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Samaha MM, Nour OA. Ranolazine ameliorates T1DM-induced testicular dysfunction in rats; role of NF-κB/TXNIP/GSDMD-N/IL-18/Beclin-1 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176744. [PMID: 38897438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of diabetic males have varying degrees of testicular dysfunction. The current study investigates the possible beneficial consequences of ranolazine against T1DM-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were assorted into 4 groups; normal, diabetic (single 50 mg/kg STZ, I.P.) and ranolazine (40 and 80 mg/kg, orally). The present investigation revealed that the hypoglycemic impact of ranolazine significantly improved the testicular weight and body weight of the final rats, as well as the concentration of blood testosterone, sperm count, and viability, all of which were associated with STZ-induced testicular dysfunction. Furthermore, as demonstrated by elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, diabetic rats administered ranolazine showed a noteworthy improvement in the oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Furthermore, a substantial rise in beclin-1 concentration was seen in conjunction with a significant decrease in thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentrations when ranolazine was administered. Although ranolazine exhibited a reduction in inflammation as seen by lower expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cluster of differentiation (CD68) in the testicles, these biochemical findings were validated by improvements in the morphological and histopathological outcomes of both the pancreatic and testicular tissues. In conclusion, daily oral administration of ranolazine (40 and 80 mg/kg) for 8 weeks could be a promising therapy for T1DM-induced testicular dysfunction through its dose-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Omnia A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Wang J, An G, Peng X, Zhong F, Zhao K, Qi L, Ma Y. Effects of three Huanglian-derived polysaccharides on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome of high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetes mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133060. [PMID: 38871107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides are important components for biological functions. The objective of this study is to study the mechanisms by which polysaccharides from three Huanglian (Rhizome Coptidis, HL) of Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, and Coptis teeta affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing the gut microbiome and their metabolites. A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) induction was used to construct the T2DM mice model. The histopathology of liver, pancreas, and colon, biochemical indexes related to mice were determined to assess the ameliorative effects of these three HL polysaccharides (HLPs) on T2DM. The results indicated that oral HLPs improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, blood lipid levels, and β-cell function. Further, HLPs elevated the growth of advantageous beneficial bacteria within the gut microbiota and raised the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyric acid. Metabolic analyses showed that HLPs ameliorated the effects of T2DM on microbial-derived metabolites and related metabolic pathways, especially the biosynthetic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. In the combined analysis, many associations of T2DM-related biochemical indicators with gut microbes and their metabolites were extracted, which suggested the important role of gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus by HLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Guangqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Hua Z, Liu N, Yan X. Research progress on the pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and biosynthesis of crocins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:741-752. [PMID: 38633914 PMCID: PMC11022409 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Crocins are water-soluble apocarotenoids isolated from the flowers of crocus and gardenia. They exhibit various pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory properties, hepatorenal protection, and anticancer activity. They are often used as coloring and seasoning agents. Due to the limited content of crocins in plants and the high cost of chemical synthesis, the supply of crocins is insufficient to meet current demand. The biosynthetic pathways for crocins have been elucidated to date, which allows the heterologous production of these valuable compounds in microorganisms by fermentation. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and heterologous production of crocins, aiming to lay the foundation for the large-scale production of these valuable natural products by using engineered microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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Ma ZA, Wang LX, Zhang H, Li HZ, Dong L, Wang QH, Wang YS, Pan BC, Zhang SF, Cui HT, Lv SQ. Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:502-518. [PMID: 38591083 PMCID: PMC10999033 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction (JPGS) has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) for many years. However, the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear. AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN. METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model. We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice. A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened. Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups, while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups. Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism; alanine, tryptophan metabolism; aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN. Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors. CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys. Furthermore, JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han-Zhou Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Song Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bao-Chao Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan-Tian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 065000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Quan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
