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Barcelos MN, Gonçalves-Santos E, Souza MA, Santos EC, Gonçalves RV, Castro-Gamero AM, Novaes RD. Prolonged testosterone 17β-cyclopentylpropionate exposition induces behavioral, ovarian, oviductal, uterine and reproductive disturbances in female mice. Life Sci 2024; 338:122408. [PMID: 38181852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse is often associated with metabolic disorders and infertility. However, the current evidence on AAS-induced reproductive toxicity is mainly based on male studies. Thus, AAS repercussions on female reproductive capacity remain poorly understood, despite scarce evidence that fertility determinants may be more severely impaired in females than males exposed to these drugs. Accordingly, this study used an integrated framework to investigate the impact of different testosterone 17β-cyclopentylpropionate (TC) doses on pain sensitivity, aggressiveness, anxiety, sexual behavior, ovarian, oviductal, uterine and reproductive morphofunctional and molecular outcomes. These parameters were used to explore the reproductive capacity in female mice exposed to this synthetic testosterone ester. The animals were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg TC every 48 h for 12 weeks. Our findings indicated that testosterone was upregulated while the hormones luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, estrogen and progesterone were down-regulated by TC. This AAS also exerted deleterious effects on anxiety, aggressivity, nociception, exploratory and sexual behavior in female mice. Concurrently, TC attenuated ovarian follicle maturation, interrupted the estrous cycle, induced oviductal and uterine hypotrophy. Estrous cyclicity was reestablished 60 days after AAS treatment. However, TC-treated mice still exhibited impaired reproductive capacity, a disturbance potentially related to deficiency in folliculogenesis, sex hormones production, and endometrial receptivity mediate by ER-α, PR, HOXA-10 and LIF down-regulation. Taken together, our findings indicated that in addition to female behavior, reproductive organs microstructure and function are markedly impaired by TC in a dose-dependent manner, whose time-dependent reversibility remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica N Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elda Gonçalves-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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The Molecular Quality and Mitochondrial Activity of Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes Are Affected by Their Exposure to Three Endocrine-Active Compounds under 3D In Vitro Maturation Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094572. [PMID: 35562963 PMCID: PMC9100547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, the potential short- and long-term detrimental effects of a variety of environmental chemicals designated as endocrine-active compounds (EACs) have been found to interfere with histo- and anatomo-physiological functions of the reproductive system in humans and wildlife species. For those reasons, this study sought to examine whether selected EACs, which encompass the fungicide vinclozolin (Vnz), the androgenic anabolic steroid nandrolone (Ndn) and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA), affect the developmental competence and molecular quality (MQ) of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) under 3D culture conditions. The COCs underwent 3D-IVM in the presence of Vnz, Ndn or CsA for 48 h. To explore whether the selected EACs induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in cumulus cells (CCs), TUNEL-assisted detection of late apoptotic cells was performed. Additionally, for the detailed evaluation of pro- and antiapoptotic pathways in COCs, apoptosis proteome profiler arrays were used. To determine changes in intracellular metabolism in COCs, comprehensive assessments of mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity were carried out. Moreover, the relative abundances (RAs) of mRNAs transcribed from genes that are involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as SIRT3 and FOXO3, and intramitochondrial bioenergetic balance, such as ATP synthase subunit (ATP5A1), were ascertained. Finally, to investigate the extent of progression of oocyte maturation, the intraooplasmic levels of cAMP and the RAs of mRNA transcripts encoding regulatory and biocatalytic subunits of a heterodimeric meiosis-promoting factor, termed cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDC2), were also estimated. The obtained results provide, for the first time, strong evidence that both Vnz and Ndn decrease the developmental competence of oocytes and stimulate apoptosis processes in CCs. The present study is also the first to highlight that Vnz accelerates the maturation process in immature oocytes due to both increased ROS production and the augmented RA of the CCNB1 gene. Furthermore, Vnz was proven to trigger proapoptotic events in CCs by prompting the activity of the FOXO3 transcription factor, which regulates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In turn, Ndn was shown to inhibit oocyte maturation by inducing molecular events that ultimately lead to an increase in the intraooplasmic cAMP concentration. However, due to the simultaneous enhancement of the expression of TNF-β and HSP27 proteins in CCs, Ndn might be responsible for the onset of their neoplastic transformation. Finally, our current investigation is the first to clearly demonstrate that although CsA did not interfere with the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes, by inducing mitophagy in CCs, it disrupted oocyte metabolism, consequently attenuating the parameters related to the MQ of COCs. Summing up, Vnz, Ndn and CsA reduced not only the processes of growth and IVM but also the MQ of porcine COCs, which might make them unsuitable for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization by either gamete co-incubation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Simão