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Mangotra A, Singh SK. Volatile organic compounds: A threat to the environment and health hazards to living organisms - A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:51-69. [PMID: 38242502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the organic compounds having a minimum vapor pressure of 0.13 kPa at standard temperature and pressure (293 K, 101 kPa). Being used as a solvent for organic and inorganic compounds, they have a wide range of applications. Most of the VOCs are non-biodegradable and very easily become component of the environment and deplete its purity. It also deteriorates the water quality index of the water bodies, impairs the physiology of living beings, enters the food chain by bio-magnification and degrades, decomposes and manipulates the physiology of living organisms. To unveil the adverse impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their rapid eruption and interference in the living world, a review has been designed. This review presents an insight into the currently available VOCs, their sources, applications, sampling methods, analytic procedures, imposition on the health of aquatic and terrestrial communities and their contamination of the environment. Elaboration has been done on representation of toxicological effects of VOCs on vertebrates, invertebrates, and birds. Subsequently, the role of environmental agencies in the protection of environment has also been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mangotra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Singh
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
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Oleforuh-Okoleh VU, Sikiru AB, Kakulu II, Fakae BB, Obianwuna UE, Shoyombo AJ, Adeolu AI, Ollor OA, Emeka OC. Improving hydrocarbon toxicity tolerance in poultry: role of genes and antioxidants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1060138. [PMID: 37388938 PMCID: PMC10302211 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustenance of smallholder poultry production as an alternative source of food security and income is imperative in communities exposed to hydrocarbon pollution. Exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants causes disruption of homeostasis, thereby compromising the genetic potential of the birds. Oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction of the cellular membrane is a contributing factor in the mechanism of hydrocarbon toxicity. Epidemiological studies show that tolerance to hydrocarbon exposure may be caused by the activation of genes that control disease defense pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Disparity in the mechanism and level of tolerance to hydrocarbon fragments among species may exist and may result in variations in gene expression within individuals of the same species upon exposure. Genomic variability is critical for adaptation and serves as a survival mechanism in response to environmental pollutants. Understanding the interplay of diverse genetic mechanisms in relation to environmental influences is important for exploiting the differences in various genetic variants. Protection against pollutant-induced physiological responses using dietary antioxidants can mitigate homeostasis disruptions. Such intervention may initiate epigenetic modulation relevant to gene expression of hydrocarbon tolerance, enhancing productivity, and possibly future development of hydrocarbon-tolerant breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akeem B. Sikiru
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Iyenemi I. Kakulu
- Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Barineme B. Fakae
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayoola J. Shoyombo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Science, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale I. Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Animal Science Programme, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Ollor A. Ollor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechi C. Emeka
- Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Development and Applications of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) CYP1A-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody (CRC4) with Reactivity across Vertebrate Taxa: Evidence for a Conserved CYP1A Epitope. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070404. [PMID: 35878309 PMCID: PMC9320060 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A is a heme-thiolate enzyme associated with the cytochrome P4501A1 monooxygenase system and is inducible by a wide variety of xenobiotics and endogenous ligands that bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR-CYP1A axis is important for detoxification of certain xenobiotics and for homeostatic balance of endogenous sex hormones, amine hormones, vitamins, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Herein, we generated and described applications of a zebrafish CYP1A-targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb CRC4) that fortuitously recognizes induced CYP1A across vertebrate taxa, including fish, chicken, mouse, rat, and human. We then demonstrated that mAb CRC4 targets a highly conserved epitope signature of vertebrate CYP1A. The unique complimentary determining region (CDR) sequences of heavy and light chains were determined, and these Ig sequences will allow for the expression of recombinant mAb CRC4, thus superseding the need for long-term hybridoma maintenance. This antibody works well for immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as whole-mounted IHC in zebrafish embryos. Monoclonal antibody CRC4 may be particularly useful for studying the AHR-CYP1A axis in multiple vertebrate species and within the context of Oceans and Human Health research. By using archived samples, when possible, we actively promoted efforts to reduce, replace, and refine studies involving live animals.