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Amatto PDPG, Chaves L, Braga GG, Carmona F, Pereira AMS. Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and crocin in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117255. [PMID: 37778521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crocus sativus L. (saffron, Iridaceae) has been traditionally used for thousands of years as herbal medicine for many diseases, including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in Sri Lanka. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis on C. sativus for T2DM value traditional knowledge about this species. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of C. sativus powdered plant, hydroethanolic extract and crocin in reducing fasting blood sugar (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, and other metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis based on searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, including all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published before January 2, 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risks of bias. The effects of C. sativus and crocin were assessed on glycemic, metabolic, and blood pressure parameters. Weighted (WMD) or standardized (SMD) mean differences (before-after) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of the outcomes were extracted or estimated and meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration). This protocol was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42023390073). RESULTS Fifteen of 29 studies were included. Saffron powdered plant decreased AST (WMD -1.19, 95%CI -2.24, -0.13), but increased BMI (WMD 0.56, 95%CI 0.07, 1.05); saffron extract decreased HbA1c (WMD -0.35, 95%CI -0.65, -0.06), FBG (WMD -26.90, 95%CI -38.87, -14.93), creatinine (WMD -0.12, 95%CI -0.19, -0.05), and total cholesterol (WMD -9.29, 95%CI -18.25, -0.33); and crocin decreased HbA1c (WMD -0.43, 95%CI -0.66, -0.20), FBG (WMD -14.10, 95%CI -22.91, -5.30), and systolic blood pressure (WMD -8.18, 95%CI -12.75, -3.61), but increased creatinine levels (WMD 0.24, 95%CI 0.17, 0.32). Of the 15 included studies, 14 had a moderate risk of bias, and one study had a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION C. sativus (saffron) powdered plant, extract, and crocin have potential as an adjunct treatment for T2DM, improving control of metabolic and clinical parameters. However, C. sativus extract seems to be superior because it was effective in more parameters and did not induce adverse effects. Since many studies were at moderate risk of bias, further high-quality research is needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Padua G Amatto
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, 14096-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Chaves
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Graça Braga
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, 14096-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Carmona
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, 14096-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Ordem e Progresso, 14690-000, Jardinopólis, Brazil.
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Gupta A, Jamal A, Jamil DA, Al-Aubaidy HA. A systematic review exploring the mechanisms by which citrus bioflavonoid supplementation benefits blood glucose levels and metabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102884. [PMID: 37939436 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus bioflavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are derived from citrus fruits and vegetables. Although they are well known for their powerful antioxidant properties, their effects on glycemic control are not well understood. This review aims to highlight the potential benefits of using citrus bioflavonoids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its metabolic complications, as well as the medicinal effects of known subclasses of naturally occurring citrus bioflavonoids. METHODS In this systematic review, a survey of studies was conducted from January 2012 to February 2023 using various databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus) to determine the effects of citrus bioflavonoid supplementation on reducing oxidative stress, improving lipid profiles, and glycemic index in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as the proposed mechanisms of action. RESULTS The results of the survey indicate that citrus bioflavonoids may have a positive impact on reducing oxidative stress levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to reducing oxidative stress, citrus bioflavonoids may also have a positive impact on other markers of diabetes. For example, studies have shown that they can reduce non-enzymatic protein glycation, which is a process that occurs when glucose molecules bind to proteins in the body. CONCLUSION The reduction in oxidative stress that can be achieved using citrus bioflavonoids may help to maintain antioxidant levels in the body, thereby reducing the severity of diabetes and its complications. These findings suggest that citrus bioflavonoids may be a useful complementary therapy for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Abdulsatar Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Dina A Jamil
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; New Medical Education Australia, Brisbane, QLD, 4007, Australia
| | - Hayder A Al-Aubaidy
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; New Medical Education Australia, Brisbane, QLD, 4007, Australia.
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Rai U, Senapati D, Arora MK. Insights on the role of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents in the amelioration of diabetes. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:134-144. [PMID: 37090130 PMCID: PMC10113422 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that produces overt hyperglycemic condition that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin due to excessive destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 diabetes) or due to development of insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). An autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in the targeted immune death of β-cells that produce insulin. The only available treatment for T1D at the moment is the lifelong use of insulin. Multiple islet autoantibody positivity is used to diagnose T1D. There are four standard autoantibodies observed whose presence shows the development of T1D: antibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), zinc T8 transporter (ZnT8), and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (ICA512). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), an inflammatory response precipitates as a consequence of the immune response to high blood glucose level along with the presence of inflammation mediators produced by macrophages and adipocytes in fat tissue. The slow and chronic inflammatory condition of adipose tissue produces insulin resistance leading to increased stress on pancreatic β-cells to produce more insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance. Thus, this stress condition exacerbates the apoptosis of β-cells leading to insufficient production of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia which signifies late stage T2D. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of immunosuppressive agents may be a better alternative over the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of T1D and T2D, respectively. This review enlightens the immune intervention for the prevention and amelioration of T1D and T2D in humans with main focus on the antigen-specific immune suppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddipak Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Dhirodatta Senapati