VA, Lupi Júnior LA, Adan Araujo Leite G, Cherici Camargo IC, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Nandrolone decanoate causes uterine injury by changing hormone levels and sex steroid receptors in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:98-108. [PMID: 33984419 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) were used to investigate the expression of uterine sex steroid receptors (AR, ER-α, and ER-β) and the levels of serum sex hormones after treatment and recovery periods in adult rats. ND doses of 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg b.w. or mineral oil (control group) were injected subcutaneously for 15 days, and the experimental groups were divided into three periods of evaluation: (a) ND treatment for 15 days, (b) ND treatment followed by 30-day-recovery and (c) ND treatment followed by 60-day-recovery. Estrous cycle was monitored daily. At the end of each experimental period, rats were euthanized for the collection of serum samples and uterine tissues. All animals showed persistent diestrus and only the highest ND dose was capable of inducing persistent diestrus until 60-day-recovery. Immunoexpression of uterine sex steroid receptors varied in a time-dependent manner. While AR expression was increase after treatment period, ER-α and ER-β expressions decreased after 60- and 30-day-recovery, respectively. ND also increased the serum levels of testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone, especially at the highest doses of 7.5 and 15 mg ND/kg until 30 days of recovery. The levels of progesterone were significantly reduced in all ND-treated animals. No significant difference was observed in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, whereas the levels of luteinizing hormone varied according to specific dose and period. We conclude that uterine sex steroid receptors and sex hormones are affected by ND administration and these alterations can be only restored following lower doses and long recovery periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Augusto Simão
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters of Assis, FCL/UNESP, SP, 19806-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, IBB/UNESP, SP, 16618-689, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Adan Araujo Leite
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Biological Sciences Center, UFSC, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, IBB/UNESP, SP, 16618-689, Brazil.
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Kandimalla R, Das M, Bhattacharjee S, Choudhury P, Devi R, Talukdar NC, Samanta SK. Effect of multiple doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, an end product of methylguanidine (found in processed food), on the fertility of female Swiss albino mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06738. [PMID: 33912714 PMCID: PMC8065291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylguanidine, an originator of carcinogenic methylnitrosourea, has been found in many animal meats and processed stored food often in high concentration. The present study was designed to understand the multiple dose effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), an end product of methylguanidine, in Swiss albino mice fertility as well as cancer induction. Accordingly, a total of five experimental groups of animal (female Swiss albino mice) were taken, considering group-I as vehicle control and group-II-V as treatment groups (whereas group-II-Vwere treated with single to quadruple doses of 50 mg/kg of MNU respectively in a three weeks interval). After accomplishment of MNU injection, each female mice was mated with male mice to check the fertility efficiency. The results of the study indicated that, mice treated with highest number of MNU doses were 42.85% less efficient in getting pregnant than the control mice. There were noted changes in body weight, food and water intake upon MNU-exposure compared to control group. A significant increase in cumulative weight of vital female organs like uterus and ovary were also observed in mice injected with quadruple doses of MNU (50 mg/kg) compared to control mice. The findings of the study suggest the direct effect of MNU in pregnancy, without any cancer incidence in the vital female organs of Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Kandimalla
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Momita Das
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Swarnali Bhattacharjee
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Paramita Choudhury
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Narayan C Talukdar
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
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Santos LCDS, Lapa Neto CJC, Santos AMGD, Marinho KSDN, Nascimento BJD, Alves ER, Teixeir ÁAC, Wanderley-Teixeira V. Immunohistochemical and histophysiological study of prolonged use of nandrolone on reproductive organs and fertility. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:468-486. [PMID: 32981356 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1822545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible changes in morphology and immunohistochemistry of the uterus and ovaries of rats caused by nandrolone (ND); we also investigated effects on fertility. We used 30 rats divided into three experimental groups: control (C), control vehicle (CV) and 5 mg/kg ND. Rats treated with ND exhibited loss of estrous cyclicity with predominance of the estrus phase, increased body weight and an organosomatic index that was decreased for the ovaries, but increased for the uterus. In the ovary, we observed a reduction in primary and secondary follicles and an increase in tertiary follicles; no corpora lutea were observed. Estrogen and progesterone levels were reduced. In the uterus, the endometrium was edematous with hyperplasic glands. The cytokines, TNFα and IL6, and the apoptotic index were increased in rats treated with ND. VEGF-A was increased in the ovaries and decreased in the uterus. We conclude that ND disrupts ovarian and uterine histophysiology by establishing an anovulatory and inflammatory condition, which directly affects reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno José do Nascimento
