zhu H, Xu W, Shan M, Yang T, Lin Q, Yu K, Xing Y, Yu Y. High-Throughput Color Imaging Hg2+ Sensing via Amalgamation-Mediated Shape Transition of Concave Cube Au Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111902. [PMID: 35683757 PMCID: PMC9182504 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, as one type of toxic heavy metal, represents a great threat to environmental and biological metabolic systems. Thus, reliable and sensitive quantitative detection of mercury levels is particularly meaningful for environmental protection and human health. We proposed a high-throughput single-particle color imaging strategy under dark-field microscopy (DFM) for mercury ions (Hg2+) detection by using individual concave cube Au nanoparticles as optical probes. In the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), Hg2+ was reduced to Hg which forms Au–Hg amalgamate with Au nanoparticles, altering their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated that the concave cube Au nanoparticles were approaching to sphere upon increasing the concentration of Hg2+. The nanoparticles underwent an obvious color change from red to yellow, green, and finally blue under DFM due to the shape-evolution and LSPR changes. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that the LSPR of Au–Hg amalgamated below 400 nm. Inspired by the above-mentioned results, single-particle color variations were digitalized by converting the color image into RGB channels to obtain (green+blue)/red intensity ratios [(G+B)/R]. The concentration-dependence change was quantified by statistically analyzing the (G+B)/R ratios of a large number of particles. A linear range from 10 to 2000 nM (R2 = 0.972) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.857 nM were acquired. Furthermore, many other metal ions, like Cu2+, Cr3+, etc., did not interfere with Hg2+ detection. More importantly, Hg2+ content in industrial wastewater samples and in the inner regions of human HepG2 cells was determined, showing great potential for developing a single-particle color imaging sensor in complex biological samples using concave cube Au nanoparticles as optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.)
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Facully of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Weizhen Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Min Shan
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Q.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Q.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Kexue Yu
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Q.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanxia Xing
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Q.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Yu
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
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6
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Güller U, Beydemir Ş, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. In vitro and In silico Interactions of Antiulcer, Glucocorticoids and Urological Drugs on Human Carbonic Anhydrase I and II isozymes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:47-56. [PMID: 35080786 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) convert carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in metabolism and use Zn2+ ions as a cofactor for their catalytic activity. The activators or inhibitors of CA-I and CA-II, which are the most abundant CA isozymes in erythrocytes, have pharmacological applications in medicine. So, investigation of drug-protein interaction of these isozymes is significant. On this basis, the objective of this study was to clarify the primer effects of widely used drugs on the activity of human CA-I and CA-II enzymes and elucidate the inhibition mechanism through molecular docking studies. For this aim isozymes were purified from human erythrocytes by affinity chromatography technique. Then inhibition profiles of antiulcer, glucocorticoids, and urological drugs were investigated. As a result, while budesonide had the highest inhibitory potency on hydratase activity of hCA-I with the IC50 of 0.08 mM, levofloxacin showed the highest inhibition effect on hCA-II with the IC50 of 0.886 mM. The most effective inhibitor on the esterase activity of isozymes was found as fluticasone propionate with the Ki values of 0.0365±0.016 mM and 0.054±0.018 mM respectively. However, by molecular docking study, it was estimated that budesonide showed maximum inhibition potency for both isozymes with the free binding energy of -7.58 and -6.97 kcal/mol respectively. Consequently, it was observed that some of the drugs studied did not show any inhibitory effect. Drug-enzyme interactions were also estimated by molecular docking. This study could contribute to the discovery of new drug candidates and as well as target proteins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Güller
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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7
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Katagi T, Fujisawa T. Acute toxicity and metabolism of pesticides in birds. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:305-321. [PMID: 34908891 PMCID: PMC8640698 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d21-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The median lethal dose of pesticide in acute oral toxicity, used as a conservative index in avian risk assessment, varies by the species with differences of less than one order of magnitude, depending on body size, feeding habit, and metabolic enzyme activity. The profiles of pesticide metabolism in birds with characteristic conjugations are basically common to those in mammals, but less information is available on their relevant enzymes. The higher toxicity of some pesticides in birds than in mammals is due to the lower activity of avian metabolic enzymes. The bioaccumulation in birds is limited for very hydrophobic pesticides resistant to metabolic degradation. Several in silico approaches using the descriptors of a pesticide molecule have recently been employed to estimate the profiles of acute oral toxicity and bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Katagi
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3–1–98 Kasugadenaka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4–2–1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665–8555, Japan
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8
