1
|
Kurmaz SV, Perepelitsina EO, Vasiliev SG, Avilova IA, Khodos II, Kurmaz VA, Chernyaev DA, Soldatova YV, Filatova NV, Faingold II. Macromolecular Design and Engineering of New Amphiphilic N-Vinylpyrrolidone Terpolymers for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15170. [PMID: 37894851 PMCID: PMC10607074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New amphiphilic VP-(di)methacrylate terpolymers of different monomer compositions and topologies have been synthesized by radical polymerization in toluene without any growth regulator of polymer chains. Their structures and properties in solid state and water solution were studied by double-detector size-exclusion chromatography; IR-, 1H, and 13C NMR-spectroscopy; DLS, TEM, TG, and DSC methods. The composition of the VP-AlkMA-TEGDM monomer mixture has been established to regulate the topology of the resulting macromolecules. The studied terpolymers presented on TEM images as individual low-contrast particles and their conglomerates of various sizes with highly ordered regions; in general, they are amorphous structures. None of the terpolymers demonstrated cytotoxic effects for noncancerous Vero and tumor HeLa cells. Hydrophobic D-α-tocopherol (TP) was encapsulated in terpolymer nanoparticles (NPs), and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS (radical monocation 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) or DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods. The reaction efficiency depends on the TP-NP type. The IC50 values for the decolorization reaction of ABTS•+ and DPPH inhibition in the presence of initial and encapsulated TP were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Kurmaz
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Evgenia O. Perepelitsina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Sergey G. Vasiliev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Irina A. Avilova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Igor I. Khodos
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Kurmaz
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Dmitry A. Chernyaev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Yuliya V. Soldatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Natalia V. Filatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| | - Irina I. Faingold
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (E.O.P.); (S.G.V.); (I.A.A.); (V.A.K.); (D.A.C.); (Y.V.S.); (N.V.F.); (I.I.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Balafouti A, Pispas S. Hyperbranched Copolymers of Methacrylic Acid and Lauryl Methacrylate H-P(MAA-co-LMA): Synthetic Aspects and Interactions with Biorelevant Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041198. [PMID: 37111683 PMCID: PMC10140914 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel copolymers using one-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of biocompatible methacrylic acid (MAA), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and difunctional ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a branching agent is reported. The obtained amphiphilic hyperbranched H-P(MAA-co-LMA) copolymers are molecularly characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently investigated in terms of their self-assembly behavior in aqueous media. The formation of nanoaggregates of varying size, mass, and homogeneity, depending on the copolymer composition and solution conditions such as concentration or pH variation, is demonstrated by light scattering and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, drug encapsulation properties are studied by incorporating the low bioavailability drug, curcumin, in the nano-aggregate hydrophobic domains, which can also act as a bioimaging agent. The interaction of polyelectrolyte MAA units with model proteins is described to examine protein complexation capacity relevant to enzyme immobilization strategies, as well as explore copolymer self-assembly in simulated physiological media. The results confirm that these copolymer nanosystems could provide competent biocarriers for imaging and drug or protein delivery/enzyme immobilization applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Balafouti
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zaremski MY, Melik-Nubarov NS, Grozdova ID, Aliev EE, Rumyantsev SA. Amphiphilic Copolymers of Different Structure Based on Poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis, Physico-Chemical Properties, and Cytotoxicity. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222700126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Wang F, Li J, Lu L, Yan X, Xie Z, Qi D. Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Polymer/Pigment Hybrid Latex via Sulfur-Free RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenping Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziwen Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dongming Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu L, Zhong S, Zuo T, Wang T, Cai Y, Yi L. Facile Synthesis of Soap-Free Latexes of Methacrylic Copolymers via Sulfur-Free Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Emulsion Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xu
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Shenjie Zhong
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Tian Zuo
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Teng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cai
