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D′Urso L, Acocella MR, De Santis F, Guerra G, Pantani R. Poly(l-lactic acid) nucleation by alkylated carbon black. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Xu S, Sun C, Yuan W, Zhou J, Xu W, Zheng Y, Yu C, Pan P. Evolution of thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructure in stereocomplexable poly(lactic acid) during physical ageing. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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4
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Nucleating Agents to Enhance Poly(l-Lactide) Fiber Crystallization during Industrial-Scale Melt Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071395. [PMID: 35406268 PMCID: PMC9002846 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleating agent N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalamide (BHET) has promising effects on poly(l-lactide) (PLA) under quiescent conditions and for injection molding applications, but its suitability for industrial-scale fiber melt spinning is unclear. We therefore determined the effects of 1% and 2% (w/w) BHET on the crystallinity, tenacity, and elongation at break of PLA fibers compared to pure PLA and PLA plus talc as a reference nucleating agent. Fibers were spun at take-up velocities of 800, 1400 and 2000 m/min and at drawing at ratios of 1.1–4.0, reaching a final winding speed of 3600 m/min. The fibers were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography and tensile testing. Statistical analysis of variance was used to determine the combined effects of the spin-line parameters on the material properties. We found that the fiber draw ratio and take-up velocity were the most important factors affecting tenacity and elongation, but the addition of BHET reduced the mechanical performance of the fibers. The self-organizing properties of BHET were not expressed due to the rapid quenching of the fibers, leading to the formation of α′-crystals. Understanding the behavior of BHET in the PLA matrix provides information on the performance of nucleation agents during high-speed processing that will allow processing improvements in the future.
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5
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Influence of Content in D Isomer and Incorporation of SBA-15 Silica on the Crystallization Ability and Mechanical Properties in PLLA Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061237. [PMID: 35335567 PMCID: PMC8949796 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two L-rich polylactides (PLLA) with distinct contents in D isomer and their composites with an intermediate amount of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) (about 9 wt.%) particles were attained by melt extrusion for the evaluation of the effect of content in D isomer and incorporation of mesoporous silica on the structural PLLA features and on their ultimate mechanical performance. For that, samples have been crystallized under dynamic and isothermal tests (from the melt and from the glassy states). The results from DSC and X-ray diffraction show obtainment of the pure α’ and α modifications at different intervals of crystallization temperature depending on the D steroisomer amount of the PLLA used. Furthermore, several phase transitions are observed depending on the crystallinity reached and the polymorphs developed during the isothermal crystallization from the glass: an additional cold crystallization, the α’/α transformation and the subsequent melting process, appearing all of them at temperatures clearly dependent on the D content. Rigidity, measured through microhardness in amorphous samples, is also affected by the D isomer and the presence of SBA-15 particles. Reinforcement effect of mesoporous silica is relatively more important in the matrix with the highest D content.
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6
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Martínez JC, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Composites of a PLA with SBA-15 mesoporous silica: Polymorphism and properties after isothermal cold crystallization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation by Homogeneous Crystal Nuclei in Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid) Foaming. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Rodolfo MG, Costa LC, Marini J. Toughened poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane uncompatibilized blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable sources with similar properties when compared with petroleum-based thermoplastics but with inherent brittleness. In this work, the use of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as toughening agent was evaluated. PLA/TPU blends with 25 and 50 wt% of TPU were produced in an internal mixer without the use of compatibilizers. Their thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were analyzed and correlated with the developed morphology. Immiscible blends with dispersed droplets morphology were obtained, and it was observed an inversion between the matrix and dispersed phases with the increase of the TPU content. The presence of TPU altered the elasticity and viscosity of the blends when compared to PLA, besides acting as a nucleating agent. Huge increments in impact resistance (up to 365%) were achieved, indicating a great potential of TPU to be used as a PLA toughening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Garcia Rodolfo
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Juliano Marini
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
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9
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McCutcheon CJ, Zhao B, Ellison CJ, Bates FS. Crazing and Toughness in Diblock Copolymer-Modified Semicrystalline Poly( l-lactide). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Boran Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Mukhametzyanov T, Schmelzer JW, Yarko E, Abdullin A, Ziganshin M, Sedov I, Schick C. Crystal Nucleation and Growth in Cross-Linked Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213617. [PMID: 34771173 PMCID: PMC8588086 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal nucleation and overall crystallization kinetics of cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) was studied experimentally by fast scanning calorimetry in a wide temperature range. With an increasing degree of cross-linking, both the nucleation and crystallization half-times increase. Concurrently, the glass transition range shifts to higher temperatures. In contrast, the temperatures of the maximum nucleation and the overall crystallization rates remain the same, independent of the degree of cross-linking. The cold crystallization peak temperature generally increases as a function of heating rate, reaching an asymptotic value near the temperature of the maximum growth rate. A theoretical interpretation of these results is given in terms of classical nucleation theory. In addition, it is shown that the average distance between the nearest cross-links is smaller than the estimated lamellae thickness, which indicates the inclusion of cross-links in the crystalline phase of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Mukhametzyanov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +7-903-343-9026 (T.M.); +49-381-498-6880 (C.S.)
