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Salimi Z, Afsharinasab M, Rostami M, Eshaghi Milasi Y, Mousavi Ezmareh SF, Sakhaei F, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Iron chelators: as therapeutic agents in diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2759-2776. [PMID: 38694398 PMCID: PMC11060230 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concentration of iron is tightly regulated, making it an essential element. Various cellular processes in the body rely on iron, such as oxygen sensing, oxygen transport, electron transfer, and DNA synthesis. Iron excess can be toxic because it participates in redox reactions that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species and elevate oxidative stress. Iron chelators are chemically diverse; they can coordinate six ligands in an octagonal sequence. Because of the ability of chelators to trap essential metals, including iron, they may be involved in diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Iron-chelating agents, by tightly binding to iron, prohibit it from functioning as a catalyst in redox reactions and transfer iron and excrete it from the body. Thus, the use of iron chelators as therapeutic agents has received increasing attention. This review investigates the function of various iron chelators in treating iron overload in different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Mehdi Afsharinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Ezmareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Fariba Sakhaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Wudhikulprapan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Kumfu S. Iron overload and programmed bone marrow cell death: Potential mechanistic insights. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109954. [PMID: 38432564 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload has detrimental effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), cells crucial for bone marrow homeostasis and hematopoiesis support. Excessive iron accumulation leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell death, cell cycle arrest, and disruption of vital cellular pathways. Although apoptosis has been extensively studied, other programmed cell death mechanisms including autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis also play significant roles in iron overload-induced bone marrow cell death. Studies have highlighted the involvement of ROS production, DNA damage, MAPK pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction in apoptosis. In addition, autophagy and ferroptosis are activated, as shown by the degradation of cellular components and lipid peroxidation, respectively. However, several compounds and antioxidants show promise in mitigating iron overload-induced cell death by modulating ROS levels, MAPK pathways, and mitochondrial integrity. Despite early indications, more comprehensive research and clinical studies are needed to better understand the interplay between these programmed cell death mechanisms and enable development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review article emphasizes the importance of studying multiple cell death pathways simultaneously and investigating potential rescuers to combat iron overload-induced bone marrow cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanat Wudhikulprapan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Mehta KJ. Iron-Related Genes and Proteins in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Detection and Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1773-1784. [PMID: 37269528 PMCID: PMC10238768 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues of the body. These cells exhibit regenerative and reparative properties, which makes them highly valuable for cell-based therapy. Despite this, majority of MSC-related studies remain to be translated for regular clinical use. This is partly because there are methodical challenges in pre-administration MSC labelling, post-administration detection and tracking of cells, and in retention of maximal therapeutic potential in-vivo. This calls for exploration of alternative or adjunctive approaches that would enable better detection of transplanted MSCs via non-invasive methods and enhance MSC therapeutic potential in-vivo. Interestingly, these attributes have been demonstrated by some iron-related genes and proteins.Accordingly, this unique forward-looking article integrates the apparently distinct fields of iron metabolism and MSC biology, and reviews the utility of iron-related genes and iron-related proteins in facilitating MSC detection and therapy, respectively. Effects of genetic overexpression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, transferrin receptor-1 and MagA in MSCs and their utilisation as reporter genes for improving MSC detection in-vivo are critically evaluated. In addition, the beneficial effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine and the iron-related proteins haem oxygenase-1, lipocalin-2, lactoferrin, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and hepcidin in enhancing MSC therapeutics are highlighted with the consequent intracellular alterations in MSCs. This review aims to inform both regenerative and translational medicine. It can aid in formulating better methodical approaches that will improve, complement, or provide alternatives to the current pre-transplantation MSC labelling procedures, and enhance MSC detection or augment the post-transplantation MSC therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Puja H, Mislin GLA, Rigouin C. Engineering Siderophore Biosynthesis and Regulation Pathways to Increase Diversity and Availability. Biomolecules 2023; 13:959. [PMID: 37371539 PMCID: PMC10296737 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are small metal chelators synthesized by numerous organisms to access iron. These secondary metabolites are ubiquitously present on Earth, and because their production represents the main strategy to assimilate iron, they play an important role in both positive and negative interactions between organisms. In addition, siderophores are used in biotechnology for diverse applications in medicine, agriculture and the environment. The generation of non-natural siderophore analogs provides a new opportunity to create new-to-nature chelating biomolecules that can offer new properties to expand applications. This review summarizes the main strategies of combinatorial biosynthesis that have been used to generate siderophore analogs. We first provide a brief overview of siderophore biosynthesis, followed by a description of the strategies, namely, precursor-directed biosynthesis, the design of synthetic or heterologous pathways and enzyme engineering, used in siderophore biosynthetic pathways to create diversity. In addition, this review highlights the engineering strategies that have been used to improve the production of siderophores by cells to facilitate their downstream utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Puja
- CNRS-UMR7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France (G.L.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), Université de Strasbourg, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Gaëtan L. A. Mislin
- CNRS-UMR7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France (G.L.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), Université de Strasbourg, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Coraline Rigouin
- CNRS-UMR7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France (G.L.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), Université de Strasbourg, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Yang F, Wu Z, Dai D, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xu Y. The iron chelator deferoxamine decreases myeloma cell survival. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520987396. [PMID: 33478296 PMCID: PMC7841871 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520987396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated serum ferritin (SF) levels and investigated their relationships with various clinical markers in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Furthermore, the effects and molecular mechanism of deferoxamine (DFO) in myeloma cells were studied. METHODS Clinical data from 84 patients with MM were collected to evaluate SF content and its relationship with several important clinical parameters. MM1S and MM1R myeloma cells were chosen to investigate the effects of iron and DFO on cell survival and apoptosis. RESULTS Increased SF levels were detected in newly diagnosed patients, especially those with stage III disease or the κ isotype. SF content was positively correlated with β2-microglobulin, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase expression. Furthermore, patients with progressive or relapsed disease had higher SF levels. Importantly, iron chelation with DFO efficiently inhibited myeloma cell survival and accelerated apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS The importance of SF for MM was highlighted. Additionally, it is suggested that DFO may be a good therapeutic option for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuqun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Antineoplastic behavior of polydopamine nanoparticles prepared in different water/alcohol media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111506. [PMID: 33338881 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine nanoparticles (PD NPs) have been synthesized in the present work through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine in aqueous media containing five different types of alcohol in a constant solvent volume ratio. We have shown that the type of alcohol, along with the ammonium hydroxide concentration used in the synthesis process, conditions particle size. Additionally, it has been found that the type of alcohol employed influences the well-known capacity of polydopamine nanoparticles to adsorb iron. As a consequence, since a ferroptosis-like mechanism may account for the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles, the type of alcohol could also have a determining role in their antineoplastic activity. Here, the existence of a correlation between the ability of polydopamine nanoparticles to load Fe3+ and their toxic effect on breast cancer cells has been proven. For instance, nanoparticles synthesized using 2-propanol adsorbed more Fe3+ and had the greatest capacity to reduce breast tumor cell viability. Moreover, none of the nanoparticle synthesized with the different alcohols significantly decreased normal cell survival. Cancer cells present greater iron-dependence than healthy cells and this fact may explain why polydopamine nanoparticles toxicity, in which Fenton chemistry could be implicated, seems tumor-specific.
