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Wang C, Sha T, Lu J, Guan Y, Geng X. A Miniaturized and Highly Sensitive "Windmill" Three-Channel Fluorescence Detector for Simultaneous Detection of Various Mycotoxins. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10121-10126. [PMID: 38874092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A novel "windmill" three-channel light-emitting diode induced fluorescence detector (LED-IF) was proposed to maximize the excitation efficiency and fluorescence collection efficiency. Compared with the typical collinear arrangement, the fluorescence intensity of the three channels was increased by 7.85, 3.88, and 2.94 times, respectively. The compact shaping optical path was designed to obtain higher excitation efficiency and a lower background stray light effect caused by high divergence angle high-power ultraviolet (UV)-LEDs simultaneously, which increased the sensitivity of three channels by 4.6 to 5.7 times. It was found that using a photodiode (PD) with a flat window and a larger photosensitive surface can collect the Lambertian emission fluorescence in the flow cell more efficiently, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of each channel 1.3 to 1.8 times. The limits of detection (LODs, 3 times peak-peak noise) of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), ochratoxin (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) were 0.33, 1.80, and 28.2 ng/L, respectively. Finally, six mycotoxins were analyzed simultaneously by the detector coupling with HPLC. The results showed that the sensitivity of the detector was at the best level to date, which was better than that of the top commercial fluorescence detectors (FLDs). The developed detector has the advantages of having small volume, low cost, and long lifetime and being robust, which has wide application and market prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Wang
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Sha
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- South-Central Minzu University, 182 Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiashan Lu
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science & Engineering, CAS, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xuhui Geng
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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2
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Ofori-Attah E, Hashimoto M, Oki M, Kadowaki D. Therapeutic Effect of Natural Products and Dietary Supplements on Aflatoxin-Induced Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2849. [PMID: 38474096 PMCID: PMC10932067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are harmful natural contaminants found in foods and are known to be hepatotoxic. However, recent studies have linked chronic consumption of aflatoxins to nephrotoxicity in both animals and humans. Here, we conducted a systematic review of active compounds, crude extracts, herbal formulations, and probiotics against aflatoxin-induced renal dysfunction, highlighting their mechanisms of action in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The natural products and dietary supplements discussed in this study alleviated aflatoxin-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue damage, and markers of renal function, mostly in animal models. Therefore, the information provided in this review may improve the management of kidney disease associated with aflatoxin exposure and potentially aid in animal feed supplementation. However, future research is warranted to translate the outcomes of this study into clinical use in kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ofori-Attah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Mai Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Mayu Oki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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3
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Stoev SD. Natural feed additives and bioactive supplements versus chemical additives as a safe and practical approach to combat foodborne mycotoxicoses. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1335779. [PMID: 38450227 PMCID: PMC10915786 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1335779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the possible hazard of mycotoxins occurrence in foods and feeds in regards to foodborne diseases. The possible management of the risk of contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins by using natural feed additives, protecting against deleterious effects of mycotoxins or inhibiting the growth of fungi and mycotoxin production, is deeply investigated in the available literature and some effective measures for safe utilization of mycotoxin contaminated feed/food are proposed. The biological methods of decontamination, degradation or biotransformation of mycotoxins are deeply analyzed and discussed. Some natural antagonists against target fungi are also reviewed and a comparison is made with conventional fungicides for ensuring a safe prevention of mycotoxin contamination. The most common and useful chemical methods of mycotoxins decontamination of agricultural commodities or raw materials are also investigated, e.g., chemical additives inactivating or destroying and/or adsorbing mycotoxins as well as chemical additives inhibiting the growth of fungi and mycotoxin production. The practical use and safety of various kind of feed/food additives or herbal/biological supplements as possible approach for ameliorating the adverse effects of some dangerous mycotoxins is deeply investigated and some suggestions are given. Various possibilities for decreasing mycotoxins toxicity, e.g., by clarifying the mechanisms of their toxicity and using some target antidotes and vitamins as supplements to the diet, are also studied in the literature and appropriate discussions or suggestions are made in this regard. Some studies on animal diets such as low carbohydrate intake, increased protein content, calorie restriction or the importance of dietary fats are also investigated in the available literature for possible amelioration of the ailments associated with mycotoxins exposure. It could be concluded that natural feed additives and bioactive supplements would be more safe and practical approach to combat foodborne mycotoxicoses as compared to chemical additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D. Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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4
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Wei G, Liang Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen S, Dong L. Influence of sampling location and processing on the assembly and network of Polygoni Multiflori Radix surface microbiome. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110442. [PMID: 37984213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The raw and processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is a popular traditional Chinese medicine. However, Polygoni Multiflori Radix is easily contaminated by toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins during harvesting, processing, and transportation, thereby posing a health risk for consumers. This study aims to investigate the presence of fungi on the surface of raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix collected from four producing areas using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, the genera Xeromyces, Cystofilobasidium, Eurotium, and Aspergillus were the dominant fungus, and significant differences are presented in four areas and two processed products. Three potential mycotoxin-producing fungi were detected, namely Trichosporon cutaneum, Aspergillus restrictus, and Fusarium oxysporum. The α-diversity and network complexity showed significant differences in four areas. Chao 1 and Shannon were highest in Yunnan (YN), then incrementally decreased from SC (Sichuan) to AH (Anhui) and GD (Guangdong) areas. Meanwhile, α-diversity was also strongly influenced by processing. Chao 1 and Shannon indices were higher in the raw group, however, the network complexity and connectivity were higher in the processed group. In conclusion, the assembly and network of the surface microbiome on Polygoni Multiflori Radix were influenced by sampling location and processing. This work provides details on the surface microbiome of Polygoni Multiflori Radix samples, which could ensure the drug and consumers' safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yichuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guozhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Francis S, Kortei NK, Sackey M, Richard SA. Aflatoxin B 1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240907. [PMID: 38283584 PMCID: PMC10818061 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a subsidiary poisonous metabolite, archetypally spawned by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which are often isolated in warm or tropical countries across the world. AFB1 is capable of disrupting the functioning of several reproductive endocrine glands by interrupting the enzymes and their substrates that are liable for the synthesis of various hormones in both males and females. In men, AFB1 is capable of hindering testicular development, testicular degeneration, and reduces reproductive capabilities. In women, a direct antagonistic interaction of AFB1 with steroid hormone receptors influencing gonadal hormone production of estrogen and progesterone was responsible for AFB1-associated infertility. AFB1 is potentially teratogenic and is responsible for the development of malformation in humans and animals. Soft-tissue anomalies such as internal hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, cardiac defects, augmented liver lobes, reproductive changes, immune modifications, behavioral changes and predisposition of animals and humans to neoplasm development are AFB1-associated anomalies. Substances such as esculin, selenium, gynandra extract, vitamins C and E, oltipraz, and CDDO-Im are potential therapies for AFB1. Thus, this review elucidates the pivotal pathogenic roles of AFB1 in infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies because AFB1 toxicity is a key problem globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullibie Francis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana
| | - Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Marian Sackey
- Department of Pharmacy, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana
| | - Seidu A. Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA128, Ho, Ghana
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6
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Ansari MA, Al Abbasi FA, Hosawi S, Baig MR, Alhayyani S, Kumar V, Asar TO, Anwar F. Mass Spectrometry-based Detection of Mycotoxins in Imported Meat and their Perspective Role on Myocardial Apoptosis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3834-3843. [PMID: 37303172 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230609100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal mycotoxins are the secondary metabolities and are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. Common aflatoxins are present and isolated from feeds and food comprises aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Public health threats or risk of foodborne disease posed by mycotoxins, especially the export or import of such meat products are of primary concern. This study aims to determine the concentration of the level of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 M1, and M2 respectively in imported burger meat. METHODS The present work is designed to select and collect the various samples of meat products from different sources and subjected to mycotoxin analysis by LCMS/MS. Random selection was made on sites of burger meat was found to be on sale. RESULTS Simultaneous presence of several mycotoxins in the same sample of imported meat under the set conditions of LCMS/MS detected 26% (18 samples) was positive for various mycotoxins. The most frequent mycotoxins proportion in the analyzed samples was aflatoxin B1 (50%) followed by aflatoxin G1 (44%), aflatoxin G2 (38.8%), aflatoxin B2 (33%) respectively which were least among all with 16.66 and 11.11%. DISCUSSION A positive correlation is deduced between CVD and mycotoxin present in burger meat. Isolated mycotoxins initiate death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated necrosis, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, and immunogenic cell deaths through various pathways that can damage the cardiac tissues. CONCLUSION The presence of these toxins in such samples is just the tip of the iceberg. Further investigation is necessary for complete clarifications of toxins on human health especially on CVD and other related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Al Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Stoev SD. Foodborne Diseases Due to Underestimated Hazard of Joint Mycotoxin Exposure at Low Levels and Possible Risk Assessment. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:464. [PMID: 37505733 PMCID: PMC10467111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review paper is to evaluate the underestimated hazard of multiple mycotoxin exposure of animals/humans for the appearance of foodborne ailments and diseases. The significance of joint mycotoxin interaction in the development of foodborne diseases is discussed, and appropriate conclusions are made. The importance of low feed/food levels of some target mycotoxins co-contaminations in food and feedstuffs for induction of target foodborne mycotoxicoses is also studied in the available literature. The appropriate hygiene control and the necessary risk assessment in regard to possible hazards for animals and humans are also discussed, and appropriate suggestions are made. Some internationally recognized prophylactic measures, management of the risk, and the necessity of elaboration of new international regulations in regard to the maximum permitted levels are also carefully discussed and analysed in the cases of multiple mycotoxin contaminations. The necessity of harmonization of mycotoxin regulations and control measures at international levels is also discussed in order to facilitate food trade between the countries and to ensure global food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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8
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YU M, LIU P. Discussion on emergency management of food safety from the perspective of foodborne diseases caused by mycotoxins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Mao X, Zhang P, Du H, Ge L, Liu S, Huang K, Chen X. The combined effect of deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 on small intestinal inflammation mediated by pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2023; 372:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Wu K, Jia S, Xue D, Rajput SA, Liu M, Qi D, Wang S. Dual effects of zearalenone on aflatoxin B1-induced liver and mammary gland toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114115. [PMID: 36179448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food and feed are frequently co-contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN). This study investigated the effects of ZEN on the AFB1-induced liver and mammary gland toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats. AFB1 and ZEN co-exposure inhibited the growth of rats and caused oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the liver and mammary gland. Compared with the AFB1-only group, damage was aggravated in the AFB1 + 10 mg/kg ZEN group, and the AFB1 + 1 mg/kg ZEN group showed a reduction in some metrics. The metabolomic results of the mammary gland showed that metabolite changes were mainly in lipid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism. Compared with the AFB1 + 0 mg/kg ZEN group, the AFB1 + 1 mg/kg ZEN group had the most metabolite changes. Moreover, AFB1 and ZEN co-exposure reduced the levels of sex hormones and RNA m6A methylation in the mammary gland. We speculate that ZEN affects the toxicity of AFB1 to the liver and mammary gland by interfering with the function of sex hormones, regulating cell proliferation and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sifan Jia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Si H, Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Li S, Wang S, Zhu B. Functionalized monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment in food and medicine. Front Chem 2022; 10:951649. [PMID: 35991596 PMCID: PMC9388943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatographic column is the core of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and must have excellent separation efficiency and selectivity. Therefore, functional modification materials for monolithic columns have been rapidly developed. This study is a systematic review of the recently reported functionalized monolithic columns. In particular, the study reviews the types of functional monomers under different modification conditions, as well as the separation and detection techniques combined with chromatography, and their development prospects. In addition, the applications of functionalized monolithic columns in food analysis, biomedicine, and the analysis of active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines in recent years are also discussed. Also reviewed are the functionalized monolithic columns for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It provided a reference for further development and application of organic polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Si
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Wang,
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongya Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuna Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Baocheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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12
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Stoev SD. New Evidences about the Carcinogenic Effects of Ochratoxin A and Possible Prevention by Target Feed Additives. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:380. [PMID: 35737041 PMCID: PMC9230445 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the carcinogenic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on various tissues and internal organs in laboratory and farm animals is made. Suggestions are made regarding how to recognize and differentiate the common spontaneous neoplastic changes characteristic for advanced age and the characteristic neoplasia in different tissues and organs in laboratory animals/poultry exposed to OTA. The synergistic effects of OTA together with its natural combination of penicillic acid are also investigated regarding possible carcinogenic effects. The malignancy and the target location of OTA-induced neoplasia is studied. The sex-differences of such neoplasia are investigated in the available literature. The time of appearance of the first neoplasia is investigated in long-term carcinogenic studies with OTA-treated animals. The possibility of target feed additives or herbs to counteract the toxic and carcinogenic effects of OTA is studied in the available literature. Some effective manners of prophylaxis and/or prevention against OTA contamination of feedstuffs/foods or animal production are suggested. The suitability of various laboratory animals to serve as experimental model for humans with regard to OTA-induced tumorigenesis is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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13