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
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Mohammadi Y, Rezaei Farimani A, Beydokhti H, Riahi SM. Comparison of the effect of saffron, crocin, and safranal on serum levels of oxidants and antioxidants in diabetic rats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Mohammadi
- Qaen School of Nursing and Midwifery Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Hossein Beydokhti
- Department of General Courses, School of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Riahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
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Karayakali M, Altinoz E, Elbe H, Koca O, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Demir M. Crocin treatment exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in liver tissue damage of pinealectomized diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47670-47684. [PMID: 36746856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The liver plays a vital role in glycemic regulation in physiological and pathological conditions such as DM. Free radical formation and inhibition of antioxidant defense systems play a role in the liver damage pathogenesis in diabetic patients The antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging properties of crocin are known. This study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of crocin against liver tissue damage in pinealectomized diabetic rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham+streptozotocin (STZ), Pinealectomy (PINX), PINX+STZ, PINX+Crocin, and PINX+STZ+Crocin. PNX procedure was carried out on the first day of the experiment. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg STZ was performed on the 30th day of the experiment to induce DM. Crocin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied for 15 days after the pinealectomy procedure and induction of DM. Crocin decreased the markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) of liver damage and increased antioxidant enzyme levels and tissue total antioxidant status. Histological results showed that the administration of crocin exhibited a protective effect against liver damage caused by STZ. These results indicate that crocin evidence protection against liver injury caused by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Ozgul Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Mohammadi Y, Zangooei M, Salmani F, Farimani AR. Effect of crocin and losartan on biochemical parameters and genes expression of FRMD3 and BMP7 in diabetic rats. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:10-18. [PMID: 36945919 PMCID: PMC10387854 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a multifactorial and growing disease, one of the severe complications of which is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is the most common cause of chronic renal failure. FERM domain containing 3 (FRMD3) is responsible for maintaining the shape and integrity of nephron cells, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) helps maintain function and reduce kidney damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of crocin and losartan on biochemical parameters and the expression of FRMD3 and BMP7 genes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups as healthy, diabetic control (D), crocin, losartan, and diabetic rats treated with losartan-crocin (n = 8). A single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally injection) was used to induce diabetes. Four weeks after induction of diabetes, rats received crocin (50 mg/kg) and losartan (25 mg/kg) daily for four weeks orally. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the intervention, and blood samples were taken to determine serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiol. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the expression of the FRMD3 and BMP7 genes in the kidney samples. RESULTS Diabetes induction increased serum levels of glucose, Cr, urea, MDA, and thiol, but decreased BMP7 and FRMD3 genes expression. Treatment with crocin and losartan decreased these biochemical parameters and increased the expression of the BMP7 and FRMD3 genes. DISCUSSION Crocin may be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and improving diabetes-related kidney disease due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Mohammadi
- Qaen School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zangooei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salmani
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ma D, Hu L, Wang J, Luo M, Liang A, Lei X, Liao B, Li M, Xie M, Li H, Gong Y, Zi D, Li X, Chen X, Liao X. Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves spermatogenic function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via modulating the glycolysis pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1314-1324. [PMID: 35929593 PMCID: PMC9828322 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenic dysfunction is one of the major secondary complications of diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined, and there is no available drug or strategy for the radical treatment of diabetic spermatogenic dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results show that oral administration of NMN significantly increases the body and testis weight and the number of sperms. Moreover, the abnormal sperm count and the rate of sperm malformation are significantly decreased compared with the saline-treated diabetic mice. Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR results show that NMN increases Bcl-2 expression and decreases Bax expression in the testis. NMN also increases the protein expression of Vimentin and the mRNA expressions of WT1 and GATA4. In addition, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry results also show that NMN increases the expressions of glycolysis-related rate-limiting enzymes including HK2, PKM2, and LDHA. In summary, this study demonstrates the protective effects of NMN on the testis in an STZ-induced diabetic mice model. NMN exerts its protective effects via reducing spermatogenic cell apoptosis by regulating glycolysis of Sertoli cells in diabetic mice. This study provides an experimental basis for the future clinical application of NMN in diabetes-induced spermatogenic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Ma
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise533000China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Min Luo
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Aihong Liang
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Biyun Liao
- Reproductive Medicine CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise533000China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Ming Xie
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Dan Zi
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Xiangrun Li
