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Zhu D, Li N, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li F, Hou T. Hydrolysis enabled specific colorimetric assay of carbosulfan with sensitivity manipulation via metal-doped or metal-free carbon nanozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115786. [PMID: 37883845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise determination of the carbamate pesticide carbosulfan is crucial for assessing the associated risks in food and environment. Due to the strong interaction between carbosulfan and target enzyme, current methods primarily depend on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition strategy, which generally lacks selectivity. In this study, we propose a nanozyme colorimetric sensor for the specific carbosulfan detection, based on its distinctive hydrolysis property. In contrast to other pesticides, carbosulfan can be hydrolyzed to produce the reductive sulfide compound by the cleavage of N-S bond under acidic condition, thereby significantly hindering the nanozyme-mediated chromogenic reaction. Consequently, the absorbance is significantly correlated with carbosulfan concentration. Furthermore, the influence of nanozyme type is disclosed, and two oxidase-like carbon nanozymes were formulated, namely metal-free NC and metal-based CeO2@NC. However, the distinct active sites significantly impact the proposed sensor. For CeO2@NC-based sensor, the produced sulfide compounds not only poison Ce active site, but also consume the reactive oxygen species, thereby, exhibiting high sensitivity with low detection limit of 3.3 nM. By contrast, the metal-free nature of NC allows the assay to remain unaffected by coordination effects, exhibiting superior anti-interference capability. This work not only offers an efficient alternative to the conventional method for detecting carbosulfan specifically, but also shed light on the role of metal-based or metal-free nanozyme among analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangqiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China; College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China; College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China; College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China.
| | - Ting Hou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China.
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2
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Li C, Zhang Y, Cai W, Zhang X, Xie Y, Guo Y, Yu H, Yao W, Qian H. Mechanism insights into the transformation of carbosulfan during apple drying processes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110729. [PMID: 32485491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of carbosulfan (CSN) in apples was investigated during oven-drying, microwave drying, and sun-drying. CSN transformed primarily into carbofuran (COA) during these drying processes. The conversion kinetics of CSN and COA was fitted by curve regression and mainly conformed to quadratic models (R2 = 0.70-0.97). Oven-drying promoted the transformation of CSN into COA. Microwave drying resulted in the highest scavenging capacity against CSN and COA (41%-100%). Moreover, a transformation mechanism was proposed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The COA originated from a series of chemical reactions involving hydroxyl substitution, cleavage, and oxidation; this result was further confirmed on the basis of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and molecular orbital theory. Furthermore, the toxicity and stability of CSN and COA were evaluated with the T.E.S.T. program. COA was less toxic than CSN to aquatic organisms but more toxic than CSN to rats. Therefore, COA production should be avoided during drying. Microwave drying was found to be the optimum choice for drying apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Food Control, No.1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Suzhou Institute for Food Control, No.1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Food Control, No.1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Liu S, Yu M, Xie X, Ru Y, Ru S. Carbofuran induces increased anxiety-like behaviors in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) through disturbing dopaminergic/norepinephrinergic system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126635. [PMID: 32278909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran, a carbamate pesticide, is widely used in developing countries to manage insect pests. Studies have found that carbofuran posed potential risks for the neurotransmitter systems of non-target species, we speculated that these disruptive effects on the neurotransmitter systems could trigger anxiety-like behaviors. In this study, female zebrafish were exposed to environmental levels (5, 50, and 500 μg/L) of carbofuran for 48 h to evaluate the effects of carbofuran on anxiety-like behaviors. Results showed that zebrafish exhibited more anxiety-like behaviors which proved by the observed higher bottom trend and more erratic movements in the novel tank after carbofuran treatment. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of carbofuran-induced anxiety-promoting effects, we measured the levels of neurotransmitters, precursors, and major metabolites, along with the level of gene expression and the enzyme activities involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. The results demonstrated that acute carbofuran exposure stimulated the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, which sequentially induced the increased levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor relieved the anxiety-related changes induced by carbofuran, confirming the overactive tyrosine hydroxylase-mediated accumulation of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain was one of the main reasons for carbofuran-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the female zebrafish. Overall, our study indicated the environmental health risks of carbamate pesticide in inducing neurobehavioral disorders and provided novel insights into the investigation of the relevant underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China.