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Zhou J, Zhao L, Huang S, Liu Q, Ao X, Lei Y, Ji C, Ma Q. Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35382876 PMCID: PMC8985363 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol, thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes. However, the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first parity. RESULTS A total of 80 first-parity gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, 246 μg ZEA/kg diet); COA (CO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet); MOA (MO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet). There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per replicate. Feeding low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β concentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts, but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive performance. The addition of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion, and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in gilts. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first parity. Feeding low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-α and -β concentrations in specific organs, cause disturbance of reproductive hormones and vulva swelling, and damage organ histopathology and up-regulate apoptosis in sow models. Diet with Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G alleviated negative effects of the ZEA on gilts to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Sichuan tieqilishi Food Co., Ltd, Mianyang, 610000, Sichuan province, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Sichuan tieqilishi Food Co., Ltd, Mianyang, 610000, Sichuan province, China
| | - Yuanpei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lu Q, Guo MY, Tian J, Luo JY, Yang MH. A comprehensive study on multi-mycotoxin screening, changes of mycotoxin residues and fungal community analysis from barley germination to malt. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 372:109678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Stoev SD. Studies on teratogenic effect of ochratoxin A given via mouldy diet in mice in various sensitive periods of the pregnancy and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon 2022; 210:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Mwakosya AW, Limbu SM, Majaliwa N, Zou X, Shi J, Kibazohi O. Aflatoxin B 1 variations in animal feeds along the supply chain in Tanzania and its possible reduction by heat treatment. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2045908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjelina W. Mwakosya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nuria Majaliwa
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oscar Kibazohi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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17
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Taborda B, Santos AM, Costa MT, Mendes MM, Lopes de Andrade V, Mateus L. Contribution of cereals and cows' milk consumption to the exposure to mycotoxins: a study with Portuguese children. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:588-598. [PMID: 35020578 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2010811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins in the environment results in unavoidable and repeated human exposure to mixtures of mycotoxins, the main exposure being through the consumption of contaminated foods, such as cereals and milk. Considering the frequency of contamination of these foods with mycotoxins, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of exposure to aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in a Portuguese population under 17 years old through the consumption of these foods. To assess mycotoxin exposure, food contamination data was provided by the Official National Plan to Control Food and the food consumption information from the National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese General Population (2015-2016); risk assessment calculations were performed through the Monte Carlo probabilistic method. In view of the results obtained for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, and considering the legislation in force, the levels observed were below the maximum levels. However, there was a risk in deoxynivalenol exposure for children from 0 to 9 years old (average and high consumers), and for high consumers from 10 to 17 years old. Given the potential adverse effects of these mycotoxins, their co-existence in the same foods and being a priority issue defined by the European Food Safety Authority, tight control should be carried out, in addition to re-evaluation of the maximum levels of these mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Taborda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Food Risks and Laboratories, Portuguese Food and Economic Safety Authority (ASAE), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ap Marreilha Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda T Costa
- Department of Food Risks and Laboratories, Portuguese Food and Economic Safety Authority (ASAE), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Mendes
- Department of Food Risks and Laboratories, Portuguese Food and Economic Safety Authority (ASAE), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Lopes de Andrade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Mateus
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Lu Q, Luo JY, Ruan HN, Wang CJ, Yang MH. Structure-toxicity relationships, toxicity mechanisms and health risk assessment of food-borne modified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151192. [PMID: 34710421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin, as one of the most common pollutants in foodstuffs, poses great threat to food security and human health. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)-two mycotoxin contaminants with considerable toxicity widely existing in food products-have aroused broad public concerns. Adding to this picture, modified forms of DON and ZEN, have emerged as another potential environmental and health threat, owing to their higher re-transformation rate into parent mycotoxins inducing accumulation of mycotoxin in humans and animals. Given this, a better understanding of the toxicity of modified mycotoxins is urgently needed. Moreover, the lack of toxicity data means a proper risk assessment of modified mycotoxins remains challenging. To better evaluate the toxicity of modified DON and ZEN, we have reviewed the relationship between their structures and toxicities. The toxicity mechanisms behind modified DON and ZEN have also been discussed; briefly, these involve acute, subacute, chronic, and combined toxicities. In addition, this review also addresses the global occurrence of modified DON and ZEN, and summarizes novel methods-including in silico analysis and implementation of relative potency factors-for risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN. Finally, the health risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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19
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Vlachou M, Pexara A, Solomakos N, Govaris A. Ochratoxin A in Slaughtered Pigs and Pork Products. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:67. [PMID: 35202095 PMCID: PMC8876995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is produced after the growth of several Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. in feeds or foods. OTA has been proved to possess nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, neurotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects in animals and humans. OTA has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the IARC in 2016. OTA can be mainly found in animals as a result of indirect transmission from naturally contaminated feed. OTA found in feed can also contaminate pigs and produced pork products. Additionally, the presence of OTA in pork meat products could be derived from the direct growth of OTA-producing fungi or the addition of contaminated materials such as contaminated spices. Studies accomplished in various countries have revealed that pork meat and pork meat products are important sources of chronic dietary exposure to OTA in humans. Various levels of OTA have been found in pork meat from slaughtered pigs in many countries, while OTA levels were particularly high in the blood serum and kidneys of pigs. Pork products made from pig blood or organs such as the kidney or liver have been often found to becontaminated with OTA. The European Union (EU) has established maximum levels (ML) for OTA in a variety of foods since 2006, but not for meat or pork products. However, the establishement of an ML for OTA in pork meat and meat by-products is necessary to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreana Pexara
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.V.); (N.S.); (A.G.)