| | - Jürn W.P. Schmelzer
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Egor Yarko
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Albert Abdullin
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Marat Ziganshin
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Igor Sedov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Christoph Schick
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +7-903-343-9026 (T.M.); +49-381-498-6880 (C.S.)
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11
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Mapossa AB, López-Beceiro J, Díaz-Díaz AM, Artiaga R, Moyo DS, Mphateng TN, Focke WW. Properties of Mosquito Repellent-Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Strands. Molecules 2021; 26:5890. [PMID: 34641433 PMCID: PMC8512872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an attractive candidate for replacing petrochemical polymers because it is fully biodegradable. This study investigated the potential of PLA as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative material that can be developed into commercially viable wearable mosquito repellent devices with desirable characteristics. PLA strands containing DEET and IR3535 were prepared by twin screw extrusion compounding and simultaneously functioned as plasticizers for the polymer. The plasticizing effect was investigated by thermal and rheological studies. DSC studies showed that the addition of DEET and IR3535 into PLA strands reduced the glass transition temperature consistent with predictions of the Fox equation, thus proving their efficiency as plasticizers. The rheology of molten samples of neat PLA and PLA/repellents blends, evaluated at 200 °C, was consistent with shear-thinning pseudoplastic behaviour. Raman studies revealed a nonlinear concentration gradient for DEET in the PLA strand, indicating non-Fickian Type II transport controlling the desorption process. Release data obtained at 50 °C showed initial rapid release followed by a slower, near constant rate at longer times. The release rate data were fitted to a novel modification of the Peppas-Sahlin desorption model.
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Affiliation(s)
- António B. Mapossa
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (T.N.M.); (W.W.F.)
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Jorge López-Beceiro
- Higher Polytechnical School, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15471 Ferrol, Spain; (J.L.-B.); (A.M.D.-D.); (R.A.)
| | - Ana María Díaz-Díaz
- Higher Polytechnical School, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15471 Ferrol, Spain; (J.L.-B.); (A.M.D.-D.); (R.A.)
| | - Ramón Artiaga
- Higher Polytechnical School, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15471 Ferrol, Spain; (J.L.-B.); (A.M.D.-D.); (R.A.)
| | - Dennis S. Moyo
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thabang N. Mphateng
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (T.N.M.); (W.W.F.)
| | - Walter W. Focke
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (T.N.M.); (W.W.F.)