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Erique Ricardo Alves
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Erdem Guzel E, Kaya N, Tektemur A, Ulker N, Yardimci A, Akkoc RF, Canpolat S, Ozan IE. Chronic effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or α-lipoic acid treatment on reproductive parameters in female rat offspring. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:387-399. [PMID: 32951465 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1815248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco-smoke exposure negatively affects the reproductive functions of female offspring and oxidative stress plays a major role at this point. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), well known as a biological antioxidant, has been used as a nutritional supplement and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain complications during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or ALA administration on puberty onset, sexual behavior, gonadotrophin levels, apoptosis-related genes, apoptotic cell numbers and oxidative stress markers in the adult female rat offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control, tobacco smoke (TS), TS+ALA and ALA groups. Animals were exposed to TS and/or ALA for 8 weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy. All treatments ended with birth and later newborn female rats were selected for each experimental group. The experiment ended at postnatal day 74-77. Maternal tobacco smoke advanced the onset of puberty in the female offspring of the TS group (p < 0.05). In all treatment groups; the mean number of anogenital investigations and lordosis quality scores showed a decline, serum luteinizing hormone levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) and several histopathological changes in ovaries were observed compared to the control group. In addition, an increase in apoptotic marker levels and apoptotic cell numbers was detected in the ovaries of all treatment groups. Decreased TAS and increased TOS levels were detected in all treatment groups compared to control. These findings suggested that maternal tobacco smoke and/or ALA administration may be leading to the impaired reproductive health of female offspring. Abbreviations: ALA: alpha-lipoic acid; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; Apaf1: apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Casp3: caspase 3; Casp9: caspase 9; CF: cyst follicles; 4-HNE: 4-Hidroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine-biotin nick end labeling; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GnRHR: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; HPG: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cDNA: complementary DNA; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; FC: follicular cysts; PF: primary follicle; SF: secondary follicle; GF: graafian follicle; CL: corpus luteum; DF: degenerated follicle; AF: atretic follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erdem Guzel
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University , Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Fazil Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Enver Ozan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
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de Souza BR, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Simão VA, Camargo ICC. Histopathological changes in androgenized ovaries are recovered by melatonin treatment. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:158-171. [PMID: 30256483 PMCID: PMC6157297 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a synthetic steroid, which promotes adverse effects on the ovarian tissue, and melatonin (MLT) exhibits a number of beneficial properties in the reproductive system. This study evaluated the general features of the ovarian tissue and the immunoexpression of sex steroid receptors in ND-treated rats that were submitted to short-term melatonin treatment. Adult rats received mineral oil (control group) and ND at doses of 7.5 mg/kg for 15 days (ND-treated group). The treatment with MLT (10mg/kg for 7 days) was given alone, before or in combination with ND. All ND-treated animals showed persistent dioestrus. In the androgenized groups that received MLT, ovarian morphology and size, and the number/area of corpora lutea were recovered. The number of healthy and atretic follicles was recovered when MLT was administered prior to ND; this was similar to the ovaries of control and MLT groups. There was a decrease in estrogen receptors immunostaining in the follicles of androgenized rats that were treated with MLT, and pretreatment with MLT reduced the expression of androgen receptor in atretic follicles and corpora lutea, when compared with ND-treated group. We conclude that MLT treatment recovered the histopathological aspects of the androgenized ovaries, and MLT pretreatment was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R. de Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BiociênciasDepartamento de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPAssisSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Vinícius Augusto Simão
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BiociênciasDepartamento de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPAssisSão PauloBrazil
| | - Isabel C. C. Camargo