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20
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Ra Kasem N, A Mannaa F, G Abdel-Wahhab K, H Mourad H, F Gomaa H. Preventive Efficiency of Chelidonium majus Ethanolic Extract Against Aflatoxin B 1 Induced Neurochemical Deteriorations in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:234-244. [PMID: 35234014 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.234.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Aflatoxins affect many species including humans and animals, therefore the present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> Ethanolic Extract (CMEE) on neurotoxicity induced by Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB1) in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Four groups of male Albino rats were treated orally for 28 days as follows: (1) Control group was daily given DMSO-PBS buffer (1.0 mL per rat), (2) CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer, (3) AFB1 (80 μg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer and (4) Received daily AFB1 (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) in combination with CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>). <b>Results:</b> CMEE exhibits antioxidant activity <i>in vitro</i> and neuroameliorative efficiency <i>in vivo</i> as its administration in combination with AFB1 succeeded significantly in down regulating the elevated levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers and restoring the values of neurochemical markers (AChE-ase, dopamine and serotonin) that were deteriorated by AFB1 intake. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of CMEE may be mediated through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity that proved from the data<i> </i>of ferric-reducing power ability and DPPH radical scavenging activity.
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21
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Ekwomadu TI, Akinola SA, Mwanza M. Fusarium Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11741. [PMID: 34831498 PMCID: PMC8618243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Fusarium produces a number of mycotoxins of diverse chemical structures. Fusariotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi of the genus Fusarium. The important and commonly encountered fusariotoxins are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Fusarium mycotoxins pose varying toxicities to humans and/or animals after consumption of contaminated grain. They can cause acute or chronic illness and, in some cases, death. For instance, a range of Fusarium mycotoxins can alter different intestinal defense mechanisms, such as the epithelial integrity, cell proliferation, mucus layer, immunoglobulins, and cytokine production. Of recent concern is the occurrence of emerging and masked Fusarium mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, which may contribute to toxic health effects, although the metabolic fate of masked mycotoxins still remains a matter of scientific discussion. These mycotoxins have attracted attention worldwide because of their impact on human and animal health, animal productivity, and the associated economic losses. In this paper, we review Fusarium mycotoxins and their metabolites with the aim of summarizing the baseline information on the types, occurrence, and health impacts of these mycotoxins in order to encourage much-needed research on integrated management of this unavoidable food contaminant as concerns for food safety continues to grow worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora I. Ekwomadu
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture, Sciences, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (S.A.A.); (M.M.)
- Food Security and Food Safety Niche Area, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Stephen A. Akinola
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture, Sciences, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (S.A.A.); (M.M.)
- Food Security and Food Safety Niche Area, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture, Sciences, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (S.A.A.); (M.M.)
- Food Security and Food Safety Niche Area, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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22
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Zhang J, Zheng Y, Tao H, Liu J, Zhao P, Yang F, Lv Z, Wang J. Effects of Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110788. [PMID: 34822572 PMCID: PMC8617607 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) on the growth performance, genital organs, serum hormones, biomarkers, and histopathological changes of female gilts and to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in alleviating ZEN toxicosis in gilts. Twenty-four female gilts were randomly allocated to four groups with six replicates per group and one gilt per replicate, fed on four feeds prepared previously, which were basic diet (control group, C group), ZEN diet (Z group), Zlb diet (Zlb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in liquid form, and Zdb diet (Zdb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in dehydrated form. The results showed that the vulva size and relative weight of reproductive organs had no significant difference in the control group, Zlb group, and Zdb group, but were significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); the relative weight of the liver was lower in the C group, Zlb group, and Zbd group than in the Z group (0.05 < p < 0.1). The concentration of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was lower, but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in the Z group, Zlb group, and Zdb group than in the Z group (0.05 < p < 0.1). Additionally, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration had no significant difference in the C group, Zlb group, and Zdb group but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); estradiol (E2) was significantly lower in the Zlb group and Zdb group than that in C group, but significantly higher than that in Z group (p < 0.05); PRL was significantly higher in the Zlb group and Zdb group than in the C group, but was significantly lower than in Z group (p < 0.05). ZEN and its reduced metabolites were measured in biological samples after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. The concentration of serum ZEN and its metabolite, α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); urine ZEN and its metabolites, α-ZOL and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05). Cell damages were observed in the liver, uterus, and ovary of gilts in the Z group and alleviated in Zlb and Zdb groups, but the loss of oocytes was irreversible in the ovary. The ZEN-contaminated diet caused serious changes in female hormones and brought harm to the livers and reproductive organs, but B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 could naturally remove the ZEN significantly, which ameliorated the reproductive impairment in gilts caused by ZEN. The addition of B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 to ZEN-contaminated feeds could ameliorate the toxic effects effectively, regardless of liquid or dry culture. Therefore, the B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 strain has great potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yunduo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Zonghao Lv
- Animal Husbandry Department, Agricultural Science Research Institute, Huaihua 418000, China;
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (F.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-8210-6070
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Souto NS, Dassi M, Braga ACM, Rosa ÉVF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Hepatic susceptibility to oxidative damage after repeated concomitant exposure to aspartame and aflatoxin B1 in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2780-2785. [PMID: 34709106 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1991196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential interactions among food additives/contaminants and the consequences to biological systems is a topic that is rarely addressed in scientific literature. Thus, the current study investigated if the combined administration of ASP and AFB1 would impair hepatic and renal oxidative status. Male Wistar rats received during 14 days once a day ASP (75 mg/Kg) and/or AFB1 (250 µg/Kg) through intragastric route. At the end of experimental protocol, samples of liver and kidneys were collected for assessing biochemical markers of oxidative status. In the hepatic tissue, the treatment with a single substance (ASP or AFB1) caused an increase in TBARS levels, and a reduction in non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (Vit C and NPSH levels and FRAP test). In the kidneys, TBARS levels were increased only in the group that received ASP + AFB1. The association reduced NPSH content, while the treatment with AFB1 reduced the FRAP levels. GST and CAT activities were increased in all treatments. Overall, ASP and AFB1 association presented higher toxic effects to the tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the associated use of both ASP and AFB1 induces more extensive injuries in comparison to the effects caused by each one alone. Therefore, these data demonstrated that concomitant exposure to ASP and AFB1 potentiated their oxidative damage in hepatic tissue, suggesting that this organ is particularly sensitive to the toxic action induced by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | | | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