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Türkeş C, Demir Y, Beydemir Ş. Infection Medications: Assessment In‐Vitro Glutathione S‐Transferase Inhibition and Molecular Docking Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan 24002 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan 75700 Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
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Türkeş C, Kesebir AÖ, Demir Y, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Calcium Channel Blockers: The Effect of Glutathione S‐Transferase Enzyme Activity and Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan 24002 Turkey
| | - Arzu Öztürk Kesebir
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan 75700 Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
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10
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Gao Y, Xu S, Liu Z, Yu K, Pan X. Dual-Emission Fluorescence Probe Based on CdTe Quantum Dots and Rhodamine B for Visual Detection of Mercury and Its Logic Gate Behavior. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:713. [PMID: 34207022 PMCID: PMC8234752 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent that a convenient and sensitive technique of detecting Hg2+ be developed because of its toxicity. Conventional fluorescence analysis works with a single fluorescence probe, and it often suffers from signal fluctuations which are influenced by external factors. In this research, a novel dual-emission probe assembled through utilizing CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and rhodamine B was designed to detect Hg2+ visually. Only the emission of CdTe QDs was quenched after adding Hg2+ in the dual-emission probe, which caused an intensity ratio change of the two different emission wavelengths and hence facilitated the visual detection of Hg2+. Compared to single emission QDs-based probe, a better linear relationship was shown between the variation of fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg2+, and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be11.4 nM in the range of 0-2.6 μM. Interestingly, the intensity of the probe containing Hg2+ could be recovered in presence of glutathione (GSH) due to the stronger binding affinity of Hg2+ towards GSH than that towards CdTe QDs. Based on this phenomenon, an IMPLICATION logic gate using Hg2+/GSH as inputs and the fluorescence signal of QDs as an output was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Gao
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kezhen Yu
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
- Maritime College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Dobritzsch D, Grancharov K, Hermsen C, Krauss GJ, Schaumlöffel D. Inhibitory effect of metals on animal and plant glutathione transferases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:48-56. [PMID: 31561169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent a widespread enzyme superfamily in eukaryotes and prokaryotes catalyzing different reactions with endogenous and xenobiotic substrates such as organic pollutants. The latter are often found together with metal contamination in the environment. Besides performing of essential functions, GSTs protect cells by conjugation of glutathione with various reactive electrophiles. The interference of toxic metals with this functionality of GSTs may have unpredictable toxicological consequences for the organisms. In this review results from the recent literature are summarized and discussed describing the ability of metals to inhibit intracellular detoxification processes in animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Dobritzsch
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Ökologische und Pflanzen-Biochemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Konstantin Grancharov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Dept. Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Corinna Hermsen
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Ökologische und Pflanzen-Biochemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd-Joachim Krauss
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Ökologische und Pflanzen-Biochemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- CNRS / Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
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12
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Türkan F, Huyut Z, Demir Y, Ertaş F, Beydemir Ş. The effects of some cephalosporins on acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase: an in vivo and in vitro study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:235-243. [PMID: 29564935 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1452037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are important enzymes in the metabolism. GSTs are primarily available in phase II metabolism. AChE is vital for neurodegenerative disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The in vitro and in vivo effects of cefoperazone sodium (CFP), cefuroxime (CXM), and cefazolin (CZO) were investigated on GST and AChE activity in the present study. GST was purified using Glutathione-Agarose affinity chromatography. RESULTS Ki constants of CFP, CXM, and CZO were 0.1392 ± 0.02, 1.5179 ± 0.33, and 1.006 ± 0.11 mM for GST and 0.3010 ± 0.07, 0.3561 ± 0.09, and 0.3844 ± 0.04 mM, for AChE, respectively. The most effective inhibitor was CFP for both enzymes in in vitro. CZO (50 mg/kg), CXM (25 mg/kg), and CFP (100 mg/kg) inhibit in vivo GST and AChE activities. CXM had the most effective in vivo inhibition on AChE and GST. CONCLUSIONS CZO, CXM, and CFP are effective AChE and GST inhibitors in both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Huyut
- b Department of Biochemistry , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- c Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ertaş
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- d Department of Biochemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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13
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Temel Y, Koçyigit UM, Taysı MŞ, Gökalp F, Gürdere MB, Budak Y, Ceylan M, Gülçin İ, Çiftci M. Purification of glutathione S-transferase enzyme from quail liver tissue and inhibition effects of (3aR
,4S
,7R
,7aS
)-2-(4-((E
)-3-(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H
-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H
