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Palhares JCP, Carra SHZ, Ebert L, Giacomello CP, Drastig K. How the type of dairy production system affects the nutrient balance from an environmental and economic perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172835. [PMID: 38688375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of nutrient flow in dairy farms has to be explored to find optimized strategies for efficient nutrient conversion to milk. This study aims to improve the understanding of variances in nitrogen and phosphorus balance and efficiency indicators between dairy farm systems. The study analyzed 67 dairy cattle farms located in the watershed Lajeado Tacongava, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Selected dairy farms represented three production systems: confined (3 farms); semi-confined (7 farms); pasture-based (57 farms). Input-output nutrient balances were calculated at the dairy system level for nitrogen and phosphorus over a year. Inputs are feed and fertilizer and outputs are milk and meat. The main nitrogen and phosphorus input on the all farms resulted from the feed. The average N and P surplus on pasture-based farms were 352 and 49 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. In semi-confined systems were 508 and 63 kg ha-1 year-1 and in confined systems were 786 and 70 kg ha-1 year-1. When considering the monetary value of the total N surplus, the averages were US$ 2.615, 4.950, and 12.171 for pasture-based, semi-confined and confined systems respectively. Monetary values of P surplus were US$ 346, 588, and 1119 for pasture-based, semi-confined and confined. The productive aspects that most determined the values of N and P surplus were the total number of lactating cows and the farm area. Results indicate that surplus can partially replace chemical nitrogen fertilizer, except in the confined system, and fully replace phosphorus fertilizer. Confined farms presented values to use surplus as fertilizer greater than the crop demand. For the other production systems, it happens only for phosphorus. Large variability between dairy farms of the same production system and between different production systems was observed. It reflects the inherent productive, economic, and environmental conditions of each farm and system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Helena Zanella Carra
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Leandro Ebert
- EMATER Rural Extension Service, R. Ipiranga, 2124, Serafina Corrêa, RS 99250-000, Brazil
| | - Cintia Paese Giacomello
- University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Katrin Drastig
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Strenge E, Zoboli O, Mehdi-Schulz B, Parajka J, Schönhart M, Krampe J, Zessner M. Regional nitrogen budgets of agricultural production systems in Austria constrained by natural boundary conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119023. [PMID: 37816279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) budgets are valuable tools to increase the understanding of causalities between agricultural production and N emissions to support agri-environmental policy instruments. However, regional agricultural N budgets for an entire country covering all major N flows across sectors and environmental compartments, which also distinguish between different N forms, are largely lacking. This study comprehensively analyses regional differences in N budgets pertainting to agricultural production and consumption in the largely alpine and spatially heterogeneous country of Austria. A special focus is on the interconnections between regional agricultural production systems, N emissions, nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE), and natural boundary conditions. Seven regional and one national balance are undertaken via material flow analysis and are analysed with regards to losses into soils, water bodies and atmosphere. Further, NUE is calculated for two conceptual systems of plant and plant-livestock production. The results reveal major differences among regions, with significant implications for agri-environmental management. The high-alpine region, characterized by alpine pastures with a low livestock density, shows consequent low N inputs, the lowest area-specific N outputs and the most inefficient NUE. In contrast, the highest NUE is achieved in a lowland region specialized in arable farming with a low livestock density and a predominance of mineral fertilizer over manure application. In this region, the N surplus is almost as low as in the high-alpine region due to both significantly higher N inputs and outputs compared to the high-alpine region. Nevertheless, due to low precipitation levels, widespread exceedances of the nitrate target level concentration take place in the groundwater. The same issue arises in another non-alpine region characterized by arable farming and high livestock densities. Here, the highest N inputs, primarily via manure, result in the highest N surplus and related nitrate groundwater exceedances despite an acceptable NUE. These examples show that NUE alone is an insufficient target and that adapted criteria are needed for different regions to consider natural constraints and specific framework conditions. In a geographically heterogeneous country like Austria, the regional circumstances strongly define and limit the scope and the potential effectiveness of agricultural N management strategies. These aspects should be integrated into the design, assessment and implementation of agri-environmental programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Strenge
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bano Mehdi-Schulz
- Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Parajka
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schönhart
- Institute of Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria
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Onyeneke RU, Agyarko FF, Onyeneke CJ, Osuji EE, Ibeneme PA, Esfahani IJ. How Does Climate Change Affect Tomato and Okra Production? Evidence from Nigeria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3477. [PMID: 37836217 PMCID: PMC10575383 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impacts of climate change on okra and tomato yields. Fertilizer consumption and credit to the crop sector were considered as covariates in the analysis. Time-series data, spanning a period of 40 years, were obtained from various sources. An autoregressive distributed lag model was applied to analyze short- and long-term impacts of climate change and agricultural inputs on okra and tomato yields. Not all variables were stationary at levels (order zero), but they were all significant at first difference, indicating the presence of cointegration. The Bound's test F-ratio was statistically significant and implied the presence of long- and short-term relationships among the variables studied. The mean temperatures had negative impacts on okra and tomato yields in both the short and long terms. Credit guaranteed to the crop sector had positive short- and long-term impacts on tomato yield; fertilizer consumption had a negative long-term impact on okra yield. Our study concludes that climate change, particularly rising temperature, impacts herbaceous fruit crop production in Nigeria. Therefore, we recommend that breeding and disseminating climate-smart tomato and okra varieties will help fruit crop farmers respond to rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (R.U.O.); (C.J.O.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Fred Fosu Agyarko
- Institute for Scientific and Technological Information (INSTI), Accra P.O. Box M 32, Ghana;
| | - Chinenye Judith Onyeneke
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (R.U.O.); (C.J.O.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Emeka Emmanuel Osuji
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (R.U.O.); (C.J.O.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Patience Afor Ibeneme