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13973593250; E-mail: (X.L.) / Tel: +86-13973403619; E-mail: (X.C.) / Tel: +86-13807398512; E-mail: (X.L.) @
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13973593250; E-mail: (X.L.) / Tel: +86-13973403619; E-mail: (X.C.) / Tel: +86-13807398512; E-mail: (X.L.) @
| | - Xucai Liao
- Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Base of Endocrinology & Metabolism Science and Education for PostgraduatesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University and Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang422000China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13973593250; E-mail: (X.L.) / Tel: +86-13973403619; E-mail: (X.C.) / Tel: +86-13807398512; E-mail: (X.L.) @
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12
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Sani A, Tajik A, Seiiedi SS, Khadem R, Tootooni H, Taherynejad M, Sabet Eqlidi N, Alavi dana SMM, Deravi N. A review of the anti-diabetic potential of saffron. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221095223. [PMID: 35911474 PMCID: PMC9335478 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221095223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that affect people of all genders, ages, and races. Medicinal herbs have gained attention from researchers and have been widely investigated for their antidiabetic potential. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its main constituents, that is, crocin and crocetin, are natural carotenoid compounds, widely known to possess a wide spectrum of properties and induce pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuro-protective effects. An increasing number of experimental, animal and human studies have investigated the effects and mechanism of action of these compounds and their potential therapeutic use in the treatment of diabetes. This narrative review presents the key findings of published clinical studies that examined the effects of saffron and/or its constituents in the context of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, an overview of the proposed underlying mechanisms mediating these effects, the medicinal applications of saffron, and the new findings regarding its effect on diabetes and various cellular and molecular mechanisms of action will be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tajik
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seiied Sina Seiiedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medicine, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Razieh Khadem
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniye Tootooni
- Student Research Committee, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Sabet Eqlidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Niloofar Deravi, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
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Metabolomics and biochemical insights on the regulation of aging-related diabetes by a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100316. [PMID: 35774637 PMCID: PMC9237631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) have hypoglycemic activity and oxidation resistance. CPP prevents oxidative stress and stimulates insulin via affecting phenylpyruvic acid. CPP can regulate the GLP-1R/IL-6R and ZO-1/MMP-2 pathways. CPP activated BCL-6 to promote cell survival in brain.
Globally, aging and diabetes are considered prevalent threats to human health. Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) is a natural active ingredient with multiple health benefits including antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, the aging-related diabetic (AD) mice model was established to investigate the underlying hypoglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms of CPP. It improved superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde activities in liver and insulin secretion. CAT and GSH-px activity in the brain increased after CPP administration. In addition, through histopathological examinations, it was evident that injuries in the liver, brain, jejunum, and pancreas were restored by CPP. This restoration was likely mediated via the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/FOXO-1 (forkhead box O1) pathway concurrent with the inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor/FOXO-1 pathway. Furthermore, metabolomics and correlation analysis revealed that CPP possibly relived AD through changes in insulin levels and declined oxidative stress as regulated by phenylpyruvic acid. These findings suggested that CPP exerted antioxidant and hypoglycemic roles in an AD mice model, thereby providing a sound scientific foundation for further development and utilization of CPP.
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Samaha MM, Helal MG, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Indapamide Increases IRS1 Expression and Modifies Adiponectin/NLRP3/PPARγ Crosstalk in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040691. [PMID: 35453376 PMCID: PMC9026493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of canagliflozin (CANA) and indapamide (INDA) and their impacts as adiponectin modulators in experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was associated with a significant rise in blood glucose level and HbA1C%, andreduced adiponectin and insulin secretions. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both the epididymal adipocytes and soleus muscle significantly escalated, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and epididymal adipocyte Nrf2 expression significantly declined. Moreover, serum TNF-α, epididymal adipocyte’s NOD-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3, NF-κB and CD68 expressions markedly escalated, and serum IL-10 significantly declined. Furthermore, there was a significant escalation in PPARγ expression in epididymal adipocytes, with a significant reduction in soleus muscle’s expression of IRS1. CANA and INDA treatments markedly reduced blood glucose levels, increased adiponectin and insulin secretion, enhanced anti-oxidant defenses, and reduced oxidative burden, with marked anti-inflammatory impact. Interestingly, the impact of indapamide on DM indices and oxidative and inflammatory changes was comparable to that of canagliflozin. Nevertheless, indapamide had a superior effect compared to canagliflozin on HbA1c%, expression of IRS1 and reduction of NF-κB and CD68 expressions. INDA could be effective in regulating T2DM, with underlined anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. INDA increased IRS1 expression and modified adiponectin/NLRP3/PPARγ crosstalk. The impacts of INDA are comparable to those of the standard anti-diabetic drug CANA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (M.G.H.); (H.A.S.)
| | - Manar G. Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (M.G.H.); (H.A.S.)
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh P.O. Box 71666, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (M.G.H.); (H.A.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura 7723730, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (M.G.H.); (H.A.S.)