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24
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Mycotoxin bioaccessibility in baby food through in vitro digestion: an overview focusing on risk assessment. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Yang G, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang D, Weng H, Wang Q, Chen C. Variations of enzymatic activity and gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos co-exposed to zearalenone and fumonisin B1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112533. [PMID: 34303040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins has been reported in cereals and cereal products worldwide. Even though the dietary exposure to mycotoxins constitutes a serious human health, most reports are limited to the toxic effect of individual mycotoxins. The purpose of the present study was to assess the combined toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) and the potential interaction of their mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Our results showed that ZEN possessed the higher toxicity to embryonic zebrafish (7-day LC50 value of 0.78 mg a.i. L-1) compared with FB1 (7-day LC50 value of 227.7 mg a.i. L-1). The combination of ZEN and FB1 exerted an additive effect on zebrafish embryos. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant CAT, caspase-3, and detoxification enzyme CYP450, as well as the expressions of six genes (Mn-sod, cas9, bax, cc-chem, ERα, and crh) associated with oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, immune system, and endocrine system were prominently altered in the mixture exposure compared with the corresponding single treatment group of ZEN or FB1. Taken together, the regulatory standards of mycotoxins in food and feed should be updated based on the mixture effects of mycotoxins, and there is an increased need on effective detoxification methods for controlling and reducing the toxicity of multiple mycotoxins in animal feed and throughout the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiancai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbiao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Diversity of Mycobiota in Spanish Grape Berries and Selection of Hanseniaspora uvarum U1 to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090649. [PMID: 34564653 PMCID: PMC8473298 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of mycotoxins on grapes poses a high risk for food safety; thus, it is necessary to implement effective prevention methods. In this work, a metagenomic approach revealed the presence of important mycotoxigenic fungi in grape berries, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger aggregate species, or Aspergillus section Circumdati. However, A. carbonarius was not detected in any sample. One of the samples was not contaminated by any mycotoxigenic species, and, therefore, it was selected for the isolation of potential biocontrol agents. In this context, Hanseniaspora uvarum U1 was selected for biocontrol in vitro assays. The results showed that this yeast is able to reduce the growth rate of the main ochratoxigenic and aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. occurring on grapes. Moreover, H. uvarum U1 seems to be an effective detoxifying agent for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, probably mediated by the mechanisms of adsorption to the cell wall and other active mechanisms. Therefore, H. uvarum U1 should be considered in an integrated approach to preventing AFB1 and OTA in grapes due to its potential as a biocontrol and detoxifying agent.
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Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175238. [PMID: 34500671 PMCID: PMC8434385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), belonging to the member of fumonisins, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide. FB1 has caused extensive contamination worldwide, mainly in corn, rice, wheat, and their products, while it also poses a health risk and is toxic to animals and human. It has been shown to cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the current stage of FB1 contamination, its toxic effects of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity on animals and humans. The potential toxic mechanisms of FB1 are discussed. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for understanding the occurrence and toxicity of FB1.
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Chhaya RS, O'Brien J, Cummins E. Feed to fork risk assessment of mycotoxins under climate change influences - recent developments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Efficacy of a Modified Clinoptilolite Based Adsorbent in Reducing Detrimental Effects of Ochratoxin A in Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070469. [PMID: 34357941 PMCID: PMC8310079 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of modified clinoptilolite (Minazel Plus®, MZ) as a mycotoxin adsorbent for preventing the negative the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on performance, pathohistological changes, and OTA residue in the eggs of laying hens. Methods: Forty eight (n = 48) laying hens (27 weeks old) were equally divided into six groups and depending on the type of addition were allocated to the following experimental treatments for 7 weeks: E-I group-1 mg/kg OTA; E-II group 0.25 mg/kg OTA; E-III group 1 mg/kg OTA + 0.2% of MZ; E-IV group 0.25 mg/kg OTA + 0.2% of MZ; MZ group supplemented with 0.2% of the adsorbent; and control (K, without feed additive). Results: Overall, the addition of 0.2% MZ to laying hen feed mitigated the harmful effects of OTA on target organs and reduced the presence of OTA residue in eggs. The groups that received 0.2% of MZ achieved better production results in terms of body weight, number of eggs, and feed consumption, compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: The current findings confirm the efficacy of MZ in preventing performance losses in laying hens exposed to OTA, as well as for improving the welfare and health of food producing animals.
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Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Analysis and Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Grapes and Derived Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that can cause toxic effects in human and animal health. Most of the filamentous fungi that produce these mycotoxins belong to four genera, namely, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. Mycotoxigenic fungi, along with mycotoxins, create a constant and serious economic threat for agriculture in many terms, counting product losses due to crop contamination and food spoilage, as well malnutrition when considering nutritional quality degradation. Given the importance of robust and precise diagnostics of mycotoxins and the related producing fungi in the grape food chain, one of the most important agricultural sectors worldwide, the present review initially delivers a comprehensive presentation of mycotoxin reports on grape and derived products, including a wide range of commodities such as fresh grapes, raisins, wine, juices, and other processed products. Next, based on worldwide regulations’ requirements for mycotoxins, and referring to the relative literature, this work presents methodological approaches for mycotoxin determination, and stresses major methods for the detection of fungal species responsible for mycotoxin production. The principle of function and basic technical background on the available analytical and molecular biology techniques developed—including chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunochemical-based assays, biosensors, and molecular assays—is briefly given, and references for their application to grape and derived product testing are highlighted.