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Ruberg EJ, King MD, Elliott JE, Tomy GT, Idowu I, Vermette ML, Williams TD. Effects of diluted bitumen exposure on the survival, physiology, and behaviour of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113071. [PMID: 34915220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diluted bitumen (dilbit) is an unconventional crude petroleum increasingly being extracted and transported to market by pipeline and tanker. Despite the transport of dilbit through terrestrial, aquatic, and coastal habitat important to diverse bird fauna, toxicity data are currently only available for fish and invertebrates. We used the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as a tractable, avian model system to investigate exposure effects of lightly weathered Cold Lake blend dilbit on survival, tissue residue, and a range of physiological and behavioural endpoints. Birds were exposed via oral gavage over 14-days with dosages of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 mL dilbit/kg bw/day. We identified an LD50 of 9.4 mL/kg/d dilbit, with complete mortality at 12 mL/kg/d. Mortality was associated with mass loss, external oiling, decreased pectoral and heart mass, and increased liver mass. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) was elevated in all dilbit-dosed birds compared with controls but there was limited evidence of sublethal effects of dilbit on physiological endpoints at doses < 10 mL/kg/d (hematocrit, hemoglobin, total antioxidants, and reactive oxygen metabolites). Dilbit exposure affected behavior, with more dilbit-treated birds foraging away from the feeder, more birds sleeping or idle at low dilbit doses, and fewer birds huddling together at high dilbit doses. Naphthalene, dibenzothiophene, and their alkylated congeners in particular (e.g. C2-napthalene and C2-dibenzothiophene) accumulated in the liver at greater concentrations in dilbit-treated birds compared to controls. Although directly comparable studies in the zebra finch are limited, our mortality data suggest that dilbit is more toxic than the well-studied MC252 conventional light crude oil with this exposure regime. A lack of overt sublethal effects at lower doses, but effects on body mass and composition, behaviour, high mortality, and elevated PAC residue at doses ≥ 10 mL/kg/d suggest a threshold effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Ruberg
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Division, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ifeoluwa Idowu
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Melissa L Vermette
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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King MD, Elliott JE, Marlatt V, Crump D, Idowu I, Wallace SJ, Tomy GT, Williams TD. Effects of Avian Eggshell Oiling With Diluted Bitumen Show Sublethal Embryonic Polycyclic Aromatic Compound Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:159-174. [PMID: 34918379 PMCID: PMC9299908 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breeding birds that become oiled may contaminate the shells of their eggs, and studies of conventional crude oil suggest that even small quantities can be absorbed through the eggshell and cause embryotoxicity. Unconventional crude oils remain untested, so we evaluated whether a major Canadian oil sands product, diluted bitumen (dilbit), would be absorbed and cause toxicity when applied to eggshells of two species, domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum). We artificially incubated eggs and applied lightly weathered dilbit (Cold Lake blend) to the eggshells (0.015-0.15 mg g-1 egg in chicken; 0.1-0.4 mg g-1 egg in cormorant) at various points during incubation before sampling prehatch embryos. Polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) residue in cormorant embryos was elevated only at the highest dilbit application (0.4 mg g-1 egg) closest (day 16) to sampling on day 22. In contrast, cormorant liver cytochrome P450 1a4 (Cyp1a4) mRNA expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay) was elevated only in embryos treated with the earliest and lowest dilbit application (0.1 mg g-1 egg on day 4). These results confirm that dilbit can cross through the eggshell and be absorbed by embryos, and they imply rapid biotransformation of PACs and a nonmonotonic Cyp1a4 response. Despite evidence of exposure in cormorant, we found no detectable effects on the frequency of survival, deformity, and gross lesions, nor did we find effects on physiological endpoints indicative of growth and cardiovascular function in either chicken or cormorant. In ovo dilbit exposure may be less toxic than well-studied conventional crude oils. The effects of an oil spill scenario involving dilbit to bird embryos might be subtle, and PACs may be rapidly metabolized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:159-174. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D. King
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John E. Elliott
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Vicki Marlatt
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ifeoluwa Idowu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Sarah J. Wallace
- Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Eau Terre EnvironnementQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gregg T. Tomy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Tony D. Williams