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lingmin Yi
- Institute of Advanced Functional Coatings, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muang-Non P, Lim KF, Katselas A, Holdsworth CI. Molecular Imprinting Using a Functional Chain Transfer Agent. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041162. [PMID: 35208956 PMCID: PMC8877225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular imprinting using a functional chain transfer agent sans a functional monomer. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)-based MIPs were synthesised in the presence of thioglycolic acid (TGA) possessing a carboxylic acid group, capable of interacting with the chosen test template R,S-(±)-propranolol (PNL) and a labile S-H bond to facilitate an efficient chain transfer reaction. Quantitative 1H NMR measurements showed high PNL and TGA incorporation within the MIP, indicating an efficient chain transfer process and a favourable interaction between PNL and TGA. TGA-50, with the lowest amount of CTA, showed the largest imprinting effect and an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.1. The addition of MAA to the formulation improved the binding capacity of PNL to the MIP but also increased NIP binding, resulting in a slightly decreased IF of 1.5. The Kd for the high-affinity sites of the TGA/MAA MIP were found to be two times lower (10 ± 1 μM) than that for the high-affinity sites of the TGA-only MIPs, suggesting that the incorporation of the functional monomer MAA increases the affinity towards the PNL template. Selectivity studies, cross-reactivity as well as binary competitive and displacement assays showed the TGA-based MIPs to be highly selective towards PNL against pindolol and slightly competitive against atenolol. The morphologies of the polymers were shown to be affected by the concentration of the TGA, transforming into discrete macrospheres (from small aggregates) at a higher TGA concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phonlakrit Muang-Non
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.M.-N.); (K.F.L.); (A.K.)
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K. Fremielle Lim
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.M.-N.); (K.F.L.); (A.K.)
- The Product Makers, 50/60 Popes Road, Keysborough, VIC 3173, Australia
| | - Anthony Katselas
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.M.-N.); (K.F.L.); (A.K.)
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clovia I. Holdsworth
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.M.-N.); (K.F.L.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4921-5481
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amphiphilic copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with (di)methacrylates as promising carriers for the platinum(IV) complex with antitumor activity. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
New complexes of metformin based on the copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and their activity in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Saadati A, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F. Biomedical application of hyperbranched polymers: Recent Advances and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
10
|
Kurmaz SV, Fadeeva NV, Grishchuk AA, Emel’yanova NS, Ignat’ev VM, Shilov GV, Soldatova YV, Faingold II, Kotel’nikova RA. Hybrid Materials Based on Dimethylbiguanide (Metformin) and Copolymer of N-Vinylpyrrolidone with Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x2102005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Synthesis of poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate)s and their segmental motion study. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Upadhyaya S, Konwar A, Chowdhury D, Sarma NS. High-performance water-borne fluorescent acrylic-based adhesive: synthesis and application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25408-25417. [PMID: 35518622 PMCID: PMC9055326 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-borne adhesives have immense importance in cellulose-based materials, where their durability, handling, and strength remain to be a major concern. The present work demonstrates the development of three water-borne adhesives, namely, poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid), poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid), and poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) applicable for cellulose-based materials. These acrylic-acid based adhesives were characterized by Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, and universal testing machine. The synthesized polymer adhesives can be stored in the powder form for a longer period, thus utilizing less space. In order to use as adhesives, suitable formulations can be prepared in water. The adhesives show thermal stability up to 300 °C. Our studies show that poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) showed higher lap shear strength (ASTM D-906) than commercially available adhesives. In addition, these adhesives, being fluorescent in nature, can be detected under UV light and thus are applicable for the detection of fractured joints of any specimen. This property also helps in anti-counterfeiting applications, thus adding further to their utility. Synthesis and application of a water-borne fluorescent acrylic adhesive, which can be stored as a powder for long-term use.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiran Upadhyaya