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Jia XX, Li S, Han DP, Chen RP, Yao ZY, Ning BA, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. Development and perspectives of rapid detection technology in food and environment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4706-4725. [PMID: 33523717 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1878101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food safety become a hot issue currently with globalization of food trade and food supply chains. Chemical pollution, microbial contamination and adulteration in food have attracted more attention worldwide. Contamination with antibiotics, estrogens and heavy metals in water environment and soil environment have also turn into an enormous threat to food safety. Traditional small-scale, long-term detection technologies have been unable to meet the current needs. In the monitoring process, rapid, convenient, accurate analysis and detection technologies have become the future development trend. We critically synthesizing the current knowledge of various rapid detection technology, and briefly touched upon the problem which still exist in research process. The review showed that the application of novel materials promotes the development of rapid detection technology, high-throughput and portability would be popular study directions in the future. Of course, the ultimate aim of the research is how to industrialization these technologies and apply to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Peng Han
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Peng Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Ning
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Follow up long term preliminary studies on carcinogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in rats and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon 2020; 190:41-49. [PMID: 33316297 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on liver, kidneys, intestine, lung and eyes of Wistar rats exposed to 10 ppm or 5 ppm OTA in the diet and additionally supplemented or not with phenylalanine (PHE) were examined during 24-months experimental period. OTA was seen to provoke strong degenerative changes and slight pericapillary oedema in most internal organs, e.g. kidneys, liver, intestine, spleen and brain. Six of total nine neoplasms were identified as malignant and three as benign. Five of total six malignant neoplasms and two of total three benign neoplasms were seen in male rats. The pathological finding in rats after two weeks feeding with OTA-contaminated feed was dominated by degenerative changes in various internal organs, which were weaker in the group additionally supplemented with PHE. The protective effect of PHE was evident with respect to OTA-induced decrease of serum glucose and serum protein, but this protection was not singnificant with respect to serum enzymes activity. The number of neoplasms in PHE-supplemented group exposed to 10 ppm OTA was similar to that in the group exposed to twice lower feed levels of OTA alone, suggesting about a possible protective effect of PHE. The rats would not be able to serve as experimental model for humans with regard to OTA-induced tumorigenesis, because the target organ of OTA-toxicity in humans and pigs is mainly the kidney as opposed to the significant damages and carcinogenic effects seen in various organs in rats exposed to OTA.
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Sen C, Ray PR, Bhattacharyya M. A critical review on metabolomic analysis of milk and milk products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Sen
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Pinaki Ranjan Ray
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Mahasweta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
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Huang B, Chen Q, Wang L, Gao X, Zhu W, Mu P, Deng Y. Aflatoxin B1 Induces Neurotoxicity through Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186517. [PMID: 32899983 PMCID: PMC7554769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin widely distributed in a variety of food commodities and exhibits strong toxicity toward multiple tissues and organs. However, little is known about its neurotoxicity and the associated mechanism. In this study, we observed that brain integrity was markedly damaged in mice after intragastric administration of AFB1 (300 μg/kg/day for 30 days). The toxicity of AFB1 on neuronal cells and the underlying mechanisms were then investigated in the neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32. A cell viability assay showed that the IC50 values of AFB1 on IMR-32 cells were 6.18 μg/mL and 5.87 μg/mL after treatment for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. ROS levels in IMR-32 cells increased significantly in a time- and AFB1 concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with the upregulation of NOX2, and downregulation of OXR1, SOD1, and SOD2. Substantial DNA damage associated with the downregulation of PARP1, BRCA2, and RAD51 was also observed. Furthermore, AFB1 significantly induced S-phase arrest, which is associated with the upregulation of CDKN1A, CDKN2C, and CDKN2D. Finally, AFB1 induced apoptosis involving CASP3 and BAX. Taken together, AFB1 manifests a wide range of cytotoxicity on neuronal cells including ROS accumulation, DNA damage, S-phase arrest, and apoptosis-all of which are key factors for understanding the neurotoxicology of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (Y.D.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3860-4967 (Y.D.)
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.H.); (Q.C.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (Y.D.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3860-4967 (Y.D.)
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Stoev SD. Long term preliminary studies on toxic and carcinogenic effect of individual or simultaneous exposure to ochratoxin A and penicillic acid in mice. Toxicon 2020; 184:192-201. [PMID: 32569847 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on liver, kidneys, intestine, muscles and subcutaneous tissue of BALB/c albino mice divided in three experimental and one control groups (30 mice in each group - 15 males and 15 females) and exposed to 10 ppm OTA and/or 50-60 ppm penicillic acid (PA) in the diet were seen. A total 22 neoplasias were found to be induced in the mice during 20 months' experimental period. Among them 14 were malignant and 8 benign. The number of neoplasias was significantly higher in the mice treated simultaneously with OTA and PA (14) compared to those in mice treated with OTA only (8). The number of malignant neoplasias was also higher (14) compared to benign neoplasias (8). Nine of a total fourteen malignant neoplasis and five of a total eight benign neoplasias were seen in the male mice. Pathological changes in mice after two weeks' experimental period were characterized by degenerative changes in kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract, which were better expressed in the mice exposed simultaneously to OTA and PA. A strong synergistic effect was found between OTA and PA towards tumorogenesis. It seems that mice are not a good experimental model for humans with regard to OTA-induced tumourigenesis, because the target organ of OTA-toxicity in humans or pigs is mainly the kidney, but not the liver, intestines, subcutaneous tissue or muscles as seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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Li S, Tian Y, Jiang P, Lin Y, Liu X, Yang H. Recent advances in the application of metabolomics for food safety control and food quality analyses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1448-1469. [PMID: 32441547 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the omics fields, metabolomics has unique advantages in facilitating the understanding of physiological and pathological activities in biology, physiology, pathology, and food science. In this review, based on developments in analytical chemistry tools, cheminformatics, and bioinformatics methods, we highlight the current applications of metabolomics in food safety, food authenticity and quality, and food traceability. Additionally, the combined use of metabolomics with other omics techniques for "foodomics" is comprehensively described. Finally, the latest developments and advances, practical challenges and limitations, and requirements related to the application of metabolomics are critically discussed, providing new insight into the application of metabolomics in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufeng Tian
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Pingyingzi Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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38
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Critical Assessment of Streptomyces spp. Able to Control Toxigenic Fusaria in Cereals: A Literature and Patent Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246119. [PMID: 31817248 PMCID: PMC6941072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species on cereals represent a major concern for food safety worldwide. Fusarium toxins that are currently under regulation for their content in food include trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Biological control of Fusarium spp. has been widely explored with the aim of limiting disease occurrence, but few efforts have focused so far on limiting toxin accumulation in grains. The bacterial genus Streptomyces is responsible for the production of numerous drug molecules and represents a huge resource for the discovery of new molecules. Streptomyces spp. are also efficient plant colonizers and able to employ different mechanisms of control against toxigenic fungi on cereals. This review describes the outcomes of research using Streptomyces strains and/or their derived molecules to limit toxin production and/or contamination of Fusarium species in cereals. Both the scientific and patent literature were analyzed, starting from the year 2000, and we highlight promising results as well as the current pitfalls and limitations of this approach.