)-dione derivatives on the enzyme activity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22034. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Temel
- Solhan Vocational School of Health Services; Bingol University; Bingol 12000 Turkey
| | - Umit M. Koçyigit
- Vocational School of Health Services; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas 58140 Turkey
| | - M. Şerif Taysı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Bingol University; Bingol 12000 Turkey
| | - Faik Gökalp
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education; Faculty of Education, Kırıkkale University; Kırıkkale 71450 Turkey
| | - Meliha Burcu Gürdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat 60250 Turkey
| | - Yakup Budak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat 60250 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat 60250 Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Bingol University; Bingol 12000 Turkey
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14
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Özaslan MS, Demir Y, Küfrevioğlu OI, Çiftci M. Some metals inhibit the glutathione S-transferase from Van Lake fish gills. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - O. Irfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Bingöl University; Bingöl 12000 Turkey
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15
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Temel Y, Kocyigit UM. Purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat
(Rattus norvegicus
) erythrocytes
and inhibition effects of some metal ions on enzyme activity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Temel
- Solhan Vocational School of Health Services; Bingol University; Bingol 12000 Turkey
| | - Umit M. Kocyigit
- Vocational School of Health Services; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas 58140 Turkey
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16
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TEMEL Y, KUFREVİOĞLU Öİ, ÇİFTCİ M. Investigation of the effects of purification and characterization of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) liver mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase enzyme and some metal ions on enzyme activity. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1603-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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17
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Binelli A, Magni S, Della Torre C, Parolini M. Toxicity decrease in urban wastewaters treated by a new biofiltration process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:235-242. [PMID: 26282757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a project aimed to evaluate the possible role played by the freshwater zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the possible decrease of some environmental pollutants recalcitrant to tradition wastewater treatments. By the help of a pilot-plant built in the largest wastewater treatment plant of Milan (Italy), we tested several waste mixtures in order to measure the chemicals' abatement made by mussels' biofiltration. This study represents the last step of the wider project and it aimed to evaluate if the decrease in the concentration of some urban pollutants measured in wastewaters was followed by a corresponding toxicity reduction. Thus, we performed 7-day exposures under laboratory conditions to test the toxicity of the raw wastewaters and those preliminary filtered by zebra mussels, through the measurement of different end-points of acute and chronic toxicity. Results showed a clear positive effect of mussels' biofiltration mainly to decrease the acute toxicity made by the two tested wastewater mixtures, while the biomarkers' suite used to evaluate the chronic toxicity showed contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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18
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Çomaklı V, Kuzu M, Demirdağ R. Characterization and Purification of Glutathione S-Transferase from the Liver and Gill Tissues of Ağrı Balık Lake Trout Salmo trutta labrax and the Effects of Heavy Metal Ions on Its Activity. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2015; 27:145-151. [PMID: 26075414 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2015.1032441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) from the liver and gill tissues of Ağrı Balık Lake Trout (also known as Black Sea Trout) Salmo trutta labrax was characterized and purified, and the toxic effects of some heavy metal ions on the enzyme's activity were analyzed. Liver GST was purified 930 times, resulting in 56% yield using glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and a specific activity of 60.87 endotoxin units (EU)/mg protein. Using the same procedure, gill GST was purified 576 times, resulting in a 60% yield and specific activity of 46.8 EU/mg protein. The purity check of the purified enzymes was determined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Optimal pH, ionic strength, and stable pH were found for each tissue, and separate KM and Vmax values were determined for reduced glutathione and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene substrates. Heavy metal ions that have toxic effects on living organisms and are known to contribute to environmental pollution were selected, and their in vitro effects on enzyme activity were analyzed. The IC50 values and Ki constants of those metal ions showing an inhibitory effect on GST activity were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Çomaklı
- a School of Health, Agrı İbrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
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19
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Aksoy M, Ozaslan MS, Kufrevioglu OI. Purification of glutathione S-transferase from Van Lake fish (Chalcalburnus tarichii Pallas) muscle and investigation of some metal ions effect on enzyme activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:546-50. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1046063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Aksoy
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M. Serhat Ozaslan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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20