- Departamento de BiotecnologiaFaculdade de Ciências e LetrasUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPAssisSão PauloBrazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to provide a summary of the effects of cigarette smoking on steroid hormone metabolism and how it affects female fertility. RECENT FINDINGS Components of tobacco smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons lead to transcriptional upregulation of a number of genes, including members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, in particular CYP1B1 and CYP1A1. In humans, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are the primary enzymes catalyzing the 2-hydroxylation of estradiol. This pathway shunts available estrogen away from the more estrogenically potent 16α-hydroxylation to the production of catechol estrogens, mainly 2 and 4 hydroxyestradiol. SUMMARY Smoking has multiple effects on hormone secretion and metabolism. These effects are mainly mediated by the pharmacological action of tobacco alkaloids (nicotine and its metabolite cotinine). A strong body of evidence indicates that the negative effects of cigarette smoking on fertility compromises nearly every system involved in the reproductive process.
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Andrade GHB, Simão VA, Souza BR, Chuffa LGA, Camargo ICC. Sex steroid receptors profiling is influenced by nandrolone decanoate in the ampulla of the fallopian tube: Post-treatment and post-recovery analyses. Tissue Cell 2018; 50:79-88. [PMID: 29429521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are recommended for therapeutic clinic, but their use has increased in recent decades for aesthetic reasons. No study has evaluated the impact of AAS in the fallopian tube, after treatment and recovery periods. Herein, the aim of study was to investigate the effects of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), administered in different doses (1.87; 3.75; 7.5 and 15 mg/kg) on the ampulla of the fallopian tube in rats, following post-treatment (PT; 15 consecutive days) and post-recovery (PR; 30 consecutive days) periods. The control group received mineral oil. Estrous cycle was monitored daily during both periods and in sequence the rats (n = 8/group/period) were killed. All ND-treated animals showed estral acyclicity during the PT and PR periods, but the histomorphometric changes in the fallopian tube varied according to the ND dose level. The expression of AR, ERα and ERβ varied in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells. No AR expression was observed in the stroma. The muscle cells exhibited variation in immunostaining. In conclusion, ND promoted histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube after treatment and recovery periods in a dose-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H B Andrade
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - V A Simão
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - B R Souza
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - L G A Chuffa
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Anatomy, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I C C Camargo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Assis, SP, Brazil.
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Saddick SY. The impact of nandrolone decanoate administration on ovarian and uterine tissues in rat: Luteinizing hormone profile, histopathological and morphometric assessment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:507-512. [PMID: 29692652 PMCID: PMC5911639 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study had been conducted to evaluate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (abused repeated doses) on female rat's ovary and uterus during administration and withdrawal. The study included 18 rats that were divided into control group (n = 6) and treated group (n = 12). The treated group was injected intramuscular (IM) with nandrolone decanoate (7 mg/kg body weight) for three consecutive days, for two weeks. The study stated that nandrolone decanoate increases the weights of body, ovary, and uterus. Moreover, it has a tendency of bringing upon modifications in the biochemical, histopathological, and morphological makeup of the female reproductive aspects. In conclusion, nandrolone decanoate has been identified as deleterious element for the female rats, and it is suggested that keen observations must be made on the human abusers to control and manage the possible pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Y Saddick
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23815, Saudi Arabia
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Simão VA, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Cherici Camargo IC. Ovarian sex steroid receptors and sex hormones in androgenized rats. Reproduction 2016; 152:545-559. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated for the first time the effects of different doses of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate (ND) on the expression of ovarian steroid receptors (AR, ER-α (ESR1) and ER-β (ESR2)) and related sex hormones after treatment and recovery periods in adult rats. The animals were injected subcutaneously with doses of ND (1.87, 3.75, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg b.w.) or mineral oil (control group) for 15 days, and the experimental groups were divided into three periods of evaluation: (a) ND treatment for 15 days, (b) ND treatment and recovery for a period of 30 days and (c) ND treatment and recovery for a period of 60 days. Estrous cycle was monitored daily. At the end of each period, rats were killed for collection of blood and ovaries. Persistent diestrus occurred in all rats during ND treatment and after 30-day recovery. The highest dose of ND was able to maintain all rats arrested at diestrus until 60-day recovery. The expression of steroid receptors varied in a dose- and period-dependent manner, having a more pronounced response with the dose of 15 mg ND/kg. ND treatment increased serum levels of testosterone, 17β-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone, especially at the highest doses of 7.5 and 15 mg ND/kg. No change was observed in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), whereas levels of the luteinizing hormone (LH) varied according to the dose and period. In conclusion, the ovarian sex steroid receptors and sex hormones were restored only at lower doses of ND and after a longer period of recovery.
