1
|
Sharafeldin M, Rusling JF. Multiplexed electrochemical assays for clinical applications. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 39:101256. [PMID: 37006828 PMCID: PMC10062004 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accurate diagnoses are central to future efficient healthcare to identify diseases at early stages, avoid unnecessary treatment, and improve outcomes. Electrochemical techniques have been applied in many ways to support clinical applications by enabling the analysis of relevant disease biomarkers in user-friendly, sensitive, low-cost assays. Electrochemistry offers a launchpad for multiplexed biomarker assays that offer more accurate and precise diagnostics compared to single biomarker assays. In this short review, we underpin the importance of multiplexed analyses and provide a universal overview of current electrochemical assay strategies for multiple biomarkers. We highlight relevant examples of electrochemical methods that successfully quantify important disease biomarkers. Finally, we offer a future outlook on possible strategies that can be employed to increase throughput, sensitivity, and specificity of multiplexed electrochemical assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland. H91 TK33
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mouillard F, Ferté T, Voirin E, Méry S, Masson P, Carradò A. Use of a Photocleavable Initiator to Characterize Polymer Chains Grafted onto a Metal Plate with the Grafting-from Method. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051265. [PMID: 36904506 PMCID: PMC10007346 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thorough characterization of polymer chains grafted through a "grafting-from" process onto substrates based on the determination of number (Mn) and weight (Mw) average molar masses, as well as dispersity (Ɖ), is quite challenging. It requires the cleavage of grafted chains selectively at the polymer-substrate bond without polymer degradation to allow their analysis in solution with steric exclusion chromatography, in particular. The study herein describes a technique for the selective cleavage of PMMA grafted onto titanium substrate (Ti-PMMA) using an anchoring molecule that combines an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator and a UV-cleavable moiety. This technique allows the demonstration of the efficiency of the ATRP of PMMA on titanium substrates and verification that the chains were grown homogeneously.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu G, Sun X, Li X, Wang Z. The Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications of Polymer Modified Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:826. [PMID: 35215740 PMCID: PMC8878960 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers with different structures and morphology have been extensively used to construct functionalized surfaces for a wide range of applications because the physicochemical properties of polymers can be finely adjusted by their molecular weights, polydispersity and configurations, as well as the chemical structures and natures of monomers. In particular, the specific functions of polymers can be easily achieved at post-synthesis by the attachment of different kinds of active molecules such as recognition ligand, peptides, aptamers and antibodies. In this review, the recent advances in the bioanalytical and biomedical applications of polymer modified substrates were summarized with subsections on functionalization using branched polymers, polymer brushes and polymer hydrogels. The review focuses on their applications as biosensors with excellent analytical performance and/or as nonfouling surfaces with efficient antibacterial activity. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future directions of polymer modified substrates in the development of biodevices for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China; (G.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xudong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China; (G.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pikula M, Ali MM, Filipe C, Hoare T. Single-Step Printable Hydrogel Microarray Integrating Long-Chain DNA for the Discriminative and Size-Specific Sensing of Nucleic Acids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2360-2370. [PMID: 33411496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach to fabricating hydrogel-based DNA microarrays is reported by physically entrapping the rolling circle amplification (RCA) product inside printable in situ gelling hydrazone cross-linked poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) hydrogels. The hydrogel-printed RCA microarray facilitates improved RCA immobilization (>65% even after vigorous washing) and resistance to denaturation relative to RCA-only printed microarrays in addition to size-discriminative sensing of DNA probes (herein, 27 or fewer nucleotides) depending on the internal porosity of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the high number of sequence repeats in the concatemeric RCA product enables high-sensitivity detection of complementary DNA probes without the need for signal amplification, with signal/noise ratios of 10 or more achieved over a short 30 min assay time followed by minimal washing. The inherent antifouling properties of the hydrogel enable discriminative hybridization in complex biological samples, particularly for short (∼10 nt) oligonucleotides whose hybridization in other assays tends to be transient and of low affinity. The scalable manufacturability and efficient performance of these hydrogel-printed RCA microarrays thus offer potential for rapid, parallel, and inexpensive sensing of short DNA/RNA biomarkers and ligands, a critical current challenge in diagnostic and affinity screening assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milana Pikula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - M Monsur Ali