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Samaha MM, Helal MG, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Diacerein versus adipoRon as adiponectin modulators in experimentally-induced end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103806. [PMID: 34974166 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate and compare the possible anti-diabetic effects of adipoRon and diacerein in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. T2DM is marked by impaired oxidative, inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Indeed, T2DM progression is associated with elevated HbA1C%, low adiponectin and insulin concentration. Moreover, in this study epididymal adipose tissue and soleus muscle MDA contents significantly escalated, while serum TAC and epididymal adipose Nrf2 significantly declined. Nevertheless, serum TNF-α, epididymal NLRP3, NF-κB, PPARγ and CD68 expression rose significantly with a parallel significant reduction in serum IL-10 and soleus muscle expression of IRS1. Both adipoRon and diacerein significantly improved adiponectin and insulin secretion with augmentation of anti-oxidant defenses and diminution of oxidative burden, with obvious anti-inflammatory consequences (p < 0.05). Thus, adipoRon and diacerein positively modulated adiponectin expression with down-regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3/PPARγ expression with subsequent improvement in glycemic control, inflammatory and oxidative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar G Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, 7723730 New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ali Hammood Keelo RM, Elbe H, Bicer Y, Yigitturk G, Koca O, Karayakali M, Acar D, Altinoz E. Treatment with crocin suppresses diabetic nephropathy progression via modulating TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in an experimental model of pinealectomized diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109733. [PMID: 34743986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to histopathologic alterations in the kidney that prevent normal renal function. This study aimed to explore the effects of crocin treatment via virtue of its numerous beneficial properties in streptozotocin-induced pinealectomized diabetic rats. The pinealectomy procedure was conducted on the first day of the study. On the 30th day following pinealectomy, streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for induction of diabetes. Diabetes was confirmed on the 3rd day following STZ administration by determining the glucose levels. Daily crocin treatment intraperitoneally for 15 days (50 mg/kg) ameliorated impaired renal oxidant/antioxidant balance, reduced TGF-β1 immuno-staining around tubules, and promoted improvement of renal architecture. Moreover, crocin administration improved altered renal function parameters, including serum Cr and BUN, and also increased creatinine clearance. In conclusion, the protective effects of crocin on diabetic nephropathy might be associated with its powerful antioxidant properties, its ability to improve tissue antioxidant status, and its ability to prevent inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Derya Acar
- Department of Anatomy, Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Nasimi Doost Azgomi R, Karimi A, Zarshenas MM, Moini Jazani A. The mechanisms of saffron (Crocus sativus') on the inflammatory pathways of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102365. [PMID: 34923214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and amis: Diabetes is one of the major medical problems, which can lead to damage to cells or organs in various parts of the body. Saffron as herbal medicine has contained several active ingredients, including safranal, flavonoids, crocetin, and crocin, which are effective in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which can play the main role in reducing the effects of diabetes. However, so far, the effect of saffron on diabetes inflammation has not been evaluated in the form of systematic review studies. The purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the evidence obtained from in-vitro, animal, and clinical trials studies on the effects of saffron on inflammation in diabetes. METHODS The present systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. In this systematic review, databases such as Embase, Pubmed, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to February 2021. All eligible in-vitro, animal and human studies that examined the effect of saffron on inflammatory factors in diabetes were published in the form of a full article in English. RESULTS In the end, only 20 of the 596 articles met the criteria for analysis. Of the 20 articles, 3 were in-vitro studies, 13 were animal studies, and 4 were human studies. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic study (Except for two studies) suggest that saffron supplementation with potential anti-inflammatory properties may reduce the expression of the inflammatory pathway and the production of inflammatory products in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zarshenas
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Jazani AM, Karimi A, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R. The Potential Role of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) and its components in Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Song YN, Wang Y, Zheng YH, Liu TL, Zhang C. Crocins: A comprehensive review of structural characteristics, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104969. [PMID: 34147548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Crocins, as a kind of water-soluble carotenoid pigment, are a series of ester compounds formed from crocetin and gentibiose or glucose, and mainly distributed among Crocus sativus L. (CSL), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. (GJE). Crocins exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects on neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, depression, liver disease, arthritis, tumor, diabetes, etc. This review systematically discussed the pharmacologic study of crocins in the aspect of structural characteristic and pharmacokinetics, and summarized the mechanism of treating disease. It summarized the abundant research of crocins from 1984 to 2020 based on the above aspects, which provide a reference for the deeply development and application of crocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying-Hao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | | | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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The Beneficial Effects of Saffron Extract on Potential Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6699821. [PMID: 33542784 PMCID: PMC7840270 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Saffron is commonly used in traditional medicines and precious perfumes. It contains pharmacologically active compounds with notably potent antioxidant activity. Saffron has a variety of active components, including crocin, crocetin, and safranal. Oxidative stress plays an important role in many cardiovascular diseases, and its uncontrolled chain reaction is related to myocardial injury. Numerous studies have confirmed that saffron exact exhibits protective effects on the myocardium and might be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In view of the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease, people have shown considerable interest in the potential role of saffron extract as a treatment for a range of cardiovascular diseases. This review analyzed the use of saffron in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through antioxidant stress from four aspects: antiatherosclerosis, antimyocardial ischemia, anti-ischemia reperfusion injury, and improvement in drug-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly anthracycline-induced. Although data is limited in humans with only two clinically relevant studies, the results of preclinical studies regarding the antioxidant stress effects of saffron are promising and warrant further research in clinical trials. This review summarized the protective effect of saffron in cardiovascular diseases and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. It will facilitate pharmacological research and development and promote utilization of saffron.