| | - Xincen Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yiran Ru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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4
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Cui J, Wang F, Gao J, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Liu D, Wang P. Bioaccumulation and Metabolism of Carbosulfan in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and the Toxic Effects of Its Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12348-12356. [PMID: 31638788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbosulfan is a carbamate insecticide that has been widely used in agriculture. However, studies showed that carbosulfan could be highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The metabolism of carbosulfan in adult zebrafish is still largely unexplored, and the metabolites in individual or in combination may pose a potential threat to zebrafish. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and metabolism of carbosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed, and the main metabolites, including carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, were determined. The toxicity of carbosulfan and its metabolites individually or in combination to zebrafish was also investigated. The bioaccumulation and metabolism experiment indicated that carbosulfan was not highly accumulated in zebrafish, with a bioaccumulation factor of 18 after being exposed to carbosulfan for 15 days, and the metabolism was fast, with a half-life of 1.63 d. The two main metabolites were relatively persistent, with half-lives of 3.33 and 5.68 d for carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, respectively. The acute toxicity assay showed that carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran had 96-h LC50 values of 0.15 and 0.36 mg/L, showing them to be more toxic than carbosulfan (96-h LC50 = 0.53 mg/L). Combinations of binary or ternary mixtures of carbosulfan and its metabolites displayed coincident synergistic effects on acute toxicity, with additive index (AI) values of 1.9-14.3. In the livers and gills of zebrafish exposed to carbosulfan, carbofuran, and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly changed in most cases, and the content of malondialdehyde was greatly increased, indicating that carbosulfan and its metabolites induced varying degrees of oxidative stress. The metabolites were more persistent and toxic to zebrafish and exhibit coincident synergistic effects in combination. These results can provide evidence for the potential risk of pesticides and highlight the importance of a systematic assessment for the combination of the precursor and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
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Timme-Laragy AR, Hahn ME, Hansen JM, Rastogi A, Roy MA. Redox stress and signaling during vertebrate embryonic development: Regulation and responses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:17-28. [PMID: 28927759 PMCID: PMC5650060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate embryonic development requires specific signaling events that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation to occur at the correct place and the correct time in order to build a healthy embryo. Signaling pathways are sensitive to perturbations of the endogenous redox state, and are also susceptible to modulation by reactive species and antioxidant defenses, contributing to a spectrum of passive vs. active effects that can affect redox signaling and redox stress. Here we take a multi-level, integrative approach to discuss the importance of redox status for vertebrate developmental signaling pathways and cell fate decisions, with a focus on glutathione/glutathione disulfide, thioredoxin, and cysteine/cystine redox potentials and the implications for protein function in development. We present a tissue-specific example of the important role that reactive species play in pancreatic development and metabolic regulation. We discuss NFE2L2 (also known as NRF2) and related proteins, their roles in redox signaling, and their regulation of glutathione during development. Finally, we provide examples of xenobiotic compounds that disrupt redox signaling in the context of vertebrate embryonic development. Collectively, this review provides a systems-level perspective on the innate and inducible antioxidant defenses, as well as their roles in maintaining redox balance during chemical exposures that occur in critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Song W, Jia C, Jing J, Zhao E, He M, Chen L, Yu P. Residue behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of carbosulfan and its metabolites in cucumber. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:250-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gómez-Giménez B, Felipo V, Cabrera-Pastor A, Agustí A, Hernández-Rabaza V, Llansola M. Developmental Exposure to Pesticides Alters Motor Activity and Coordination in Rats: Sex Differences and Underlying Mechanisms. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:247-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abreu-Villaça Y, Levin ED. Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:55-77. [PMID: 27908457 PMCID: PMC5285268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most prominent off-target toxic risks of insecticides. Over the past seven decades several classes of insecticides have been developed, each with their own mechanisms of effect and toxic side effects. This review covers the developmental neurotoxicity of the succeeding generations of insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids. The goal of new insecticide development is to more effectively kill target species with fewer toxic side effects on non-target species. From the experience with the developmental neurotoxicity caused by the generations of insecticides developed in the past advice is offered how to proceed with future insecticide development to decrease neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiologicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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El-Bini Dhouib I, Lasram MM, Annabi A, Gharbi N, El-Fazaa S. A comparative study on toxicity induced by carbosulfan and malathion in Wistar rat liver and spleen. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 124:21-28. [PMID: 26453226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. These pesticides are highly toxic to humans and their residues in food pose potential threat to human health. In this comparative study, we investigated the effect of subchronic exposure of OPs (malathion, MAL) and CM (Carbosulfan, CB) on rat liver and spleen. Biochemical analysis showed that levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, ALP, LDH and PAL) changed after exposure to the pesticides. In the liver extracts, lipid peroxidation index increased after the treatment by pesticides. Our results indicated that exposure to MAL and CB leads to alteration of liver redox status. Both pesticides induced focal inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. After subchronic administration of MAL (200 mg/kg) and CB (25 mg/kg), systemic inflammation, as depicted by the increase in IFN-δ activity in liver, was observed in both malathion and carbosulfan treated animals. In addition, the results showed that MAL significantly increased TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocyte number. It also decreased INF-δ and IL-4 production. However, CB induced a reduction of TCD8+ number and cytokine production in spleen cells. In conclusion, malathion and carbosulfan had significant immunomodulatory properties in the spleen with inflammation and oxidative stress induction in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines El-Bini Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Annabi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El-Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
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