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Carlos Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keating JJ, Plawsky JL. Radical Lifetimes in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Monte Carlo and Deterministic Investigation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Keating
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Joel L. Plawsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Q, Gan S, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Han D, Niu L. Controlled/“living” radical polymerization-based signal amplification strategies for biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3327-3340. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Controlled/“living” radical polymerization-based signal amplification strategies and their applications in highly sensitive biosensing of clinically relevant biomolecules are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu W, Ma L, Guo Z, Liu T, Liu Y, Wang D, Kong J. A Fluorescent Sensor Based on Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization for the Early Diagnosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. ANAL SCI 2019; 36:681-686. [PMID: 31839663 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel, ultrasensitive and low-cost sensor using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a signal amplification strategy for the detection of CYFRA 21-1 DNA fragment, a tumor marker of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were firstly immobilized on magnetic beads (MBs) to capture the CYFRA 21-1 DNA specifically. After hybridization, CPAD was tethered to the hetero duplexes through carboxylate-Zr4+-phosphate chemistry. Subsequently, a number of fluorescent tags were introduced to the heteroduplexes through RAFT polymerization, leading to an amplification of the fluorescence signal. The sensor demonstrates a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 fM. It has great selectivity with respect to base mismatch DNA, and high anti-interference ability in normal human serum. Overall findings of the study suggest that proposed sensor holds enormous potential to be used as a tool for the early-stage diagnosis of lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Outpatient Integrated Systems Division, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou
| | - Ligang Ma
- Department of Mathematical and Chemical, Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhuangzhuang Guo
- Department of Mathematical and Chemical, Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Mathematical and Chemical, Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Mathematical and Chemical, Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dazhong Wang
- Outpatient Integrated Systems Division, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin J, Li S. Utilization of a Multiple Cloning Site as a Versatile Platform for DNA Triblock Copolymer Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2563-2572. [PMID: 31545903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA-containing block copolymers have utility in a wide range of biomedical applications. However, synthesis of these hybrid materials, especially ones with complex chain structures, remains to be a major challenge. Here, we report the use of a combination of restriction enzyme sites and ligation enzymes to synthesize DNA triblock copolymers. In contrast to triblock structures held together by DNA hybridization, the newly synthesized DNA triblocks have all blocks connected by covalent bonds. The improved stability of the triblocks against environmental factors such as urea denaturing is confirmed. Furthermore, we incorporate a multiple cloning site (MCS) into the DNA block copolymers and show that the restriction sites can be cut by their corresponding restriction enzymes, generating diblocks with different sticky ends. By utilizing these sticky ends of specific sequences, the cut diblocks are further ligated to create a variety of triblock copolymers with different DNA center blocks and synthetic polymer end blocks. This study presents a versatile platform based on MCS for the synthesis and regeneration of a range of DNA-containing block copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehae Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He P, Lou X, Woody SM, He L. Amplification-by-Polymerization in Biosensing for Human Genomic DNA Detection. ACS Sens 2019; 4:992-1000. [PMID: 30942069 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A polymerization reaction was employed as a signal amplification method to realize direct visualization of gender-specific DNA extracted from human blood in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free fashion. Clear distinction between X and Y chromosomes was observed by naked eyes for detector-free sensing purposes. The grown polymer films atop X and Y chromosomes were quantitatively measured by ellipsometry for thickness readings. Detection assays have been optimized for genomic DNA recognition to a maximum extent by varying the selection of the proper blocking reagents, the annealing temperature, and the annealing time. Traditional PCR and gel electrophoresis for amplicon identification were conducted in parallel for performance comparison. In the blind test for blood samples examined by the new approach, 25 out of 26 were correct and one was false negative, which was comparable to, if not better than, the PCR results. This is the first time our amplification-by-polymerization technique is being used for chromosome DNA analysis. The potential of adopting the described sensing technique without PCR was demonstrated, which could further promote the development of a portable, PCR-free DNA sensing device for point-of-need applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Susan M. Woody