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12
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Simão VA, Berloffa Belardin L, Araújo Leite GA, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Camargo ICC. Effects of different doses of nandrolone decanoate on estrous cycle and ovarian tissue of rats after treatment and recovery periods. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:338-49. [PMID: 26575430 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) will cause changes in the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue of adult rats; and investigated the duration of the recovery period that is sufficient to restore the damage in the animals treated with different doses. Wistar rats were treated with ND at doses of 1.87, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg body weight, or received mineral oil (control group) for 15 days, subcutaneously. All animals were divided into three groups according to the treatment periods: (i) ND treatment for 15 days; (ii) ND treatment followed by a 30-day recovery; and (iii) ND treatment followed by a 60-day recovery. Estrous cycle was monitored daily, and at the end of each period, the animals were euthanized for histopathological analysis. During ND treatment and after 30-day recovery, all animals exhibited persistent diestrus. After a 60-day recovery, persistent diestrus was only maintained in the group that had received the highest dose. Ovarian weight was decreased significantly after the 30-day recovery, regardless of ND doses, compared with the control group. There was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of corpora lutea and antral and growing follicles, in contrast to an increase (P < 0.05) in atretic follicles in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Remarkable histopathological changes occurred in the ovaries of all ND-treated groups. In conclusion, the different doses of ND caused changes in the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue of rats, and recovery periods (30 and 60 days) were insufficient to completely restore the damage in the animals treated with the highest dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Augusto Simão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Assis, Brazil
| | - Larissa Berloffa Belardin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Assis, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Assis, Brazil
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Wong MK, Barra NG, Alfaidy N, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Adverse effects of perinatal nicotine exposure on reproductive outcomes. Reproduction 2015; 150:R185-93. [PMID: 26432348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy through cigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapies or e-cigarette use continues to be a widespread public health problem, impacting both fetal and postnatal health. Yet, at this time, there remains limited data regarding the safety and efficacy in using these nicotine products during pregnancy. Notably, reports assessing the effect of nicotine exposure on postnatal health outcomes in humans, including reproductive health, are severely lacking. Our current understanding regarding the consequences of nicotine exposure during pregnancy is limited to a few animal studies, which do not comprehensively address the underlying cellular mechanisms involved. This paper aims to critically review the current knowledge from human and animal studies regarding the direct and indirect effects (e.g. obesity) of maternal nicotine exposure, regardless of its source, on reproductive outcomes in pregnancy and postnatal life. Furthermore, this review highlights several key cellular mechanisms involved in these adverse reproductive deficits including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. By understanding the interplay of the cellular mechanisms involved, further strategies could be developed to prevent the reproductive abnormalities resulting from exposure to nicotine in utero and influence informed clinical guidelines for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada University of Grenoble-Alpes 38000; INSERM U 1036, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University, RM HSC-3N52, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | | | - Alison C Holloway
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada University of Grenoble-Alpes 38000; INSERM U 1036, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University, RM HSC-3N52, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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14
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Halder S, Trauth S, Pearce AR. Oral Nicotine Alters Uterine Histo-Morphology but Does Not Disrupt the Estrous Cycle in Female Rats. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:590-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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