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Crude oil exploration in Africa: socio-economic implications, environmental impacts, and mitigation strategies. ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS & DECISIONS 2022; 42:26-50. [PMID: 34401215 PMCID: PMC8358551 DOI: 10.1007/s10669-021-09827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil exploration is a source of significant revenue in Africa via trade and investment since its discovery in the mid-19th Century. Crude oil has bolstered the continent's economy and improved the wellbeing of the citizenry. Historically, Africa has suffered from conflicts due to uneven redistribution of crude oil revenue and severe environmental pollution. Advancements in geophysical survey techniques, such as magnetic and gravity methods, to seismic methods, have made the commercial exploration of crude oil possible for some other countries in Africa apart from Nigeria, Angola, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt. The occurrence of organic-rich, oil-prone Type I, II, and mixed II/III kerogens in sedimentary basins and entrapment within reservoir rocks with intrinsic petrophysical properties are majorly responsible for the large deposits of hydrocarbon in Africa. The unethical practices by some multinational oil corporations have resulted in social movements against them by host communities and human rights groups. The unscrupulous diversion of public funds, award of oil blocks, and production rights to certain individuals have impaired economic growth in Africa. The over-dependence on crude oil revenues has caused the economic recession in oil-producing countries due to plummeting oil prices and global pandemic. Most host communities of crude oil deposits suffer from a lack of infrastructure, arable soils, clean water, and their functioning capabilities are violated by crude oil exploratory activities, without adequate compensations and remedial actions taken by oil companies and the government. Thus, this review examines crude oil exploration in Africa and provides insight into the environmental and socio-economic implications of crude oil exploration in Africa. Furthermore, this report highlights some recommendations that may ensure ethical and sustainable practices toward minimizing negative impacts and improving the quality of life in affected communities.
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Richard FJ, Southern I, Gigauri M, Bellini G, Rojas O, Runde A. Warning on nine pollutants and their effects on avian communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Takeshita R, Bursian SJ, Colegrove KM, Collier TK, Deak K, Dean KM, De Guise S, DiPinto LM, Elferink CJ, Esbaugh AJ, Griffitt RJ, Grosell M, Harr KE, Incardona JP, Kwok RK, Lipton J, Mitchelmore CL, Morris JM, Peters ES, Roberts AP, Rowles TK, Rusiecki JA, Schwacke LH, Smith CR, Wetzel DL, Ziccardi MH, Hall AJ. A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates: what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:355-394. [PMID: 34542016 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1975182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies, academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab- and field-based research to understand the toxic effects of the oil. Lab testing was performed with a variety of fish, birds, turtles, and vertebrate cell lines (as well as invertebrates); field biologists conducted observations on fish, birds, turtles, and marine mammals; and epidemiologists carried out observational studies in humans. Eight years after the spill, scientists and resource managers held a workshop to summarize the similarities and differences in the effects of DWH oil on vertebrate taxa and to identify remaining gaps in our understanding of oil toxicity in wildlife and humans, building upon the cross-taxonomic synthesis initiated during the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Across the studies, consistency was found in the types of toxic response observed in the different organisms. Impairment of stress responses and adrenal gland function, cardiotoxicity, immune system dysfunction, disruption of blood cells and their function, effects on locomotion, and oxidative damage were observed across taxa. This consistency suggests conservation in the mechanisms of action and disease pathogenesis. From a toxicological perspective, a logical progression of impacts was noted: from molecular and cellular effects that manifest as organ dysfunction, to systemic effects that compromise fitness, growth, reproductive potential, and survival. From a clinical perspective, adverse health effects from DWH oil spill exposure formed a suite of signs/symptomatic responses that at the highest doses/concentrations resulted in multi-organ system failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Takeshita
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Kathleen M Colegrove
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Brookfield, Illinois, United States
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Zoological Pathology Program, Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States
| | - Kristina Deak
- College of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | | | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lisa M DiPinto
- Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Cornelis J Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulfport, Mississippi, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | | | - John P Incardona
- NOAA Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Carys L Mitchelmore