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Mohaqiq Z, Moossavi M, Hemmati M, Kazemi T, Mehrpour O. Antioxidant Properties of Saffron Stigma and Petals: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Insulin Resistance through an Insulin-Sensitizing Adipocytokine in High-Calorie Diet Rats. Int J Prev Med 2021; 11:184. [PMID: 33456740 PMCID: PMC7804872 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_275_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress and alteration of lipid profile due to obesity and overweight is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic plaque or coronary artery disease. Because of antioxidant and lipid lowering potential of saffron, this study investigated weight alteration, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance index in high-calorie diet rats treated with aqueous extract of saffron stigma and petal. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups including healthy control, high-fat diet control, nicotinic acid treated, Anethum graveolens treated, and saffron stigma and petal treated groups. Rats received a high-calorie diet for 16 weeks. For treatment, aqueous extract of saffron stigma (40 and 80 mg/kg) and petal (50 and 100 mg/kg) was used once daily for 4 weeks. Afterward, lipid profile, oxidative stress status, and insulin and adiponectin levels were measured using desired kits. Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean weight of the groups receiving saffron stigma and petal compared to control group (P < 0.05). The increased level of insulin hormone in obese group was improved in treated groups especially in the case of saffron stigma. Also, the decreased level of adiponectin was recovered in treated groups. An improvement was seen in oxidative stress markers and lipid profiles in treated groups compared to obesity pair. Conclusions: In this study, a remarkable antioxidant and lipid lowering potential was detected for saffron stigma, which could improve insulin resistance in obese rats. Therapeutic and protective effect of saffron is mainly related to its richness in phenolic compounds. Saffron stigma compared with petal had more notable effect, which could and should be mentioned in pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabihullah Mohaqiq
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mina Hemmati
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Avenue, Birjand, Iran
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Maternal sitagliptin treatment attenuates offspring glucose metabolism and intestinal proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10310. [PMID: 33240638 PMCID: PMC7666563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that maternal overnutrition may increase the risk of diabetes in offspring. We hypothesized that maternal sitagliptin intervention may improve glucose intolerance through gut targeting. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating. ND pregnant rats were divided into two subgroups: ND group (ND alone) and the ND-sitagliptin group (ND combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment). HFD pregnant rats were randomized to one of two groups: HFD group (HFD alone) and the HFD-sitagliptin group (HFD combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment) during pregnancy and lactation. Glucose metabolism was assessed in offspring at weaning. Intestinal gene expression levels were investigated. Maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male pups. Moreover, maternal sitagliptin treatment inhibited offspring disordered intestinal expression of proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (Il6), ll1b, and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), at weaning and reduced intestinal IL-6, TNF-α expression by immunohistochemical staining and serum IL-6, TNF-α levels. However, maternal sitagliptin intervention did not affect offspring serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. Our results are the first to show that maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose metabolism in male offspring. It may be involved with moderating intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hashemzaei M, Mamoulakis C, Tsarouhas K, Georgiadis G, Lazopoulos G, Tsatsakis A, Shojaei Asrami E, Rezaee R. Crocin: A fighter against inflammation and pain. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Buhrmann C, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Carotenoids in Cancer Apoptosis-The Road from Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2425. [PMID: 32859058 PMCID: PMC7563597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An incidence and mortality of cancer are rapidly growing worldwide, especially due to heterogeneous character of the disease that is associated with irreversible impairment of cellular homeostasis and function. Targeting apoptosis, one of cancer hallmarks, represents a potent cancer treatment strategy. Carotenoids are phytochemicals represented by carotenes, xanthophylls, and derived compounds such as apocarotenoids that demonstrate a broad spectrum of anti-cancer effects involving pro-apoptotic signaling through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. As demonstrated in preclinical oncology research, the apoptotic modulation is performed at post-genomic levels. Further, carotenoids demonstrate additive/synergistic action in combination with conventional oncostatic agents. In addition, a sensitization of tumor cells to anti-cancer conventional treatment can be achieved by carotenoids. The disadvantage of anti-cancer application of carotenoids is associated with their low solubility and, therefore, poor bioavailability. However, this deficiency can be improved by using nanotechnological approaches, solid dispersions, microemulsions or biofortification that significantly increase the anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic efficacy of carotenoids. Only limited number of studies dealing with apoptotic potential of carotenoids has been published in clinical sphere. Pro-apoptotic effects of carotenoids should be beneficial for individuals at high risk of cancer development. The article considers the utility of carotenoids in the framework of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51368 Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146 Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Xiao H, Fang Z, He X, Ding P, Cao Y, Chan S, Hou S, Liang J. Recombinant ling zhi-8 enhances Tregs function to restore glycemic control in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1946-1955. [PMID: 32803752 