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Andersen B, Phippen C, Frisvad JC, Emery S, Eustace RA. Fungal and chemical diversity in hay and wrapped haylage for equine feed. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 36:159-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fusarium Mycotoxins Disrupt the Barrier and Induce IL-6 Release in a Human Placental Epithelium Cell Line. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110665. [PMID: 31739567 PMCID: PMC6891427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone, major Fusarium mycotoxins, contaminate human food on a global level. Exposure to these mycotoxins during pregnancy can lead to abnormalities in neonatal development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on human placental epithelial cells. As an in vitro model of placental barrier, BeWo cells were exposed to different concentrations of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or T-2 toxin. Cytotoxicity, effects on barrier integrity, paracellular permeability along with mRNA and protein expression and localization of junctional proteins after exposure were evaluated. Induction of proinflammatory responses was determined by measuring cytokine production. Increasing mycotoxin concentrations affect BeWo cell viability, and T-2 toxin was more toxic compared to other mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin caused significant barrier disruption, altered protein and mRNA expression of junctional proteins, and induced irregular cellular distribution. Although the effects of zearalenone on barrier integrity were less prominent, all tested mycotoxins were able to induce inflammation as measured by IL-6 release. Overall, Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt the barrier of BeWo cells by altering the expression and structure of junctional proteins and trigger proinflammatory responses. These changes in placental barrier may disturb the maternal–fetal interaction and adversely affect fetal development.
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Wang X, Bai Y, Huang H, Tu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Luo H, Yao B, Su X. Degradation of Aflatoxin B 1 and Zearalenone by Bacterial and Fungal Laccases in Presence of Structurally Defined Chemicals and Complex Natural Mediators. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100609. [PMID: 31652557 PMCID: PMC6832423 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) exert deleterious effects to human and animal health. In this study, the ability of a CotA laccase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCotA) to degrade these two mycotoxins was first investigated. Among the nine structurally defined chemical compounds, methyl syringate was the most efficient mediator assisting BsCotA to degrade AFB1 (98.0%) and ZEN (100.0%). BsCotA could also use plant extracts, including the Epimedium brevicornu, Cucumis sativus L., Lavandula angustifolia, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia extracts to degrade AFB1 and ZEN. Using hydra and BLYES as indicators, it was demonstrated that the degraded products of AFB1 and ZEN using the laccase/mediator systems were detoxified. Finally, a laccase of fungal origin was also able to degrade AFB1 and ZEN in the presence of the discovered mediators. The findings shed light on the possibility of using laccases and a mediator, particularly a natural plant-derived complex mediator, to simultaneously degrade AFB1 and ZEN contaminants in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Souto N, Dassi M, Braga A, Rosa E, Fighera M, Royes L, Oliveira M, Furian A. Behavioural and biochemical effects of one-week exposure to aflatoxin B1 and aspartame in male Wistar rats. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Food products are susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands as the most toxic among them. AFB1 intoxication results in distinct signs, including widespread systemic toxicity. Aspartame (ASP) is an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in many products, and compelling evidence indicates ASP can be toxic. Interestingly, mechanisms underlying ASP and AFB1 toxicity involve oxidative stress. In this context, concomitant use of ASP and AFB1 in a meal may predispose to currently unidentified behavioural and biochemical changes. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of AFB1 (250 μg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)) and/or ASP (75 mg/kg, i.g.) exposure for 7 days on behavioural and biochemical markers of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. AFB1 and/or ASP increased hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity when compared to controls. In the kidneys, increased GST activity was detected in AFB1 and AFB1+ASP groups. In addition, AFB1 and or ASP elicited behavioural changes in the open field, marble burying and splash tests, however no additive effects were detected. Altogether, present data suggest AFB1 and ASP predispose to anxiety- and obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms, as well as to enzymatic defence system imbalance in liver and kidney of Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Souto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 43, Sala 4217, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M. Dassi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 43, Sala 4217, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A.C.M. Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - E.V.F. Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M.R. Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L.F.F. Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M.S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A.F. Furian
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 43, Sala 4217, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Prevalent Mycotoxins in Animal Feed: Occurrence and Analytical Methods. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050290. [PMID: 31121952 PMCID: PMC6563184 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, we have been witnessing a steady tendency in the increase of global demand for maize, wheat, soybeans, and their products due to the steady growth and strengthening of the livestock industry. Thus, animal feed safety has gradually become more important, with mycotoxins representing one of the most significant hazards. Mycotoxins comprise different classes of secondary metabolites of molds. With regard to animal feed, aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are the more prevalent ones. In this review, several constraints posed by these contaminants at economical and commercial levels will be discussed, along with the legislation established in the European Union to restrict mycotoxins levels in animal feed. In addition, the occurrence of legislated mycotoxins in raw materials and their by-products for the feeds of interest, as well as in the feeds, will be reviewed. Finally, an overview of the different sample pretreatment and detection techniques reported for mycotoxin analysis will be presented, the main weaknesses of current methods will be highlighted.
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Changes in masked forms of deoxynivalenol and their co-occurrence with culmorin in cereal-based products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Chem 2019; 294:587-596. [PMID: 31126504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the fate of D3G, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON during various processing steps (milling, fermentation, baking and cooking with water) of different cereal-based products, as well as the co-occurrence of culmorin (CUL) and its derivatives (15-Hydroxy-CUL and 5-Hydroxy-CUL. Some databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were screened to collect the relevant published papers between January 1983 to October 2018, and 23 articles with 319 data were included. The baking resulted in reductions in the concentration of all types of investigated masked mycotoxins, i.e., 15-ADON (-25%) > 3-ADON (-15%) > D3G (-6%). Also, rank order of CUL and its derivatives based on occurrence was CUL (70%) > 15-Hydroxy-CUL (47%) > 5-Hydroxy-CUL (15%) and their rank based on their concentration was 5-Hydroxy-CUL (99.21 µg/kg) > CUL (48.84 µg/kg) > 15-Hydroxy-CUL (9.39 µg/kg) > Hydroxy -CUL (0.06 µg/kg) > 12-Hydroxy-CUL (0.05 µg/kg) > 14-Hydroxy-CUL (0.01 µg/kg).
