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Bhaladhare S, Bhattacharjee S. Chemical, physical, and biological stimuli-responsive nanogels for biomedical applications (mechanisms, concepts, and advancements): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:535-553. [PMID: 36521697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has influenced the advancements in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The design and formulation of stimuli-responsive nano-drug delivery systems, also called smart drug delivery systems, have attracted significant research worldwide and have been seen as a breakthrough in nanomedicines. The ability of these nanocarriers to respond to external and internal stimuli, such as pH, temperature, redox, electric and magnetic fields, enzymes, etc., has allowed them to deliver the cargo at targeted sites in a controlled fashion. The targeted drug delivery systems limit the harmful side effects on healthy tissue by toxic drugs and furnish spatial and temporal control drug delivery, improved patient compliance, and treatment efficiency. The polymeric nanogels (hydrogel nanoparticles) with stimuli-responsive characteristics have shown great potential in various biomedical, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical fields. It is primarily because of their small size, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stimuli-triggered drug deliverability, high payload capacity, and tailored functionality. This comprehensive review deals distinctively with polymeric nanogels, their chemical, physical, and biological stimuli, the concepts of nanogels response to different stimuli, and recent advancements. This document will further improve the current understanding of stimuli-responsive materials and drug delivery systems and assist in exploring advanced potential applications of these intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Bhaladhare
- Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India.
| | - Sulagna Bhattacharjee
- Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
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Singh G, Majeed A, Singh R, George N, Singh G, Gupta S, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. CuAAC ensembled 1,2,3-triazole linked nanogels for targeted drug delivery: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2912-2936. [PMID: 36756399 PMCID: PMC9847229 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(i) catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), the quintessential example of 'click chemistry', provides an adaptable and adequate platform for the synthesis of nanogels for sustained drug release at targeted sites because of their better biocompatibility. The coupling of drugs, carried out via various synthetic routes including CuAAC, into long-chain polymeric forms like nanogels has exhibited considerable assurance in therapeutic advancements and intracellular drug delivery due to the progression of water solubility, evacuation of precocious drug release, and improved upthrust of the pharmacokinetics of the nanogels, thereby rendering them as better and efficient drug carriers. The inefficiency of drug transmission to the target areas due to the resistance of complex biological barriers in vivo is a major hurdle that impedes the therapeutic translation of nanogels. This review compiles the data of nanogels synthesized specifically via CuAAC 'click' methodology, as scaffolds for targeted drug delivery and their assimilation into nanomedicine. In addition, it elaborates the ability of CuAAC to graft specific moieties and conjugating biomolecules like proteins and growth factors, onto orthogonally functionalized polymer chains with various chemical groups resulting in nanogels that are not only more appealing but also more effective at delivering drugs, thereby enhancing their site-specific target approach and initiating selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Ather Majeed
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Nancy George
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
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Yan J, Zhao C, Ma Y, Yang W. Three-dimensional protein microarrays fabricated on reactive microsphere modified COC substrates. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:293-301. [PMID: 34913463 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) surface structures for the high density immobilization of biomolecules is an effective way to prepare highly sensitive biochips. In this work, a strategy to attach polymeric microspheres on a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate for the preparation of a 3D protein chip was developed. The COC surface was firstly functionalized by the photograft technique with epoxy groups, which were subsequently converted to amine groups. Then monodisperse poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PSM) copolymer microspheres were prepared by self-stabilized precipitation polymerization and deposited as a single layer on a modified COC surface to form a 3D surface texture. The surface roughness of the COC support undergoes a significant increase from 1.4 nm to 37.1 nm after deposition of PSM microspheres with a size of 460 nm, and the modified COC still maintains a transmittance of more than 63% at the fluorescence excitation wavelengths (555 nm and 647 nm). The immobilization efficiency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on the 3D surface reached 75.6% and the immobilization density was calculated to be 0.255 μg cm-2, at a probe protein concentration of 200 μg mL-1. The 3D protein microarray can be rapidly blocked by gaseous ethylenediamine within 10 minutes due to the high reactivity of anhydride groups in PSM microspheres. Immunoassay results show that the 3D protein microarray achieved specific identification of the target protein with a linear detection range from 6.25 ng mL-1 to 250 ng mL-1 (R2 > 0.99) and a limit of detection of 8.87 ng mL-1. This strategy offers a novel way to develop high performance polymer-based 3D protein chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Morales-Moctezuma MD, Spain SG. The effects of cononsolvents on the synthesis of responsive particles via polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Responsive nanogels were synthesised via RAFT-mediated polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly in cononsolvent mixtures of water and ethanol. The solvent mixture affected the particle size, tacticity and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D. Morales-Moctezuma