- University of Maryland Center of Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Morris
- Health and Environment Division, Abt Associates, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Edward S Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, LSU School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Teresa K Rowles
- NOAA Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer A Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Cynthia R Smith
- Conservation Medicine, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Dana L Wetzel
- Environmental Laboratory of Forensics, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Michael H Ziccardi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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do Amaral-Silva L, Rojas-Antich MC, Dubansky B, Tazawa H, Burggren WW. Embryotoxicity and Physiological Compensation in Chicken Embryos Exposed to Crude Oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2347-2358. [PMID: 33930207 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial, marine, or aquatic oil spills can directly or indirectly contaminate bird eggs. We hypothesized that chicken embryos exposed to crude oil can physiologically compensate to mitigate the potentially toxic effect of lower doses of oil. Embryos exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 5 µL of oil on embryonic days 4 and 10 were initially analyzed for mortality. All oil doses decreased day 4 embryo survival, but only the 2 highest oil doses lowered survival when applied on day 10. Thus, day 15 embryos treated with 1, 3, and 5 µL of source oil on day 10 had arterialized blood analyzed. The hematological variables hematocrit, red blood cell concentration ([RBC]), and hemoglobin concentration increased in response to 1 µL, were unchanged by 3 µL, and decreased by 5 µL of oil treatment. No changes occurred in arterialized blood gas variables (partial pressure of O2 [PO2 ], pH, bicarbonate concentration) for 1 and 3 µL embryos, but 5 µL of oil decreased PO2 and caused metabolic acidosis. Increased blood lactate in embryos treated with 3 and 5 µL of oil was correlated with decreased hematocrit and [RBC] and increased body mass, the latter likely reflecting edema. We conclude that embryos in middle development physiologically compensated for negative effects of lower doses of crude oil but that higher doses of oil were harmful to the embryos at all developmental stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2347-2358. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara do Amaral-Silva
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
- Integrative Thermal Physiology, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Rojas-Antich
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Bautista NM, do Amaral-Silva L, Dzialowski E, Burggren WW. Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Crude Oil Affects Physiological and Morphological Phenotype in Adults and Their Eggs and Hatchlings of the King Quail ( Coturnix chinensis). Front Physiol 2021; 12:661943. [PMID: 33897469 PMCID: PMC8063051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current knowledge of the devastating effects of external exposure to crude oil on animal mortality, the study of developmental, transgenerational effects of such exposure has received little attention. We used the king quail as an animal model to determine if chronic dietary exposure to crude oil in a parental population would affect morpho-physiological phenotypic variables in their immediate offspring generation. Adult quail were separated into three groups: (1) Control, and two experimental groups dietarily exposed for at least 3 weeks to (2) Low (800 PAH ng/g food), or (3) High (2,400 PAH ng/g food) levels of crude oil. To determine the parental influence on their offspring, we measured metabolic and respiratory physiology in exposed parents and in their non-exposed eggs and hatchlings. Body mass and numerous metabolic (e.g., O2 consumption, CO2 production) and respiratory (e.g., ventilation frequency and volume) variables did not vary between control and oil exposed parental groups. In contrast, blood PO2, PCO2, and SO2 varied among parental groups. Notably, water loss though the eggshell was increased in eggs from High oil level exposed parents. Respiratory variables of hatchlings did not vary between populations, but hatchlings obtained from High oil-exposed parents exhibited lower capacities to maintain body temperature while exposed to a cooling protocol in comparison to hatchlings from Low- and Control-derived parents. The present study demonstrates that parental exposure to crude oil via diet impacts some aspects of physiological performance of the subsequent first (F1) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim M Bautista
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Lara do Amaral-Silva
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward Dzialowski