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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12
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Du F, Yener HE, Hillrichs G, Boldt R, Androsch R. Crystallization-Induced Polymer Scaffold Formation in the Polymer/Drug Delivery System Poly(l-lactic acid)/Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535). Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3950-3959. [PMID: 34428015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer/mosquito-repellent scaffolds exhibit increasing importance in long-lasting human skin protection to be used as wearable devices and allowing for controlled release of repellents. In this study, ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) was used as a human and environmental friendly active mosquito-repellent serving as a solvent to form functional poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds by crystallization-based solid-liquid thermally induced phase separation. Crystallization of PLLA in the presence of IR3535 is faster than melt-crystallization of neat PLLA, and in the investigated concentration range from 5 to 50 mass % PLLA, its maximum crystallization rate increases with the PLLA content, by both, increases of the maximum crystal growth rate and of the nuclei density. By adjusting the polymer concentration and the crystallization temperature, microporous scaffolds of different fine structures are obtained, hosting the mosquito-repellent in intra- and interspherulitic pores for its intended later evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Du
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Hande Ece Yener
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Georg Hillrichs
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
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13
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Coiai S, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Passaglia E. Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate- co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2489. [PMID: 34372090 PMCID: PMC8348712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council—Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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14
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Tsuji H, Yamasaki M, Arakawa Y. Synthesis and Stereocomplexation of New Enantiomeric Stereo Periodical Copolymers Poly( l-lactic acid– l-lactic acid– d-lactic acid) and Poly( d-lactic acid– d-lactic acid– l-lactic acid). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Yamasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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15
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Longo A, Dal Poggetto G, Malinconico M, Laurienzo P, Di Maio E, Di Lorenzo ML. Enhancement of crystallization kinetics of poly(l-lactic acid) by grafting with optically pure branches. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Tsuji H, Ohsada K, Arakawa Y. Stereocomplex- and homo-crystallization behavior, polymorphism, and thermal properties of enantiomeric random copolymers of l- and d-lactic acids from the melt. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Nucleation plays a vital role in polymer crystallization, in which chain connectivity and thus the multiple length and time scales make crystal nucleation of polymer chains an interesting but complex subject. Though the topic has been intensively studied in the past decades, there are still many open questions to answer. The final properties of semicrystalline polymer materials are affected by all of the following: the starting melt, paths of nucleation, organization of lamellar crystals and evolution of the final crystalline structures. In this viewpoint, we attempt to discuss some of the remaining open questions and corresponding concepts: non-equilibrated polymers, self-induced nucleation, microscopic kinetics of different processes, metastability of polymer lamellar crystals, hierarchical order and cooperativity involved in nucleation, etc. Addressing these open questions through a combination of novel concepts, new theories and advanced approaches provides a deeper understanding of the multifaceted process of crystal nucleation of polymers.
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Fast-Scanning Chip-Calorimetry Measurement of Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Glycolic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060891. [PMID: 33799374 PMCID: PMC8001460 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report fast-scanning chip-calorimetry measurement of isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) in a broad temperature range. We observed that PGA crystallization could be suppressed by cooling rates beyond -100 K s-1 and, after fast cooling, by heating rates beyond 50 K s-1. In addition, the parabolic curve of crystallization half-time versus crystallization temperature shows that PGA crystallizes the fastest at 130 °C with the minimum crystallization half-time of 4.28 s. We compared our results to those of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with nearby molecular weights previously reported by Androsch et al. We found that PGA crystallizes generally more quickly than PLLA. In comparison to PLLA, PGA has a much smaller hydrogen side group than the methyl side group in PLLA; therefore, crystal nucleation is favored by the higher molecular mobility of PGA in the low temperature region as well as by the denser molecular packing of PGA in the high temperature region, and the two factors together decide the higher crystallization rates of PGA in the whole temperature range.
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Ferreira I, Brünig H, Focke W, Boldt R, Androsch R, Leuteritz A. Melt-Spun Poly(D,L-lactic acid) Monofilaments Containing N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide as Mosquito Repellent. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030638. [PMID: 33573227 PMCID: PMC7866511 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is still a major tropical disease, with Africa particularly burdened. It has been proposed that outdoor protection could aid substantially in reducing the malaria incidence rate in rural African communities. Recently, melt-spun polyolefin fibers containing mosquito repellents have been shown to be promising materials to this end. In this study, the incorporation of N,N‑Diethyl‑3‑methylbenzamide (DEET)-a popular and widely available mosquito repellent-in commercially available, amorphous poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) is investigated with the aim of producing biodegradable mosquito-repelling filaments with a reduced environmental impact. It is shown to be possible to produce macroscopically stable PDLLA-DEET compounds containing up to 20 wt.-% DEET that can be melt-spun to produce filaments, albeit at relatively low take-up speeds. A critical DEET content allows for stress-induced crystallization during the spinning of the otherwise amorphous PDLLA, resulting in the formation of α-crystals. Although the mechanical integrity of the filaments is notably impacted by the incorporation of DEET, these filaments show potential as materials that can be used for Malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Ferreira
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Applied Materials and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Harald Brünig
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Walter Focke
- Institute of Applied Materials and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Andreas Leuteritz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4658-378