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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Yu YG, Seo C, Chae CG, Seo HB, Kim MJ, Kang Y, Lee JS. Hydrogen Bonding-Mediated Phase Transition of Polystyrene and Polyhydroxystyrene Bottlebrush Block Copolymers with Polyethylene Glycol. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhee Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Geun Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Xue Y, Tian J, Xu L, Liu Z, Shen Y, Zhang W. Ultrasensitive redox-responsive porphyrin-based polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Salma SA, Patil MP, Kim DW, Le CMQ, Ahn BH, Kim GD, Lim KT. Near-infrared light-responsive, diselenide containing core-cross-linked micelles prepared by the Diels–Alder click reaction for photocontrollable drug release application. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and efficient preparation of a NIR-triggered micelle system for a drug vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Aufar Salma
- Department of Display Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
- Department of Microbiology
- College of Natural Sciences
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kim
- Department of Display Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Department of Display Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology
- College of Natural Sciences
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
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Morphology evolution of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) colloids in the 1,1-diphenylethene controlled soap-free emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Le CMQ, Thi HHP, Cao XT, Kim GD, Oh CW, Lim KT. Redox-responsive core cross-linked micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)-b
-poly(furfuryl methacrylate) by Diels-Alder reaction for doxorubicin release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong M. Q. Le
- Department of Display Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Hai Ha Pham Thi
- Department of Microbiology; College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Xuan Thang Cao
- Department of Display Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology; College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Oh
- Department of Marine Biology; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Li M, Chen X, Xiao C, Zhuang X, Huang Y, Chen X. One-Step "Click Chemistry"-Synthesized Cross-Linked Prodrug Nanogel for Highly Selective Intracellular Drug Delivery and Upregulated Antitumor Efficacy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10673-10682. [PMID: 27077549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric prodrugs formed by the conjugation of drugs onto polymers have shown great promise in cancer therapy because of the enhancement of water solubility, elimination of premature drug release, and the improvement of pharmacokinetics. To integrate the two advantages of upregulated stability during circulation and selective release of drug in cancer cells, a pH and reduction dual-sensitive prodrug nanogel (CLP) was synthesized via a simple one step "click chemistry". CLP was spherically shaped with a uniform diameter of 60.6 ± 13.7 nm and exhibited great stability in size against large volume dilution, high salt concentration, and long-time incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Owing to the presence of hydrazone-bonded doxorubicin (DOX) and disulfide cross-linker, CLP released minimal amount (7.8%) of drug under normal physiological pH (i.e., 7.4) condition. But it released 85.5% of the loaded DOX at endosomal pH (i.e., 5.5) plus the presence of 5.0 mM GSH in 120 h. CLP could be effectively internalized by tumor cells and subsequently release DOX in the intracellular environment, resulting in effective proliferation inhibition of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, compared with free DOX and non-cross-linked prodrug micelle (NCLP), CLP accumulated more in tumor site but less in the normal organs, so that CLP performed the enhanced antitumor efficiency and reduced side-toxicities toward the MCF-7 human breast cancer xenograft nude mouse model. With convenient fabrication, favorable stability, controlled release properties, optimized biodistribution, and enhanced suppression of tumor growth, CLP held great potential for optimal antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Cao XT, Kim YH, Park JM, Lim KT. One-pot syntheses of dual-responsive core cross-linked polymeric micelles and covalently entrapped drug by click chemistry. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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New progress and prospects: The application of nanogel in drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:560-568. [PMID: 26706564 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanogel has attracted considerable attention as one of the most versatile drug delivery systems especially for site-specific and/or time-controlled delivery of bioactive agents owing to their combining features of hydrogel and nanoparticle. Physically synthesized nanogels can offer a platform to encapsulate various types of bioactive compounds, particularly hydrophobic drugs and biomacromolecules, but they have poor mechanical stability, whereas nanogels prepared by chemical cross-link have a wider application and larger flexibility. As an ideal drug-delivery carrier, nanogel has excellent drug loading capacity, high stability, biologic consistence and response to a wide variety of environmental stimuli. Nowadays, targeting and response especially multi-response of the nanogel system for drug delivery have become an issue in research. And the application study of nanogels mainly focuses on antitumor agents and proteins. This review focuses on the formation of nanogels (physical and chemical cross-linking) and their release behavior. Recent application of nanogels is also discussed.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Song W, Wang G. Synthesis and characterization of silica nanoparticles functionalized with multiple TEMPO groups and investigation on their oxidation activity. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel silica nanoparticles functionalized with multiple TEMPO groups were synthesized using a novel, efficient and versatile protocol, and the catalytic activity of SN-g-(PGMA-TEMPO) was evaluated by the oxidation of benzylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Xuepu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Wenguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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