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of recombinant LZ-8 (rLZ-8) on streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further illustrate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with single-dose STZ 50 mg/kg for induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and then, the diabetic rats were treated with rLZ-8 for 3 months. The clinical symptoms, fasting blood glucose, insulin, cytokines, histopathology, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of rLZ-8 on alleviating diabetes mellitus (DM). KEY FINDINGS Treatment with rLZ-8 obviously alleviated the clinical symptoms of T1D and dose-dependently reduced the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetic rat model. Meanwhile, rLZ-8 markedly increased insulin secretion and protected against STZ-induced pancreatic tissue injury. Additionally, rLZ-8 dramatically inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and obviously increased the level of IL-10 in serum and pancreas. Further investigation indicated that rLZ-8 treatment significantly increased the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulated the expression of Foxp3 to restore balance between anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rLZ-8 can antagonize STZ-induced T1D, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit inflammation and enhance Tregs generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongkai Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shamyuen Chan
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Samaha MM, Said E, Salem HA. Modulatory role of imatinib mesylate on pancreatic β-cells' secretory functions in an STZ rat model of diabetes mellitus. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109197. [PMID: 32710900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of imatinib mesylate; a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a well-known anticancer with numerous medical benefits on blood sugar levels, insulin, and glucagon secretion in an experimental model of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced by a single I.P. injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Daily oral imatinib (10 mg/kg) and (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks induced a significant attenuation in signs of DM in rats reflected in their assessed lab values. Biomarkers of cell injury, tissue necrosis, and apoptosis; caspase-3 were significantly reduced with imatinib treatment. Furthermore, pancreatic antioxidants defenses of which; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and total antioxidant capacity have significantly improved with a simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Histopathologically, imatinib treatment was associated with a minimal pancreatic injury and marked restoration of insulin content in β-cells. Moreover, imatinib treatment revealed a significant reduction in the infiltration of macrophages in β-cells. Imatinib's ameliorative impact on DM may be attributed to it's mediated protection and preservation of pancreatic β-cells function and the improvement in serum insulin levels and hence the improvement of blood glucose and overall glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Samaha
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Behrouz V, Dastkhosh A, Hedayati M, Sedaghat M, Sharafkhah M, Sohrab G. The effect of crocin supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active AMPK levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32670418 PMCID: PMC7346493 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crocin as a carotenoid exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Besides, the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its allied complications, and also patients' desire to use natural products for treating their diseases, led to the design of this study to evaluate the efficacy of crocin on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2D received either 15-mg crocin or placebo, twice daily, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis parameters, active form of AMPK were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, crocin improved fasting glucose level (P = 0.015), hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.045), plasma insulin level (P = 0.046), insulin resistance (P = 0.001), and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.001). Based on the within group analysis, crocin led to significant improvement in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity. The active form of AMPK did not change within and between groups after intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that crocin supplementation can improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in patients with T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.Trial Registration This study has been registered at Clinicaltrial.gov with registration number NCT04163757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dastkhosh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam-Hossein General Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Qiu Y, Jiang X, Liu D, Deng Z, Hu W, Li Z, Li Y. The Hypoglycemic and Renal Protection Properties of Crocin via Oxidative Stress-Regulated NF-κB Signaling in db/db Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32425787 PMCID: PMC7212392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the main ingredient of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) extract, crocin- I (CR) has been reported to show various pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and renal protection properties of CR in db/db mice. Methods Eight-week-old db/db mice were treated with metformin (Met) (100 mg/kg) and CR (50 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Results CR treatment showed hypoglycemic functions indicated by reduced bodyweight, food and water intake, plasma glucose, and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c. Additionally, the CR group showed increased serum levels of insulin and pyruvate kinase, hypolipidemic functions indicated by the suppressed levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and enhanced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which are also indicators of hypoglycemic functions. The renal protection function of CR was demonstrated by its protection of renal structures and its regulation of potential indicators of nephropathy. The anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects of CR were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the kidneys of db/db mice, CR decreased the expression of phospho-IκBα and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas it enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase 1, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase. Conclusions The anti-diabetic and anti-diabetic nephritic effects of CR were related to its modulation of oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zichun Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Jia RB, Wu J, Li ZR, Ou ZR, Zhu Q, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Comparison of physicochemical properties and antidiabetic effects of polysaccharides extracted from three seaweed species. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:81-92. [PMID: 31945436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three algae polysaccharides (APs) extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANP), Fucus vesiculosus (FVP) and Undaria Pinnatifida (USP) significantly differed in the zeta potential, water and oil holding capacity, monosaccharide composition, organic element composition, molecular weight distribution, microstructure and rheological properties. Antidiabetic effects of APs were compared by oral intervention at the dose of 400 mg/kg·body weight/day in high sugar and fat diets and streptozotocin injection induced type 2 diabetic rats. The analysis of body weight, water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance, blood lipid indicators (including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA)), liver function indexes (involving alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) and renal function profiles (comprising uric acid (UA) and urea nitrogen (BUN)) showed that APs possessed obvious antidiabetic activities, and FVP showed better effects in controlling the levels of FFA, AST, ALT, UA and BUN. Intervention of FVP reduced the total bile acid (TBA) level and elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level of diabetic rats. Histomorphological observation further demonstrated that APs, especially FVP, could attenuate liver and kidney damage caused by diabetes. This study concluded that the antidiabetic effects of ANP, FVP and USP were distinctly different, which might be attributed to their different chemical structures. Therefore, the structure-activity relationship and antidiabetic mechanism of APs will be our future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Algandaby MM. Crocin prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via enhancing PPAR-gamma and AMPK. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1310-1316. [PMID: 32346340 PMCID: PMC7182989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a major health hazard. The syndrome is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease. The objective of the current study was to address whether or not crocin could protect against experimentally-induced MetS in rats as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. Animals were allocated into 4 groups. The first one served as control and was kept on regular food pellets and drinking water. The other three groups were subjected to experimental MetS. Induction of MetS was achieved by keeping rats on food pellets containing 3% NaCl; and drinking water enriched with 10% fructose. The first and second groups were daily gavaged with saline. The third and fourth groups were daily administered crocin 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The treatment continued for 12 consecutive weeks. Crocin significantly reduced body weight gain and adiposity index as compared to MetS group. Also, crocin protected against the occurrence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance as indicated by controlled values of HOMA-IR. Crocin protected against MetS-induced dyslipidemia as well as the rise blood pressure. These beneficial effects were accompanied by enhanced serum levels of PPARγ & AMPK and inhibited serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, crocin protects against experimentally-induced MetS. This can be attributed, at least partly, to activation of PPARγ and AMPK as well as inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi M Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud, Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Shawky LM, Morsi AA, El Bana E, Hanafy SM. The Biological Impacts of Sitagliptin on the Pancreas of a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Interactions with Metformin. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E6. [PMID: 31881657 PMCID: PMC7167819 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a beneficial class of antidiabetic drugs. However, a major debate about the risk of developing pancreatitis is still existing. The aim of the work was to study the histological and immunohistochemical effects of sitagliptin on both endocrine and exocrine pancreases in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate these effects with the biochemical findings. Moreover, a possible synergistic effect of sitagliptin, in combination with metformin, was also evaluated. Fifty adult male rats were used and assigned into five equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 comprised of untreated diabetic rats. Group 3 diabetic rats received sitagliptin. Group 4 diabetic rats received metformin. Group 5 diabetic rats received both combined. Treatments were given for 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay before the sacrification of rats. Pancreases were removed, weighed, and were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. In the untreated diabetic group, the islets appeared shrunken with disturbed architecture and abnormal immunohistochemical reactions for insulin, caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The biochemical findings were also disturbed. Morphometrically, there was a significant decrease in the islet size and islet number. Treatment with sitagliptin, metformin, and their combination showed an improvement, with the best response in the combined approach. No evidence of pancreatic injury was identified in the sitagliptin-treated groups. In conclusion, sitagliptin had a cytoprotective effect on beta-cell damage. Furthermore, the data didn't indicate any detrimental effects of sitagliptin on the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Shawky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Morsi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | - Eman El Bana
- Department of Anatomy, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Safaa Masoud Hanafy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
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