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Tan H, Li Q, Ma C, Song Y, Xu F, Chen S, Wang L. Lanthanide based dual-emission fluorescent probe for detection of mercury (II) in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:566-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Budak H, Kocpinar EF, Gonul N, Ceylan H, Erol HS, Erdogan O. Stimulation of gene expression and activity of antioxidant related enzyme in Sprague Dawley rat kidney induced by long-term iron toxicity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:44-50. [PMID: 25038477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The trace elements such as iron are vital for various enzyme activities and for other cellular proteins, but iron toxicity causes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes alterations in morphology and function of the nephron. The present study was designed to determine the effect of long-term iron overload on the renal antioxidant system and to determine any possible correlation between enzymatic and molecular levels. Our data showed that reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which is a marker for oxidative stress, strikingly decreased with a long-term iron overload in rat kidney. While renal mRNA levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) were significantly affected in the presence of ferric iron, no changes were seen for glutathione reductase (Gsr) and glutathione S-transferases (Gst). While the iron affected the enzymatic activity of G6PD, GSR, GST, and GPX, it had no significant effect on 6PGD activity in the rat kidney. In conclusion, we reported here that the gene expression of G6pd, 6pgd, Gsr, Gpx, and Gst did not correlate to enzyme activity, and the actual effect of long-term iron overload on renal antioxidant system is observed at protein level. Furthermore, the influence of iron on the renal antioxidant system is different from its effect on the hepatic antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Budak
- Atatürk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Atatürk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gonul
- Atatürk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Atatürk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Serkan Erol
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdogan
- Atatürk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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22
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Malik A, Jagirdar H, Rabbani N, Khan MS, Ahmed A, Al-Senaidy AM, Ismael MA. Optimization of storage and stability of camel liver glutathione S-transferase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:650-66. [PMID: 25036813 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.940973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes and play an important role in cellular detoxification. Besides this, GSTs act as cytosolic carrier proteins that bind hydrophobic compounds such as heme, bilirubin, steroids, and polycyclic hydrocarbons. GST has great importance in biotechnology, as it is a target for vaccine and drug development and biosensors development for xenobiotics. Moreover, the GST tag has been extensively used for protein expression and purification. Until now, biophysical properties of camel liver GST have not been characterized. In the present study we have purified camel (Camelus dromedarius) liver GST to homogeneity in a single step by affinity chromatography with 23.4-fold purification and 60.6% yield. Our results showed that maximal activity of GST was at pH 6.5 and it was stable in the pH range of 5 to 10. The optimum temperature was 55°C and the Tm was 57°C. The chemical chaperone glycerol (3.3 M) was able to protect GST activity and aggregation against thermal denaturation by stabilizing the protein structure at 50 and 57°C, respectively. However, L-arginine (125 mM) did not protect GST against thermal stress. Far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that glycerol protected the secondary structure of GST while L-arginine induced conformational changes under thermal stress. In conclusion, our studies on the GST stability suggest that glycerol works as a stabilizer and L-arginine acts as a destabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- a Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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23
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Zhong G, Li W, Gu Y, Langaee T, Stacpoole PW, James MO. Chloride and other anions inhibit dichloroacetate-induced inactivation of human liver GSTZ1 in a haplotype-dependent manner. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 215:33-9. [PMID: 24632415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo elimination rate of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug; is determined by the rate of its biotransformation to glyoxylate, catalyzed by glutathione transferase ζ1 (GSTZ1). DCA is a mechanism-based inactivator of GSTZ1, thus elimination of DCA is slowed with repeated dosing. We observed that chloride, a physiologically important anion, attenuated DCA-induced GSTZ1 inactivation in human liver cytosol in a concentration and GSTZ1 haplotype-dependent way. In the absence of chloride, incubation with 0.5mM DCA resulted in inactivation of GSTZ1 with a half-life of 0.4h (samples with the KRT haplotype) to 0.5h (EGT haplotype). At the hepatic physiological chloride concentration, 38mM, samples with the EGT haplotype retained more activity (80%) following a 2-h incubation with 0.5mM DCA than those possessing the KRT haplotype (55%). The chloride concentration that protected 50% of the GSTZ1 activity following 2-h incubation with 0.5mM DCA (EC50) was 15.0±3.1mM (mean±S.D., n=3) for EGT samples and 36.2±2.2mM for KRT samples. Bromide, iodide and sulfite also protected GSTZ1 from inactivation by DCA, however fluoride, sulfate, carbonate, acetate, cyanide did not. Protection by bromide varied by GSTZ1 haplotype: EC50 was 1.3±0.3mM for the EGT haplotype and 5.0±0.60mM for the KRT haplotype. The EC50 values for iodide and sulfite in liver cytosol samples with EGT haplotype were respectively 0.14±0.06mM and 9.6±1.1mM (mean±S.D., n=3). Because the in vivo half-life of DCA is determined by the fraction of active GSTZ1 in the liver, identifying factors that regulate GSTZ1 activity is important in determining appropriate DCA dosing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, United States
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0226, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0226, United States
| | - Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States.