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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King MD, Elliott JE, Williams TD. Effects of petroleum exposure on birds: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142834. [PMID: 33109373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Birds are vulnerable to petroleum pollution, and exposure has a range of negative effects resulting from plumage fouling, systemic toxicity, and embryotoxicity. Recent research has not been synthesized since Leighton's 1993 review despite the continued discharge of conventional petroleum, including high-volume oil spills and chronic oil pollution, as well as the emergence of understudied unconventional crude oil types. To address this, we reviewed the individual-level effects of crude oil and refined fuel exposure in avifauna with peer-reviewed articles published 1993-2020 to provide a critical synthesis of the state of the science. We also sought to answer how unconventional crude petroleum effects compare with conventional crude oil. Relevant knowledge gaps and research challenges were identified. The resulting review examines avian exposure to petroleum and synthesizes advances regarding the physical effects of oil hydrocarbons on feather structure and function, as well the toxic effects of inhaled or ingested oil, embryotoxicity, and how exposure affects broader scale endpoints related to behavior, reproduction, and survival. Another outcome of the review was the knowledge gaps and challenges identified. The first finding was a paucity of oil ingestion rate estimates in birds. Characterizing environmentally realistic exposure and ingestion rates is a higher research priority than additional conventional oral dosing experiments. Second, there is an absence of toxicity data for unconventional crude petroleum. Although the effects of air and water contamination in the Canadian oil sands region have received attention, toxicity data for direct exposure to unrefined bitumen produced there in high volumes and other such unconventional oil types are needed. Third, we encountered barriers to the interpretation, replication, broad relevance, and comparability of studies. We therefore propose best practices and promising technological advancements for researchers. This review consolidates our understanding of petroleum's effects on birds and points a way forward for researchers and resource managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - John E Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Division, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
| | - Tony D Williams
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Gurung S, Dubansky B, Virgen CA, Verbeck GF, Murphy DW. Effects of crude oil vapors on the cardiovascular flow of embryonic Gulf killifish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141627. [PMID: 33181982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact with toxicants in crude oil during embryogenesis causes cardiovascular defects, but the effects of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds released from spilled oil are not well understood. The effects of crude oil-derived airborne toxicants on peripheral blood flow were examined in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) since this model completes embryogenesis in the air. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure in vivo blood flow in intersegmental arteries of control and oil-exposed embryos. Significant effects in oil-exposed embryos included increased pulse rate, reduced mean blood flow speed and volumetric flow rate, and decreased pulsatility, demonstrating that normal-appearing oil-exposed embryos retain underlying cardiovascular defects. Further, hematocrit moderately increased in oil-exposed embryos. This study highlights the potential for fine-scale physiological measurement techniques to better understand the sub-lethal effects of oil exposure and demonstrates the efficacy of Gulf killifish as a unique teleost model for aerial toxicant exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Gurung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Camila A Virgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - David W Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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Burggren W, Rojas Antich M. Angiogenesis in the Avian Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane: A Perspective on Research Trends and a Case Study on Toxicant Vascular Effects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040056. [PMID: 33291457 PMCID: PMC7762154 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the avian embryo is an intrinsically interesting gas exchange and osmoregulation organ. Beyond study by comparative biologists, however, the CAM vascular bed has been the focus of translational studies by cardiovascular life scientists interested in the CAM as a model for probing angiogenesis, heart development, and physiological functions. In this perspective article, we consider areas of cardiovascular research that have benefited from studies of the CAM, including the themes of investigation of the CAM's hemodynamic influence on heart and central vessel development, use of the CAM as a model vascular bed for studying angiogenesis, and the CAM as an assay tool. A case study on CAM vascularization effects of very low doses of crude oil as a toxicant is also presented that embraces some of these themes, showing the induction of subtle changes in the pattern of the CAM vasculature growth that are not readily observed by standard vascular assessment methodologies. We conclude by raising several questions in the area of CAM research, including the following: (1) Do changes in patterns of CAM growth, as opposed to absolute CAM growth, have biological significance?; (2) How does the relative amount of CAM vascularization compared to the embryo per se change during development?; and (3) Is the CAM actually representative of the mammalian systemic vascular beds that it is presumed to model?