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20
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Zhang X, Yang B, Fan B, Sun H, Zhang H. Enhanced Nonisothermal Crystallization and Heat Resistance of Poly(l-lactic acid) by d-Sorbitol as a Homogeneous Nucleating Agent. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:154-160. [PMID: 35548982 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on enhancing crystallization and heat resistance of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) by d-sorbitol as a small molecule nucleating agent via melt blending. During the reheating process, the cold crystallization disappeared and the crystallinity of nucleated PLLA exceeded 50%. The heat deflection temperature of PLLA was elevated from 56 to 132 °C by simply increasing the mold temperature (90 °C) without an additional annealing treatment. We also observed the polymorphic crystals of PLLA during melt crystallization, i.e., the coexistence of hexagonal and lenticular crystals, along with their various geometrical aggregates in addition to plenty of conventional spherulites. On the basis of the fact that the nonisothermal crystallization temperature of PLLA (110 °C at a cooling rate of 10 °C/min) was higher than the melting point of d-sorbitol (about 93 °C), we speculated that d-sorbitol promoted the crystallization of PLLA through a homogeneous nucleation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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21
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Wang Y, Liu C, Shen C. Crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) and its blends. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
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23
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Volpe V, Foglia F, Pantani R. Effect of the application of low shear rates on the crystallization kinetics of
PLA. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Volpe
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Fabiana Foglia
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
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24
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Li Z, Ye X, Meng C, Zhou H, Guo W, Chen S, Zhang J, Yan C, Dufresne A. Effects of epoxy resin crosslinking networks on stereocomplexation of poly(
l
‐lactic acid)/poly(
d
‐lactic acid) racemic blends. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Chunfeng Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Weijie Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Shangtao Chen
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory Petro China Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
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25
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Monnier X, Cavallo D, Righetti MC, Di Lorenzo ML, Marina S, Martin J, Cangialosi D. Physical Aging and Glass Transition of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Poly( l-lactic acid). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council - Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA Italy
| | - Sara Marina
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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26
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Foglia F, De Meo A, Iozzino V, Volpe V, Pantani R. Isothermal crystallization of
PLA
: Nucleation density and growth rates of
α
and
α
' phases. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Foglia
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Annarita De Meo
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Valentina Iozzino
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Valentina Volpe
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
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27
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Andrianov RA, Androsch R, Zhang R, Mukhametzyanov TA, Abyzov AS, Schmelzer JW, Schick C. Growth and dissolution of crystal nuclei in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) in Tammann's development method. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Zhang S, Guo B, Reiter G, Xu J. Estimation of the Size of Critical Secondary Nuclei of Melt-Grown Poly(l-lactide) Lamellar Crystals. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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29
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Monnier X, Delpouve N, Saiter-Fourcin A. Distinct dynamics of structural relaxation in the amorphous phase of poly(l-lactic acid) revealed by quiescent crystallization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3224-3233. [PMID: 32162627 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) experiments were performed to investigate physical aging in amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid)s (PLLAs) that were thermally crystallized under conditions leading to the α'- or α-crystalline form, and either favouring or inhibiting the development of a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF). The enthalpy of recovery was calculated after two procedures of rescaling to the content of the whole amorphous phase and also to the only content of the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), which helped in clarifying the contribution of the RAF. From the dependence of the structural relaxation rate on the aging temperature, two regimes were evidenced for all samples. In the aging temperature domain situated close to the glass transition, the structural relaxation occurs significantly faster in the MAF. Its rate is independent of the aging temperature and is not influenced by the microstructure. However, the distance to equilibrium is higher in samples for which the coupling is strong between crystal and amorphous, implying that the time to reach equilibrium is also higher. In contrast, at low aging temperatures, for which the whole amorphous phase can be considered as solid, MAF and RAF exhibit the same structrural relaxation rate. This convergence in the relaxation kinetics by decreasing the temperature of physical aging was interpreted as the evolution of relaxation dynamics in the MAF from segmental to local. This change is highlighted by the comparison between MAF and RAF relaxation kinetics, but it occurs similarly in a pure amorphous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Allisson Saiter-Fourcin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
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30
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Tsuji H, Iguchi K, Tashiro K, Arakawa Y. Crystallization behavior, structure, morphology, and thermal properties of crystalline and amorphous stereo diblock copolymers, poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(dl-lactide). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some fractions of poly(dl-lactide) chains were confined in the amorphous regions between the crystalline regions, but the remaining parts of the poly(dl-lactide) chains should have been located outside of the alternately layered crystalline and amorphous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Kazumasa Iguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Department of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Nagoya 468-8511
- Japan
| | - Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
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31
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Iqbal N, Jariyavidyanont K, Rhoades AM, Androsch R. Critical specific work of flow for shear‐induced formation of crystal nuclei in poly (
l