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The Role of Deferoxamine in Irradiated Breast Reconstruction: A Study of Oncologic Safety. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1666-1676. [PMID: 30907808 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy plays an essential role in the oncologic management of breast cancer. However, patients who undergo radiotherapy experience significantly more wound complications during the reconstructive process. Deferoxamine has immense potential to up-regulate angiogenesis and improve reconstructive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of deferoxamine on breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro, to delineate oncologic safety concerns regarding the use of deferoxamine as a regenerative therapeutic. METHODS The dose-dependent effect of radiation and deferoxamine on two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) was determined by means of MTS (percentage cell viability) and tumorsphere (sphere number) analysis. Radiation therapy and deferoxamine were delivered both individually and in combination, and all experiments were completed in triplicate. Intracellular iron, nuclear factor-κB localization, and apoptosis/necrosis assays were performed to delineate mechanism. Analysis of variance statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (p < 0.05). RESULTS For both cell lines, percentage viability and sphere number significantly decreased following exposure to 10 Gy of radiation. Surprisingly, the administration of 25 µM deferoxamine also significantly decreased each metric. The administration of deferoxamine (100 µM) in combination with radiation (10 Gy) resulted in significantly reduced percentage viability and sphere number compared with the administration of radiation alone. Deferoxamine treatment decreased intracellular iron, suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation, and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Radiation and deferoxamine significantly decrease breast cancer proliferation when delivered independently and in combination, suggesting deferoxamine may be safely used to facilitate improved reconstructive outcomes among triple-negative breast cancer survivors. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Yang Y, Xu Y, Su A, Yang D, Zhang X. Effects of Deferoxamine on Leukemia In Vitro and Its Related Mechanism. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6735-6741. [PMID: 30246777 PMCID: PMC6180944 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of deferoxamine (DFO) on leukemia in vitro, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Material/Methods K562 leukemia cells were treated with various concentrations of DFO (10, 50, and 100 μmol/l) with or without 10 μmol/l ferric chloride for 12 h. Then, total cellular iron was detected. CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry were used for cell viability and apoptosis detection. In addition, expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The results suggested that DFO significantly inhibited K562 cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that the protein and mRNA levels of Bax, p53, and Fas dose-dependently increased in DFO-treated K562 cells, while the level of Bcl-2 markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the findings showed that ferric chloride eliminated these effects on K562 cells caused by DFO treatment. Conclusions Our results indicate that DFO plays a protective role in leukemia via inhibiting leukemia cell viability and inducing cell apoptosis by the regulation of apoptosis-related genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ailing Su
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Dhusia K, Bajpai A, Ramteke PW. Overcoming antibiotic resistance: Is siderophore Trojan horse conjugation an answer to evolving resistance in microbial pathogens? J Control Release 2017; 269:63-87. [PMID: 29129658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of siderophore biosynthesis pathway in pathogens provides potential targets for antibiotics and host drug delivery as a part of computationally feasible microbial therapy. Iron acquisition using siderophore models is an essential and well established model in all microorganisms and microbial infections a known to cause great havoc to both plant and animal. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial as well as fungal pathogens has drawn us at a verge where one has to get rid of the traditional way of obstructing pathogen using single or multiple antibiotic/chemical inhibitors or drugs. 'Trojan horse' strategy is an answer to this imperative call where antibiotic are by far sneaked into the pathogenic cell via the siderophore receptors at cell and outer membrane. This antibiotic once gets inside, generates a 'black hole' scenario within the opportunistic pathogens via iron scarcity. For pathogens whose siderophore are not compatible to smuggle drug due to their complex conformation and stiff valence bonds, there is another approach. By means of the siderophore biosynthesis pathways, potential targets for inhibition of these siderophores in pathogenic bacteria could be achieved and thus control pathogenic virulence. Method to design artificial exogenous siderophores for pathogens that would compete and succeed the battle of intake is also covered with this review. These manipulated siderophore would enter pathogenic cell like any other siderophore but will not disperse iron due to which iron inadequacy and hence pathogens control be accomplished. The aim of this review is to offer strategies to overcome the microbial infections/pathogens using siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhusia
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
| | - Archana Bajpai
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - P W Ramteke
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
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