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Achyut Konwar
- Materials Nanochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Materials Nanochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kavand A, Anton N, Vandamme T, Serra CA, Chan-Seng D. Synthesis and functionalization of hyperbranched polymers for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 321:285-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Kabir SF, Adlington K, Parsons AJ, Ahmed I, Irvine DJ. Comparison of thermal, thermomechanical, and rheological properties of blends of divinylbenzene‐based hyperbranched and linear functionalized polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya F. Kabir
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kevin Adlington
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrew J. Parsons
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Zhou D, Lyu J, A S, Xu Q, Newland B, Matyjaszewski K, Tai H, Wang W. Complex polymer architectures through free-radical polymerization of multivinyl monomers. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:194-212. [PMID: 37128047 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The construction of complex polymer architectures with well-defined topology, composition and functionality has been extensively explored as the molecular basis for the development of modern polymer materials. The unique reaction kinetics of free-radical polymerization leads to the concurrent formation of crosslinks between polymer chains and rings within an individual chain and, thus, free-radical (co)polymerization of multivinyl monomers provides a facile method to manipulate chain topology and functionality. Regulating the relative contribution of these intermolecular and intramolecular chain-propagation reactions is the key to the construction of architecturally complex polymers. This can be achieved through the design of new monomers or by spatially or kinetically controlling crosslinking reactions. These mechanisms enable the synthesis of various polymer architectures, including linear, cyclized, branched and star polymer chains, as well as crosslinked networks. In this Review, we highlight some of the contemporary experimental strategies to prepare complex polymer architectures using radical polymerization of multivinyl monomers. We also examine the recent development of characterization techniques for sub-chain connections in such complex macromolecules. Finally, we discuss how these crosslinking reactions have been engineered to generate advanced polymer materials for use in a variety of biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Structure-property relationships via complementary hydrodynamic approaches: Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Kurmaz SV, Sen’ VD, Kulikov AV, Konev DV, Kurmaz VA, Balakina AA, Terent’ev AA. Polymer nanoparticles of N-vinylpyrrolidone loaded with an organic aminonitroxyl platinum (iv) complex. Characterization and investigation of their in vitro cytotoxicity. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Demarteau J, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C. Organocobalt Complexes as Sources of Carbon-Centered Radicals for Organic and Polymer Chemistries. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6906-6955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Demarteau
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Flynn S, Dwyer AB, Chambon P, Rannard S. Expanding the monomer scope of linear and branched vinyl polymerisations via copper-catalysed reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation of hydrophobic methacrylates using anhydrous alcohol solvents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of anhydrous alcohols for Cu-catalysed reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation of a wide range of hydrophobic methacrylates has been explored in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Flynn
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | | | | | - Steve Rannard
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Patias G, Wemyss AM, Efstathiou S, Town JS, Atkins CJ, Shegiwal A, Whitfield R, Haddleton DM. Controlled synthesis of methacrylate and acrylate diblock copolymers via end-capping using CCTP and FRP. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a method for preparing acrylic-methacrylic diblock copolymers via end-capping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James S. Town
- University of Warwick
- Department of Chemistry
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kong L, Jiang B. Free radical branching homopolymerization of asymmetrical divinyl monomers in isopropyl alcohol. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Sharif Makhmal Zadeh B, Esfahani G, Salimi A. Permeability of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Including Ginsenoside as P-glycoprotein Inhibitor through a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer as an Intestinal Absorption Model. Molecules 2018; 23:E1904. [PMID: 30065147 PMCID: PMC6222528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The low oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin is associated with two distinct challenges: its low aqueous solubility and efflux by p-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the intestinal membrane. Several studies were conducted in order to improve its solubility and permeability through the gastrointestinal membrane. In this study, in a full factorial design study, eight polymeric micelles were prepared and their characteristics, including particle size, loading and release rate were evaluated. Polymeric micelles demonstrated particle sizes below 190 nm and 27⁻88% loading efficiency. Drug release was affected by drug solubility, polymeric micelle erosion and swelling in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. An optimized polymeric micelle was prepared based on appropriate characteristics such as high drug loading and low particle size; and was used for a permeation study on Caco-2 cells. Optimized polymeric micelles with and without ginsenoside and ginsenoside alone enhanced drug permeability through Caco-2 cells significantly in the absorptive direction. The effect of ginsenoside was dose dependent and the maximum effect was seen in 0.23 mg/mL concentration. Results showed that P-gp may not be responsible for ciprofloxacin secretion into the gut. The main mechanism of ciprofloxacin transport through Caco-2 cells in both directions is active diffusion and P-gp has inhibitory effects on ciprofloxacin permeability in the absorptive direction that was blocked by ginsenoside and micelles without ginsenoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Golbarg Esfahani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Kinetics of emulsion polymerization of hydrophilic vinyl monomers in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and technological principles of their synthesis are determined. Reasonable technological parameters in the synthesis of copolymers are determined. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized copolymers (surface tension, the size of latex particles, and pH) are determined. Synthesized graft copolymers were used to create high-adhesion polymer-monomer compositions. These compositions have high reactivity at room temperature. It can be regulated by the nature of the polymer matrix and the introduction of comonomers and fillers due to the influence of physicochemical factors on the process of polymer formation. The rate of polymerization and the degree of monomer conversion largely depend on the nature of the polymer matrix. The highest polymerization rate and the maximum degree of conversion are observed when using a copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polymethylmethacrylate. Materials based on the developed compositions are characterized by a low residual monomer content and high operational properties, such as surface hardness, Vicat softening temperature, and adhesive bond strength to supports of different nature.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin Y, Men S, Weng Y. An investigation of the impact of an amino-ended hyperbranched polymer as a new type of modifier on the compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends using amino-ended hyperbranched polymers (HBP) as modifiers were prepared by melt-mixing through a double-roller mill and injection molding. It was found that when the content of HBP was 2.5 phr, the elongation at break and the impact strength of PLA/PBAT blends both reached peak values. Moreover, by addition of HBP, the ΔTg of the blends was smaller. These results, together with Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images on the fractured morphology of the blends, indicate that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT is improved upon addition of HBP. The mechanism of the impact of HBP on the improvement of the compatibility between PLA and PBAT is proposed based upon Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Jin
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P.R. China
| | - Shuang Men
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Shenyang Ligong University , Shenyang 110159 , P.R. China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roshchupkin VP, Berezin MP, Kiryukhin DP. Radiation polymerization of methacrylates controlled by a chain transfer catalyst. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143917010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Cauldbeck H, Le Hellaye M, Long M, Kennedy SM, Williams RL, Kearns VR, Rannard SP. Controlling drug release from non-aqueous environments: Moderating delivery from ocular silicone oil drug reservoirs to combat proliferative vitreoretinopathy. J Control Release 2016; 244:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
27
|
Garcia-Amorós J, Tang S, Zhang Y, Thapaliya ER, Raymo FM. Self-Assembling Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Polymers for In Vitro and In Vivo FRET Imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 370:29-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
28
|
Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Porsch C, Zhang Y, Montañez MI, Malho JM, Kostiainen MA, Nyström AM, Malmström E. Disulfide-Functionalized Unimolecular Micelles as Selective Redox-Responsive Nanocarriers. Biomacromolecules 2015. [PMID: 26200248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive hyperbranched dendritic-linear polymers (HBDLPs) were prepared and stabilized individually as unimolecular micelles with diameters in the range 25-40 nm. The high molecular weight (500-950 kDa), core-shell amphiphilic structures were synthesized through a combination of self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Cleavable disulfide bonds were introduced, either in the backbone, or in pendant groups, of the hyperbranched core of the HBDLPs. By triggered reductive degradation, the HBDLPs showed up to a 7-fold decrease in molecular weight, and the extent of degradation was tuned by the amount of incorporated disulfides. The HBDLP with pendant disulfide-linked functionalities in the hyperbranched core was readily postfunctionalized with a hydrophobic dye, as a mimic for a drug. An instant release of the dye was observed as a response to a reductive environment similar to the one present intracellularly. The proposed strategy shows a facile route to highly stable unimolecular micelles, which attractively exhibit redox-responsive degradation and cargo release properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Porsch
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria I Montañez
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jani-Markus Malho
- Molecular Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Andreas M Nyström
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Das T, Sengupta S, Ghorai UK, Dey A, Bandyopadhyay A. Sequential amphiphilic and pH responsive hyperbranched copolymer: influence of hyper branching/pendant groups on reversible self assembling from polymersomes to aggregates and usefulness in waste water treatment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched copolymers self assembled from polymersomes to aggregates and encapsulated both hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules but with varied retention proficiency depending upon the medium pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamalika Das
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Srijoni Sengupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry
- Swami Vivekananda Research Center
- Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira
- Howrah-711202
- India
| | - Ayan Dey
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aish EH. Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Chemically Grafted SiH-Functionalized Tripodal Ti-POSS Complexes in Crosslinked Hyperbranched Poly(siloxysilane). Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the synthesis, activity, epoxide selectivity, H2O2 efficiency, and recyclability of new heterogeneous alkene epoxidation catalysts prepared by chemical grafting of new SiH-functionalized tripodal Ti–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Ti-POSS) complexes in hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane) via hydrosilation. Crosslinked hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)-grafted [{(p-HSiMe2(CH2)2C6H4)(c-C6H11)6Si7O12}Ti(NMe2)] (11) and crosslinked hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)-grafted [{(HSiMe2(CH2)3)(i-C4H9)6Si7O12}- Ti(NMe2)] (12) displayed high activity, epoxide selectivity (≥98 %), and H2O2 efficiency (≥97 %) in cyclohexene and 1-octene epoxidation with aqueous H2O2. Moreover, these catalysts were highly recyclable with retained activity and durability and proved to be truly heterogeneous. Using chemical grafting for the synthesis of 11 and 12 enhanced their recyclability and durability with retained activity. The high H2O2 efficiency can be attributed to the uniformly non-polar environment provided about Ti in 11 and 12 by the polymer; this results in low water concentrations and higher [alkene] : [H2O2] ratios at the Ti active site than in the rest of the solution. These effects enhance the epoxide selectivity and minimize leaching of titanium.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chatterjee S, Ramakrishnan S. Understanding Self-Segregation of Immiscible Peripheral Segments in Pseudodendritic Hyperbranched Polydithioacetals: Formation of Improved Janus Structures. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:953-957. [PMID: 35596367 DOI: 10.1021/mz500424t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally heterofunctionalized hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) undergo immiscibility-driven self-segregation of the outer segments to form Janus molecular entities (Macromolecules 2012, 45, 2348). In HBPs prepared via AB2 type self-condensation, single-step peripheral heterofunctionalization would lead to random distribution of the two types of terminal units, namely, homofunctionalized (homo-T) and heterofunctionalized (hetero-T) termini. Here, we examine the role of such hetero-T units on the self-segregation of heterofunctionalized pseudodendritic hyperbranched polydithioacetals. Three different heterofunctionalized HB dithioacetals bearing roughly 50 mol % each of docsyl (C-22) and MPEG-350 chains at the periphery were prepared: one of them carried a statistical distribution of homo-T and hetero-T units, and the other carried only two types of homo-T (-TR1R1 and -TR2R2) termini, whereas the third carried largely hetero-T (-TR1R2) termini. Careful examination of DSC and SAXS data reveals that the self-segregation is most effective in HBPs devoid of hetero-T units; interestingly, however, it also showed that randomly heterofunctionalized HBPs self-segregated nearly as effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department
of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department
of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kurochkin SA, Silant’ev MA, Perepelitsyna EO, Grachev VP. Synthesis of branched polymers via radical copolymerization under oxygen inflow. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|