Cellular oxidative stress and antiproliferative effects of Cordia dichotoma (Linn.) seeds extract and their fractions on human cervix epitheloid (HeLa) and human lung (A549) carcinoma cells

Phenolic Constituents with Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation Bioactivities from the Fruits of Cordia dichotoma

From the fruits of Cordia dichotoma, 11 new phenolic compounds, dichotomins A-K, were isolated, together with 19 known compounds. Through the analysis of detailed NMR data and HRESIMS data, the planar structures of all compounds were confirmed. Using NMR calculations, the absolute configuration of dichotomins A-K was elucidated by comparing their observed and computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Dichotomin H (8) and dichotomin I (9) were determined as two pairs of enantiomers. The enantiomers of compounds 8 and 9 were separated using chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the stereostructure of each enantiomer was determined by similarly calculating the ECD. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 17, 18, 23-25, and 27-30 increased glucose uptake by 1.04- to 2.85-folds at concentrations of 30 μg/mL. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 5 had a moderate effect on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation activity in L6 cells. At 30 μg/mL, compound 3 significantly enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. As a whole, compound 3 has the potential to be a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Underutilized fruit lasoda (Cordia myxa L.): Review on bioactive compounds, antioxidant potentiality and applications in health bioactivities and food

Underutilized fruits are thought to be nutrient and antioxidant gold mines. Despite their high nutritive value, therapeutic properties, and ability to grow in adverse soil and climatic conditions, they have received little attention. However, these underutilized fruits are an important component of traditional foods, particularly in arid and semiarid regions of Rajasthan. Lasoda (Cordia myxa) contains numerous phytochemicals that contribute to its antioxidant potential, including tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, xanthones, terpenes, and saponins. The primary goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of extracting bioactive compounds from lasoda and evaluating their antioxidant potential. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the major areas for the application of lasoda and its extract as prospective positive health agents that can be used in the preparation of functional foods. The use of lasoda may also improve the value of bakery products and meat quality and prevent postharvest losses. This review is a pilot article that can aid in the nutritional profiling of Cordia fruits and seeds, and it provides information on the effective and efficient use of this underutilized fruit in the food and nutraceutical industries.

A comprehensive Review on Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of an Underutilized Plant Cordia dichotoma L

Abstract:

Cordia dichotoma L. (Family Boraginaceae), a well-known medicinal plant, has been traditionally used for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases. Several studies have been undertaken to assess the pharmacological potential of different parts of the plant, namely roots, stem, flower, and leaves, for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifertility, antifungal, and wound healing properties. The present review aims to deliver a comprehensive summary of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and prospects of potential pharmacological activities of the plant C. dichotoma. A literature survey was carried out through books on herbal medicine and different online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Science Direct, and Springer. All papers based on traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological properties have been analyzed and summarized in this review. The elaborative results vindicate that extracts and phytoconstituents from C. dichotoma exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects and hold significant prospects in major health conditions.

Anticancer Activity of Cordia dichotoma against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines and Their Phytochemical Profiling via HPLC and GCMS

The current study was conducted to examine the in vitro anticancer potential of Cordia dichotoma (bark, leaves, pulp and seed). The plant material was collected from UT of J&K and methodical bioassays were carried out on ten human cancer cell lines (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast (MDA-MB-231), Neuroblastoma-2a (N2A), SH-SY5Y, U-251, HCT-116, SW-620, A-549, MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1) from five different origins (breast, CNS, colon, lung, pancreas) respectively. Methanolic extracts were produced and fractions were then obtained from the extracts and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Mechanistic assays, HPLC, and GCMS profiling were performed on the highest active fraction. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay determined the in vitro cytotoxicity. The findings revealed that the bark portion had in vitro cytotoxicity against the A-549 human lung cancer cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the plant’s bark has anticancer properties and induced chromatin condensation, confirmed cell death via ROS generation, and significantly decreased colony formation in A-549 cell line from lung origin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HPLC and GCMS investigations indicated the presence of a number of bioactive molecules such as gallic acid (144,969.86) uV*sec, caffeic acid (104.26) uV*sec, ferulic acid (472.87) uV*sec, vanillic acid (13,775.39) uV*sec, palmitic acid (18.34%), cis vaccenic acid (28.81%), etc. and one of the compounds was reported for the first time from the bark. As a result of its promising efficacy, it may become an essential cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic medication for patients with lung carcinoma.

Bioactive Extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana Induces Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Epithelial Carcinoma Cells through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Background:

In recent years, novel metabolites isolated from botanical sources have been attracted much attention due to their traditional and therapeutic significance. The ethnopharmacological studies suggest that Ziziphus mauritiana is a common remedy against several kinds of ailments.

Objective:

The current study has evaluated the MeOH extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (ZME) through physicochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic fingerprinting analysis, which displayed an array of biometabolites of pharmacological significance, including flavonoids.

Methods:

The extract was further examined for anticancer activities, which revealed promising anticancer properties against human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549) and induction of apoptosis impart by ROS. The oxidative stress was evaluated in terms of production and accumulation of cytosolic extent of ROS, whereas anticancer perspective was determined by MTT assay, cell morphology analysis, followed by nuclear condensation for the examination of apoptosis induction.

Results:

Finding suggests that the MeOH extract of ZME markedly exhibited promising anticancer activity against the A549 lung epithelial carcinoma cell. The ZME was found to be most active in the MTT assay against A549 cells, while it was less toxic to normal cells. The intracellular ROS generation was remarkably induced by ZME, which correlated with the ability of the flavonoidrich fractions in the MeOH extract to inhibit cell growth and might induce apoptosis.

Conclusion:

The present study provides useful insight concerning the promising anticancer potential of ZME against A549 lung carcinomas. However, the clinical correlation will be required for its authorization and the discovery of significant and least noxious novel agents against lung carcinomas.

Induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression by a series of mediterranean botanicals and their constituents

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

A variety of Mediterranean plant species, traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of several health conditions, contain ingredients with potential biological activity of which many remain unexplored. Among the beneficial health effects of bioactive phytochemicals is the activation of cellular defense mechanisms involving the activation of EpRE (electrophile responsive element) - mediated changes in gene expression.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The present study aimed to identify botanicals and their active constituents able to activate the EpRE mediated gene expression within a series of Mediterranean plant species known for their hepatoprotective and/or cardioprotective properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Methanolic extracts of 18 botanicals were prepared and tested for their ability to induce gene expression in EpRE-LUX reporter cells. Subsequently, LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis combined with MAGMa (MS Annotation based on in silico Generated Metabolites) software for automated compound annotation was used to facilitate tentative identification of the active constituents within two of the active extracts. Selected annotated compounds were tested in the EpRE-LUX reporter gene assay followed by definite identification of the most active ones.

RESULTS

It appeared that 9 of the 18 extracts were able to activate EpRE-mediated gene expression. Many active ingredients of the methanolic extracts from Juglans regia and Rhamnus frangula were revealed. Among them, chrysophanol and aloe-emodin were confirmed to be active EpRE inducing ingredients and were definitely identified in the Rhamnus Frangula extract.

CONCLUSIONS

The protective effect of half of the tested botanical varieties via the activation of EpRE-mediated gene expression was confirmed. The study also provided an example of how in vitro bioassays can be combined with LC-MS and the automated chemical annotation software MAGMa, to identify biologically active constituents in complex botanical extracts.