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Fromel M, Ranaweera D, Rocha S, Boyer C, Pester CW. SI-PET-RAFT: Surface-Initiated Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:374-380. [PMID: 35651140 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, surface-initiated photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT) is introduced. SI-PET-RAFT affords functionalization of surfaces with spatiotemporal control and provides oxygen tolerance under ambient conditions. All hallmarks of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) are met, affording well-defined polymerization kinetics, and chain end retention to allow subsequent extension of active chain ends to form block copolymers. The modularity and versatility of SI-PET-RAFT is highlighted through significant flexibility with respect to the choice of monomer, light source and wavelength, and photoredox catalyst. The ability to obtain complex patterns in the presence of air is a significant contribution to help pave the way for CRP-based surface functionalization into commercial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dhanesh Ranaweera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sergio Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goding J, Vallejo-Giraldo C, Syed O, Green R. Considerations for hydrogel applications to neural bioelectronics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1625-1636. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have garnered interest as materials in bioelectronics due to the capacity to tailor their properties. Appropriate selection and design of hydrogel systems for this application requires an understanding of the physical, chemical and biological properties as well as their structure–property relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Goding
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW72AS
- UK
| | | | - Omaer Syed
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW72AS
- UK
| | - Rylie Green
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW72AS
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Banu M, Simion M, Popescu MC, Varasteanu P, Kusko M, Farcasanu IC. Specific detection of stable single nucleobase mismatch using SU-8 coated silicon nanowires platform. Talanta 2018; 185:281-290. [PMID: 29759201 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel microarray platform for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detection has been developed using silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as support and two different surface modification methods for attaining the necessary functional groups. Accordingly, we compared the detection specificity and stability over time of the probes printed on SiNWs modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GAD), or coated with a simpler procedure using epoxy-based SU-8 photoresist. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for comparative characterization of the unmodified and coated SiNWs. The hybridization efficiency was assessed by comprehensive statistical analysis of the acquired data from confocal fluorescence scanning of the manufactured biochips. The high detection specificity between the hybridized probes containing different mismatch types was demonstrated on SU-8 coating by one way ANOVA test (adjusted p value *** < .0001). The stability over time of the probes tethered on SiNWs coated with SU-8 was evaluated after 1, 4, 8 and 21 days of probe incubation, revealing values for coefficient of variation (CV) between 2.4% and 5.6%. The signal-to-both-standard-deviations ratio measured for SU-8 coated SiNWs platform was similar to the commercial support, while the APTES-GAD coated SiNWs exhibited the highest values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Banu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies - IMT Bucharest, 126 A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Avenue, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Simion
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies - IMT Bucharest, 126 A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marian C Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies - IMT Bucharest, 126 A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pericle Varasteanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies - IMT Bucharest, 126 A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Kusko
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies - IMT Bucharest, 126 A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Avenue, 050095, Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Deng B, Palermo EF, Shi Y. Comparison of chain-growth polymerization in solution versus on surface using reactive coarse-grained simulations. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Yuksekdag YN, Gevrek TN, Sanyal A. Diels-Alder "Clickable" Polymer Brushes: A Versatile Catalyst-Free Conjugation Platform. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:415-420. [PMID: 35610862 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric brushes provide an attractive functional interface for a variety of applications in materials and biomedical sciences. Facile access to functionalized brushes can be realized through effective postpolymerization functionalization of reactive brushes. Over the past decade, efficient chemical transformations based on various "click" reactions have been employed for functionalization of polymeric brushes. This paper reports the first example of utilization of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction based functionalization strategy that allows efficient conjugation of maleimide-containing molecules onto furan-containing polymer brushes under mild and reagent-free conditions. Polymers incorporating furan groups as side chains are "grafted from" silicon oxide surfaces and investigated toward their functionalization. Brushes are fabricated using atom transfer radical polymerization with varying amounts of furfuryl methacrylate to enable control over extent of functionalization, along with a poly(ethylene glycol) chain containing methacrylate as a comonomer to impart hydrophilic and antibiofouling characteristics. Functionalization of these reactive brushes were investigated through the immobilization of a model compound N-ethylmaleimide, a fluorescent dye BODIPY-maleimide, and a maleimide-containing biotin based ligand to direct the immobilization of streptavidin-coated quantum dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Nursel Yuksekdag