‐lactic acid). POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Iqbal
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN) Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Katalee Jariyavidyanont
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN) Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - René Androsch
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN) Halle (Saale) Germany
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32
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Sungkapreecha C, Focke WW, Androsch R. Competition between Liquid-liquid De-mixing, Crystallization, and Glass Transition in Solutions of PLA of Different Stereochemistry and DEET. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Schawe JEK, Löffler JF. Existence of multiple critical cooling rates which generate different types of monolithic metallic glass. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 30902964 PMCID: PMC6430809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Via fast differential scanning calorimetry using an Au-based glass as an example, we show that metallic glasses should be classified into two types of amorphous/monolithic glass. The first type, termed self-doped glass (SDG), forms quenched-in nuclei or nucleation precursors upon cooling, whereas in the so-called chemically homogeneous glass (CHG) no quenched-in structures are found. For the Au-based glass investigated, the critical cooling and heating rates for the SDG are 500 K s−1 and 20,000 K s−1, respectively; for the CHG they are 4000 K s−1 and 6000 K s−1. The similarity in the critical rates for CHG, so far not reported in literature, and CHG’s tendency towards stochastic nucleation underline the novelty of this glass state. Identifying different types of metallic glass, as is possible by advanced chip calorimetry, and comparing them with molecular and polymeric systems may help to elaborate a more generalized glass theory and improve metallic glass processing. Quantifying the complexity of glass formation is difficult because it usually requires cooling at enormous speeds. Here, the authors use fast differential scanning calorimetry to classify metallic glasses into two types, one with quenched-in nuclei and one without.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg F Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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34
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Sungkapreecha C, Iqbal N, Focke WW, Androsch R. Crystallization of poly(
l
‐lactic acid) in solution with the mosquito‐repellent
N
,
N
‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Sungkapreecha
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural SciencesMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural SciencesMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Walter W. Focke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of PretoriaInstitute of Sustainable Malaria Control Hatfield South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of PretoriaInstitute of Applied Materials Hatfield South Africa
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural SciencesMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
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35
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Di Lorenzo ML, Androsch R. Influence of α′-/α-crystal polymorphism on properties of poly(l-lactic acid). POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
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36
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Di Lorenzo ML, Androsch R. Accelerated crystallization of high molar mass poly( l / d -lactic acid) by blending with low molar mass poly( l -lactic acid). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Vitrification of two active pharmaceutical ingredients by fast scanning calorimetry: From structural relaxation to nucleation phenomena. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Schick C, Androsch R, Schmelzer JWP. Homogeneous crystal nucleation in polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:453002. [PMID: 28708065 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7fe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of crystal nucleation significantly influences the structure and properties of semi-crystalline polymers. Crystal nucleation is normally heterogeneous at low supercooling, and homogeneous at high supercooling, of the polymer melt. Homogeneous nucleation in bulk polymers has been, so far, hardly accessible experimentally, and was even doubted to occur at all. This topical review summarizes experimental findings on homogeneous crystal nucleation in polymers. Recently developed fast scanning calorimetry, with cooling and heating rates up to 106 K s-1, allows for detailed investigations of nucleation near and even below the glass transition temperature, including analysis of nuclei stability. As for other materials, the maximum homogeneous nucleation rate for polymers is located close to the glass transition temperature. In the experiments discussed here, it is shown that polymer nucleation is homogeneous at such temperatures. Homogeneous nucleation in polymers is discussed in the framework of the classical nucleation theory. The majority of our observations are consistent with the theory. The discrepancies may guide further research, particularly experiments to progress theoretical development. Progress in the understanding of homogeneous nucleation is much needed, since most of the modelling approaches dealing with polymer crystallization exclusively consider homogeneous nucleation. This is also the basis for advancing theoretical approaches to the much more complex phenomena governing heterogeneous nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany. Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Competence Centre CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18051 Rostock, Germany. Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
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39
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40
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Sungkapreecha C, Iqbal N, Gohn AM, Focke WW, Androsch R. Phase behavior of the polymer/drug system PLA/DEET. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Monnier X, Maigret JE, Lourdin D, Saiter A. Glass transition of anhydrous starch by fast scanning calorimetry. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:77-83. [PMID: 28732921 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By means of fast scanning calorimetry, the glass transition of anhydrous amorphous starch has been measured. With a scanning rate of 2000Ks-1, thermal degradation of starch prior to the glass transition has been inhibited. To certify the glass transition measurement, structural relaxation of the glassy state has been investigated through physical aging as well as the concept of limiting fictive temperature. In both cases, characteristic enthalpy recovery peaks related to the structural relaxation of the glass have been observed. Thermal lag corrections based on the comparison of glass transition temperatures measured by means of differential and fast scanning calorimetry have been proposed. The complementary investigations give an anhydrous amorphous starch glass transition temperature of 312±7°C. This estimation correlates with previous extrapolation performed on hydrated starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Maigret
- INRA, UR1268 BIA Biopolymers Interactions & Assemblies, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Lourdin
- INRA, UR1268 BIA Biopolymers Interactions & Assemblies, 44300, Nantes, France.