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14
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Bautista NM, Burggren WW. Parental stressor exposure simultaneously conveys both adaptive and maladaptive larval phenotypes through epigenetic inheritance in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.208918. [PMID: 31416900 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic modifications occur slowly across generations, whereas short-term epigenetic inheritance of adaptive phenotypes may be immediately beneficial to large numbers of individuals, acting as a bridge for survival when adverse environments occur. In the present study, crude oil was used as an example of an environmental stressor. Adult zebrafish (P0) were dietarily exposed for 3 weeks to no, low, medium or high concentrations of crude oil. The F1 offspring obtained from the P0 groups were then assessed for transgenerational epigenetic transfer of oil-induced phenotypes. The exposure did not alter body length, body and organ mass or condition factor in the P0 groups. However, the P0 fecundity of both sexes decreased in proportion to the amount of oil fed. The F1 larvae from each P0 were then exposed from 3 hpf to 5 dpf to oil in their ambient water. Remarkably, F1 larvae derived from oil-exposed parents, when reared in oiled water, showed a 30% enhanced survival compared with controls (P<0.001). Unexpectedly, from day 3 to 5 of exposure, F1 larvae from oil-exposed parents showed poorer survival in clean water (up to 55% decreased survival). Additionally, parental oil exposure induced bradycardia (presumably maladaptive) in F1 larvae in both clean and oiled water. We conclude that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance can lead to an immediate and simultaneous inheritance of both beneficial and maladaptive traits in a large proportion of the F1 larvae. The adaptive responses may help fish populations survive when facing transient environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:1780190. [PMID: 31057619 PMCID: PMC6463677 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1780190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A portable mass spectrometer was coupled to a direct inlet membrane (DIM) probe and applied to the direct analysis of active fragrant compounds (3-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and ethyl methyl sulfide) in real time. These fragrant active compounds are commonly used in the formulation of flavours and fragrances. Results obtained show that the portable mass spectrometer with a direct membrane inlet can be used to detect traces of the active fragrant compounds in complex mixtures such as essential fragrant oils and this represents a novel in-situ analysis methodology. Limits of detection (LOD) in the sub-ppb range (< 2.5 pg) are demonstrated. Standard samples in the gaseous phase presented very good linearity with RSD % at 5 to 7 for the selected active fragrant compounds (i.e., isoamyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and methyl ethyl sulphide). The rise and fall times of the DIM probe are in the ranges from 15 to 31 seconds and 23 to 41 seconds, respectively, for the standard model compounds analysed. The identities of the fragrance active compounds in essential oil samples (i.e., banana, tangerine, papaya, and blueberry muffin) were first identified by comparison with a standard fragrance compounds mixture using their major fragment peaks, the NIST standard reference library, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. No sample preparation is required for analysis using a portable mass spectrometer coupled to a DIM probe, so the cycle time from ambient air sampling to the acquisition of the results is at least 65 seconds.
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Bautista NM, Pothini T, Meng K, Burggren WW. Behavioral consequences of dietary exposure to crude oil extracts in the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:34-42. [PMID: 30513419 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Uptake by fishes of crude oil and its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) components occurs via gills, dietary intake, or diffusion through the skin. Dietary exposure to crude oil and its components is environmentally relevant, and induces physiological and morphological disruptions in fish. However, the impacts of crude oil on fish social and reproductive behaviors and thus the possible influences on reproductive success are poorly understood. As a part of their intraspecific interactions, male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) exhibit highly stereotypic behavioral and territorial displays. This makes this species a tractable model for testing crude oil effects on behavior. After 2 weeks of acclimation at 29 °C, male adult betta fish were divided into three groups and fed for 4 weeks with food spiked with water (control), low oil concentrations or high oil concentrations (∑Total PAH concentrations 340, 3960 or 8820 ng/g dw, respectively) to determine subsequent alterations in behavioral displays. Compared with control fish, the aggressive display of "opercular flaring" was significantly increased (P < 0.03, n = 14-16) in oil-exposed fish. Bubble nest building, as well as testis and brain mass, were significantly reduced in treated fish (P < 0.05). Hematocrit of treated groups was increased significantly (P < 0.02) from 21% in control fish to ∼27% in both oil exposure groups. Dietary exposure over a 4-week period to low, relevant levels of crude oil thus leads to an increase in aggressive behavioral displays, a decrease in reproductive activity and additional morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas,1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Tanushri Pothini
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas,1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Kelly Meng
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas,1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas,1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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