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Laure W, Fournier D, Woisel P, Lyskawa J. Reversible Tethering of Polymers onto Catechol-Based Titanium Platforms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3434-3443. [PMID: 28291361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the reversible tethering of end-functionalized polymers onto catechol-based titanium platforms by exploiting the reversible Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition reaction. For this purpose, furan and maleimide end-functionalized polymers, prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, were covalently grafted through a DA reaction onto reactive titanium platforms elaborated from catechol-based anchors incorporating either the furan or the maleimide moiety. As a proof of concept, a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)acrylate) (POEGA) and a hydrophobic poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate) (PTFEA) were grafted onto titanium surfaces and subsequently detached by exploiting the thermoreversible nature of the DA reaction [i.e., retro Diels-Alder (rDA)]. These polymers were interchanged by performing a second DA reaction, thereby allowing the titanium surface wettability to be switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic on demand. The grafting of furan/maleimide end-functionalized polymers onto functionalized (maleimide/furan, respectively) catechol-based titanium platforms and the subsequent rDA/DA sequence used for switching the titanium surface were evidenced by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Laure
- Université Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Fournier
- Université Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patrice Woisel
- Université Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille, France
- ENSCL , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- Université Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malinowska KH, Nash MA. Enzyme- and affinity biomolecule-mediated polymerization systems for biological signal amplification and cell screening. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Randriamahazaka H, Ghilane J. Electrografting and Controlled Surface Functionalization of Carbon Based Surfaces for Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
19
|
Bilgic T, Klok HA. Oligonucleotide Immobilization and Hybridization on Aldehyde-Functionalized Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Brushes. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3657-65. [PMID: 26441148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA biosensing requires high oligonucleotide binding capacity interface chemistries that can be tuned to maximize probe presentation as well as hybridization efficiency. This contribution investigates the feasibility of aldehyde-functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush-based interfaces for oligonucleotide binding and hybridization. These polymer brushes, which allow covalent immobilization of oligonucleotides, are prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of HEMA followed by a postpolymerization oxidation step to generate side chain aldehyde groups. A series of polymer brushes covering a range of film thicknesses and grafting densities was investigated with regard to their oligonucleotide binding capacity as well as their ability to support oligonucleotide hybridization. Densely grafted brushes were found to have probe oligonucleotide binding capacities of up to ∼30 pmol/cm(2). Increasing the thickness of these densely grafted brush films, however, resulted in a decrease in the oligonucleotide binding capacity. Less densely grafted brushes possess binding capacities of ∼10 pmol/cm(2), which did not significantly depend on film thickness. The oligonucleotide hybridization efficiencies, however, were highest (93%) on those brushes that present the lowest surface concentration of the probe oligonucleotide. These results highlight the importance of optimizing the probe oligonucleotide surface concentration and binding interface chemistry. The versatility and tunability of the PHEMA-based brushes presented herein makes these films a very attractive platform for the immobilization and hybridization of oligonucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Bilgic
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Y, Hu Z, Xu D, Yu Y, Tang X, Guo H. Studies of Free Radical Polymerization Initiated by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Zhongnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Dawen Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maji S, Zhang Z, Voorhaar L, Pieters S, Stubbe B, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, De Geest BG, Hoogenboom R. Thermoresponsive polymer coated gold nanoparticles: from MADIX/RAFT copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam to salt and temperature induced nanoparticle aggregation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present contribution, we report the synthesis of thermoresponsive homo and statistical copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam and N-vinylpyrrolidone and the corresponding responsive gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarendra Maji
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Lenny Voorhaar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sophie Pieters
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Birgit Stubbe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Editorial: Precision polymer materials. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|