- Department of Geography, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria;
| | - Iman Janghorban Esfahani
- Glopex Co., Ltd., R & D Center B2065, GeumGang Penterium IX Tower A2801, Dongtancheomdansaneop 1-ro 27, Hwaseong-si 18469, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Li B, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Li R, Liu W. Improved soil surface nitrogen balance method for assessing nutrient use efficiency and potential environmental impacts within an alpine meadow dominated region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121446. [PMID: 36924916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The soil surface nitrogen balance (SSNB) method is commonly used to assess the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of agricultural systems and any associated potential environmental impacts. However, the nitrogen flow of wide natural grasslands and other natural areas differ from that of artificial croplands and mown grasslands. In this study, we integrated root growth and the important nutrient resorption process into the SSNB model and used the improved model to clarify the nitrogen (N) flow and balance in the Three Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR)-an area dominated by alpine meadows-from 2012-2019. In the grassland system, the N surplus (ΔN) was 0.274 g m-2 year-1, and root return (BLD) dominated the N input, accounting for 67% of the total input (3.924 g m-2 year-1). N resorption was the main internal N flow in the grassland system (1.079 g m-2 year-1), and 30% of grassland uptake (NUP-grass). The ΔN of the agricultural system was 1.097 g m-2 year-1, which was four times that of the grassland, and chemical fertilizer was the largest input, accounting for 84% of the total input. The NUE in grassland was 93%, which suggests a risk of soil mining and degradation, while that of cropland was 76% and within an ideal range. The ΔN provides a robust measure of river N export, the TRHR was divided into three catchments, and the export coefficient was 16.14%-55.68%. The results of this study show that the improved SSNB model can be applied to a wide range of natural grasslands that have high root biomass and resorption characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Center of Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yecheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Strategies for environmental contaminants monitoring and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Strategies for environmental contaminants monitoring and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Modelling direct field nitrogen emissions using a semi-mechanistic leaching model newly implemented in Indigo-N v3. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lin S, Wang W, Sardans J, Lan X, Fang Y, Singh BP, Xu X, Wiesmeier M, Tariq A, Zeng F, Alrefaei AF, Peñuelas J. Effects of slag and biochar amendments on microorganisms and fractions of soil organic carbon during flooding in a paddy field after two years in southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153783. [PMID: 35176355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating amendments of industrial waste such as biochar and steel slag in cropland has been used to enhance the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) while sustaining crop production. Short-term laboratory and field studies have identified important influences of biochar on active SOC fractions associated with soil microbial activity in paddy soils, but the long-term effects remain poorly understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined the effects of slag, biochar, and slag+biochar treatments on total SOC concentration, active SOC fractions and soil microbial communities in a paddy field two years after incorporation. Across both two seasons, the addition of slag, biochar, slag+biochar increased soil salinity by 26-80%, 1.3-37% and 42-79%, and also increased soil pH by 0.8-5.7%, 2.1-2.4% and 4.0-6.3%, respectively, relative to the control. SOC concentration was higher in the slag, biochar, and slag+biochar treatments across both rice seasons by 4.3-5%, 0.5-17% and 4.3-7%, respectively. Soil C-pool activity and C-pool management indices in the late paddy season were significantly lower in the slag+biochar treatment than the control by 26.3 and 21.3%, respectively, indicating that the amendments contributed to the stability of SOC. The C concentrations of the biochar and slag amendments affected bacterial abundance more than fungal abundance and affected C cycling. Our study suggests that combined slag and biochar amendments may increase bacterial abundance that may maintain SOC storage and reduce the abundances of potential SOC decomposers in key functional genera, indicating strong coupling relationships with changes of soil properties such as salinity, pH, and SOC concentration. These outcomes due to the amendments (e.g. slag+biochar) may increase microbial C-use efficiency and support the stability of active SOC fractions, with opportunities for long-term C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Xingfu Lan
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yunying Fang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Xuping Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Martin Wiesmeier
- Chair of Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Shen Z, Zhang W, Peng H, Xu G, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Spatial characteristics of nutrient budget on town scale in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152677. [PMID: 35045348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying nutrient budget is an essential step toward sustainable nutrient management in large watersheds increasingly disturbed by human activity. A town-scale nutrient budget framework based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was developed for 2010-2012 in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China (TGRA). Moran's I spatial correlation test and Geodetector spatial heterogeneity test were employed to systematically analyze the spatial characteristics of the resulting nutrient budget. The Moran's I value of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) gradually increased from input to output in the range of 0.091-0.232 and 0.102-0.484, respectively. Towns with higher TN and TP inputs were largely concentrated in the main urban area of Chongqing because of its high population density. By contrast, towns with higher TN and TP outputs were concentrated in the head of the TGRA. The Moran's I values of the TN and TP retention coefficients (R) were 0.433 and 0.524, respectively, demonstrating clear spatial consistency. Towns with a "High-high" spatial consistency pattern and positive R value were concentrated in the tail and hinterland, while those with a "Low-low" spatial consistency pattern and negative coefficient value were located mainly in the head of the TGRA. This phenomenon was mostly caused by differences in regional elevation, the normalized difference vegetation index, and soil erosion factor. The interaction effect between any two of these three factors on nutrient retention (Geodetector q-value) was greater than 60%. Therefore, future nutrient management should be based on a full understanding of regional biophysical conditions, especially in large areas. These findings provide a new perspective on fine nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Shen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wanshun Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; China Institute of Development Strategy and Planning, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Hong Peng
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Gaohong Xu
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Changjiang Survey Planning Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 10012, China
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