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24
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Budak H, Ceylan H, Kocpinar EF, Gonul N, Erdogan O. Expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in oxidative stress induced by long-term iron toxicity in rat liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:217-23. [PMID: 24599681 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive and oxygen-containing molecules that are derived by metabolic activities or from environmental sources. Toxicity of heavy metals including iron has the ability to generate ROS in all living organisms. The pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, which are glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that enables cells to counterbalance the oxidative stress via the action of the glutathione system. The results presented here have shown that toxic and nontoxic levels of iron have a strong effect on the expression of both genes. While toxic levels of iron exhibited significant changes in enzyme activity, nontoxic levels had no effect on enzymes in rat liver. Our results are the first evidence to elucidate how oxidative stress induced by long-term iron toxicity affects both enzymes at the enzymatic and molecular level and also to determine any possible correlation between the enzymatic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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25
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Budak H, Gonul N, Ceylan H, Kocpinar EF. Impact of long term Fe³⁺ toxicity on expression of glutathione system in rat liver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:365-370. [PMID: 24388910 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The free radicals within the body, produced by metabolic activities or derived from environmental sources are relatively related to hepatoxicity. Since heavy metals including iron have the ability to produce free radicals, the liver glutathione system neutralizes them to protect cells against any damage. The objective of this study is to indicate the toxic effects of iron on the glutathione system at the enzymatic and molecular level. Thus, any possible correlation between enzymatic and molecular levels can be determined. According to our results, while mRNA expression of glutathione reductase (Gsr) and glutathione S-transferases (Gsta5) genes were not affected by long-term exposure to various concentrations of iron (Fe(3+)), transcription level of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) was influenced in the presence of toxic iron. Whereas the enzyme activites of GSR (GR), GPX and GST were significantly affected in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Budak
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Gonul
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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26
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Shi Y, Wang Q, Hou Y, Hong Y, Han X, Yi J, Qu J, Lu Y. Molecular cloning, expression and enzymatic characterization of glutathione S-transferase from Antarctic sea-ice bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. ANT506. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:179-84. [PMID: 23890723 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene from Antarctic sea-ice bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. ANT506 (namely PsGST), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The open reading frame of PsGST comprised 654 bp encoding a protein of 217 amino acids with a calculated molecular size of 24.3 kDa. The rPsGST possesses the conserved amino acid defining the binding sites of glutathione (G-site) and substrate binding pocket (H-site) in GST N_3 family. PsGST was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant PsGST (rPsGST) was purified by Ni-affinity chromatography with a high specific activity of 74.21 U/mg. The purified rPsGST showed maximum activity at 40 °C and exhibited 14.2% activity at 0 °C. It was completely inactivated at 50 °C for 40 min. These results indicated that rPsGST was a typical cold active GST with low thermostability. The enzyme was little affected by H2O2 and Triton X-100, and 50.2% of the remaining activity was detected in the presence of high salt concentrations (2M NaCl). The enzymatic Km values for CDNB and GSH was 0.22 mM and 1.01 mM, respectively. These specific enzyme properties may be related to the survival environment of Antarctic sea ice bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Shi
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Quanfu Wang
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Hou
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Yanyan Hong
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Jiali Yi
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Junjie Qu
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 264209 Weihai, PR China
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