| | - Allisson Saiter
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
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42
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Feng L, Bian X, Chen Z, Xiang S, Liu Y, Sun B, Li G, Chen X. Determination of D-lactide content in lactide stereoisomeric mixture using gas chromatography-polarimetry. Talanta 2017; 164:268-274. [PMID: 28107928 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method has been proposed to quantify the D-lactide content in a lactide stereoisomeric mixture using combined gas chromatography and polarimetry (GC- polarimetry). As for a lactide stereoisomeric mixture, meso-lactide can be determined quantitatively using GC, but D- and L-lactides cannot be separated by the given GC system. The composition of a lactide stereoisomeric mixture is directly relative to its specific optical rotation. The specific optical rotations of neat L-lactide were obtained in different solutions, which were -266.3° and -298.8° in dichloromethane (DCM) and toluene solutions at 20°C, respectively. Therefore, for a lactide sample, the D-lactide content could be calculated based on the meso-lactide content obtained from GC and the specific optical rotations of the sample and neat L-lactide obtained from polarimetry. The effects of impurities and temperature on the test results were investigated, respectively. When the total content of impurities was not more than 1.0%, the absolute error for determining D-lactide content was less than 0.10% in DCM and toluene solutions. When the D-lactide content was calculated according to the specific optical rotation of neat L-lactide at 20°C, the absolute error caused by the variation in temperature of 20±15°C was not more than 0.2 and 0.7% in DCM and toluene solutions, respectively, and thus usually could be ignored in a DCM solution. When toluene was used as a solvent for the determination of D-lactide content, a temperature correction for specific optical rotations could be introduced and would ensure the accuracy of results. This method is applicable to the determination of D-lactide content in lactide stereoisomeric mixtures. The standard deviation (STDEV) of the measurements is less than 0.5%, indicating that the precision is suitable for this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China.
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43
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Amorphous Fractions of Poly(lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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44
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Kinetics of Nucleation and Growth of Crystals of Poly(l-lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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45
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46
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Enthalpy relaxation of the glass of poly (l-lactic acid) of different d-isomer content and its effect on mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Lan Q, Li Y. Mesophase-Mediated Crystallization of Poly(l-lactide): Deterministic Pathways to Nanostructured Morphology and Superstructure Control. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Lan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
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48
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De Santis F, Volpe V, Pantani R. Effect of molding conditions on crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felice De Santis
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Valentina Volpe
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno 84084 Italy
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49
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Di Lorenzo ML, Androsch R. Stability and Reorganization of α′-Crystals in Randoml/d-Lactide Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- Institute of Polymers; Composites and Biomaterials (CNR); Via Campi Flegrei, 34 80078 Pozzuoli Italy
| | - René Androsch
- Center of Engineering Science; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle/Saale Germany
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50
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Androsch R, Schick C. Interplay between the Relaxation of the Glass of Random l/d-Lactide Copolymers and Homogeneous Crystal Nucleation: Evidence for Segregation of Chain Defects. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4522-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Center
of Engineering Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute
of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43−45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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