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Ying C, Hong W, Nianhui Z, Chunlei W, Kehe H, Cuiling P. Nontoxic concentrations of OTA aggravate DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:114-124. [PMID: 31026484 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is well-known enteropathogenic mycotoxin which can alter intestinal barrier functions. Consistently, Ochratoxin A (OTA) ingestion has been found to induce intestinal injuries, including inflammation and diarrhea. However, little is known whether OTA aggravates DON-induced toxicity. This study is designed to explore the effects of OTA on DON-induced intestinal barrier function and involved mechanism. Our results showed either DON or OTA could disrupt intestinal barrier function in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased paracellular permeability to 4 kDa dextran. However, to eliminate the involvement of cell death, nonlethal concentrations of DON and OTA were used in following experiments. The nontoxic concentration of OTA was observed to aggravate DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, accompanied with tight junction disruption (Claudin-3 and Claudin-4). Moreover, nontoxic concentrations of OTA aggravated DON-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) alleviated the aggravating effects of nontoxic concentrations of OTA on DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation. These findings indicate that nontoxic concentrations of OTA promoted DON-induced barrier dysfunction via NF-κB signaling pathway. Our experiment suggests that exposure to nontoxic concentrations of toxins also poses potentially harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ying
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhai Nianhui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Chunlei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huang Kehe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pan Cuiling
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Czembor E, Waśkiewicz A, Piechota U, Puchta M, Czembor JH, Stȩpień Ł. Differences in Ear Rot Resistance and Fusarium verticillioides-Produced Fumonisin Contamination Between Polish Currently and Historically Used Maize Inbred Lines. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:449. [PMID: 30936854 PMCID: PMC6431649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poland is the fifth largest European country, in terms of maize production. Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are significant diseases affecting yield and causing grain mycotoxin contamination. Inbred lines, which are commonly used in Polish breeding programs, belong, mostly, to two distinct genetic categories: flint and dent. However, historically used lines belonging to the heterotic Lancaster, IDT and SSS groups were also present in previous Polish breeding programs. In the current study, 98 inbred lines were evaluated across a 2-year-long experiment, after inoculation with F. verticillioides and under natural infection conditions. Lancaster, IDT, SSS and SSS/IDT groups were characterized as the most susceptible ones and flint as the more resistant. Based on the results obtained, the moderately resistant and most susceptible genotypes were defined to determine the content of fumonisins (FBs) in kernel and cob fractions using the HPLC method. Fumonisin's content was higher in the grain samples collected from inoculated plants than in cobs. The association of visible Fusarium symptoms with fumonisin concentration in grain samples was significant. Conversely, the cobs contained more FB1 under natural infection, which may be related to a pathogen's type of growth, infection time or presence of competitive species. Using ddRADseq genome sampling method it was possible to distinguish a basal relationship between moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes. Genetic distance between maize genotypes was high. Moderately resistant inbreed lines, which belong to IDT and IDT/SSS belong to one haplotype. Genotypes which belong to the flint, dent or Lancaster group, and were characterized as moderately resistant were classified separately as the same susceptible one. This research has demonstrated that currently grown Polish inbred lines, as well the ones used in the past are a valid source of resistance to Fusarium ear rot. A strong association was observed between visible Fusarium symptoms with fumonisin concentration in grain samples, suggesting that selection in maize for reduced visible molds should reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination. NGS techniques provide new tools for overcoming the long selection process and increase the breeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Czembor
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - NRI, Radzikow, Blonie, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Piechota
- National Centre for Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - NRI, Radzikow, Blonie, Poland
| | - Marta Puchta
- National Centre for Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - NRI, Radzikow, Blonie, Poland
| | - Jerzy H Czembor
- National Centre for Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - NRI, Radzikow, Blonie, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stȩpień
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Fusarium mycotoxins and in vitro species-specific approach with porcine intestinal and brain in vitro barriers: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:666-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, El-Nekeety AA, Hassan NS, Gibriel AAY, Abdel-Wahhab KG. Encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil in whey protein enhances the protective effect against single or combined sub-chronic toxicity of fumonisin B 1 and/or aflatoxin B 1 in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29144-29161. [PMID: 30112645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are fungal metabolites that frequently co-occur in foodstuffs and are responsible for mycotoxicosis and several primary cancers. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has a spacious range of benefit effects but also has some limitations owing to its strong taste or its interaction with some drugs. This study aimed to use the cinnamon oil emulsion droplets (COED) for the protection against oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats sub-chronically exposed to FB1 and/or AFB1. The composition of CEO was identified using GC-MS then was encapsulated using whey protein as wall material. Male rats were divided into eight groups and treated orally for 8 weeks as follows: control group, AFB1-trreated group (80 μg/kg b.w), FB1-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w), FB1 plus AFB1-treated group, and the groups treated with COED plus FB1 and/or AFB1. Blood and samples of the kidney, liver, and testis were collected for different analysis and histopathological examination. The GC-MS analysis revealed that cinnamaldehyde, α-copaene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene, and delta-cadinene were the main compounds in COE. The average size of COED was 235 ± 1.4 nm and the zeta potential was - 6.24 ± 0.56. Treatment with FB1 and/or AFB1 induced significant disturbances in the serum biochemical analysis, oxidative stress parameters, DNA fragmentation, gene expression, and testosterone and severe pathological changes in the tested organs. Moreover, treatment with both mycotoxins induced synergistic toxic effects. COED did not induce toxic effects and could normalize the majority of the tested parameters and improve the histological picture in rats treated with FB1 and/or AFB1. It could be concluded that COED induce potential protective effects against the single or combined exposure to FB1 and AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Y Gibriel
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Research & Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
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