1
|
Sangroniz L, Fernández M, Santamaria A. Polymers and rheology: A tale of give and take. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
2
|
|
3
|
Jeziorska R, Szadkowska A, Studzinski M. Morphology and Properties of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/Polyamide 11 Hybrid Nanocomposites: Effect of Silica Surface Modification. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103421. [PMID: 35629449 PMCID: PMC9146262 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/polyamide 11 (PPO/PA11 80/20) blend filled with neat (SiO2) or modified silica having amine functional groups (A-SiO2) was melt mixing in a twin-screw extruder. The silica was prepared by the sol–gel process. SEM shows that, with increasing A-SiO2 content from 1 to 5 wt.%, the morphology of PPO/PA11blend changed from droplet matrix to co-continuous with phase inversion. The phase inversion was also observed for 5 wt.% of neat silica, but the droplet-matrix structure was retained. The overall rheological and mechanical properties improvement of the A-SiO2-filled composites in comparison with the unfilled blend and neat silica counterpart was drastic, especially in terms of viscosity and stiffness. A-SiO2 improved PPO and PA11 miscibility and reduced the crystallinity of PA11, without affecting the Tc, owing to the compatibilization effect. On the other hand, neat silica slightly increased the crystallinity of PA11 and decreased the crystallization temperature of PA11 and the glass transition temperature of PPO as a result of its plasticization.
Collapse
|
4
|
Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203531. [PMID: 34685290 PMCID: PMC8540998 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO2 nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% w/w Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample.
Collapse
|
5
|
Loaeza D, Cailloux J, Pérez OS, Sánchez-Soto M, Maspoch ML. Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142360. [PMID: 34301118 PMCID: PMC8309572 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the experimental results of the mechanical and fracture behaviour of three polymeric blends prepared from two recycled plastics, namely polypropylene and opaque poly (ethylene terephthalate), where the second one acted as a reinforcement phase. The raw materials were two commercial degrees of recycled post-consumer waste, i.e., rPP and rPET-O. Sheets were manufactured by a semi-industrial extrusion-calendering process. The mechanical and fracture behaviours of manufactured sheets were analyzed via tensile tests and the essential work of fracture approach. SEM micrographics of cryofractured sheets revelated the development of in situ rPP/rPET-O microfibrillar composites when 30 wt.% of rPET-O was added. It was observed that the yield stress was not affected with the addition of rPET-O. However, the microfibrillar structure increased the Young’s modulus by more than a third compared with rPP, fulfilling the longitudinal value predicted by the additive rule of mixtures. Regarding the EWF analysis, the resistance to crack initiation was highly influenced by the resistance to its propagation owing to morphology-related instabilities during tearing. To analyze the initiation stage, a partition energy method was successfully applied by splitting the total work of fracture into two specific energetic contributions, namely initiation and propagation. The results revelated that the specific essential initiation-related work of fracture was mainly affected by rPET-O phase. Remarkably, its value was significantly improved by a factor of three with the microfibrillar structure of rPET-O phase. The results allowed the exploration of the potential ability of manufacturing in situ MFCs without a “precursor” morphology, providing an economical way to promote the recycling rate of PET-O, as this material is being discarded from current recycling processes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sangroniz L, Fernández M, Partal P, Santamaria A. Rheology of Polymer Processing in Spain (1995-2020). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142314. [PMID: 34301070 PMCID: PMC8309276 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Spanish scientists to the rheology involved in polymer processing during the last 25 years is investigated. It is shown that the performed research covers, at different levels, all industrial polymeric materials: thermoplastics, thermosets, adhesives, biopolymers, composites and nanocomposites, and polymer modified bitumen. Therefore, the rheological behaviour of these materials in processing methods such as extrusion, injection moulding, additive manufacturing, and others is discussed, based on the literature results. A detailed view of the most outstanding achievements, based on the rheological criteria of the authors, is offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Pedro Partal
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Antxon Santamaria
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bai Z, Wang N, Chen S, Guo X, Guo J, Qin J, Chen X, Lu Z. Influence of nano silica hybrid expandable graphite on flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical property of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xincheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu China
| | - Zongcheng Lu
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palacios JK, Ben Fekih A, Yus Argon C, Irusta S, Jestin S, Dagréou S. Tailoring the rheology and electrical properties of polyamide 66 nanocomposites with hybrid filler approach: graphene and carbon nanotubes. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana K Palacios
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S‐UPPA Institut Des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico‐Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) Pau France
- R&D Materials Department Fundación Centro Tecnológico Miranda de Ebro (CTME) Burgos Spain
| | - Achraf Ben Fekih
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S‐UPPA Institut Des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico‐Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) Pau France
| | - Cristina Yus Argon
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC – Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC – Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Simon Jestin
- CANOE/Le Centre Technologique Nouvelle‐Aquitaine Composites et Matériaux Avancés Pessac France
| | - Sylvie Dagréou
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S‐UPPA Institut Des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico‐Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) Pau France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shang M, Gao Z, Cheng H, Shentu B. Comparative Study of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites with Non-reactive and Reactive Elastomers: Morphology and Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhuyi Gao
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Henglun Cheng
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gadgeel AA, Mhaske ST. Novel approach for the preparation of a compatibilized blend of nylon 11 and polypropylene with polyhydroxybutyrate: Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Gadgeel
- Department of Polymer and Surface EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Shashank Tejrao Mhaske
- Department of Polymer and Surface EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra 400019 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim M, Song HY, Choi WJ, Hyun K. Evaluation of the Degree of Dispersion of Polymer Nanocomposites (PNCs) Using Nonlinear Rheological Properties by FT-Rheology. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingeun Kim
- School of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- School of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matxinandiarena E, Múgica A, Zubitur M, Yus C, Sebastián V, Irusta S, Loaeza AD, Santana O, Maspoch ML, Puig C, Müller AJ. The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Surface Modification on the Dispersion, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled PP/PET/TiO 2 PBNANOs. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101692. [PMID: 31623120 PMCID: PMC6835408 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have recently appeared in PET waste because of the introduction of opaque PET bottles. We prepare polymer blend nanocomposites (PBNANOs) by adding hydrophilic (hphi), hydrophobic (hpho), and hydrophobically modified (hphoM) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to 80rPP/20rPET recycled blends. Contact angle measurements show that the degree of hydrophilicity of TiO2 decreases in the order hphi > hpho > hphoM. A reduction of rPET droplet size occurs with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance controls the nanoparticles location. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM_ shows that hphi TiO2 preferentially locates inside the PET droplets and hpho at both the interface and PP matrix. HphoM also locates within the PP matrix and at the interface, but large loadings (12%) can completely cover the surfaces of the droplets forming a physical barrier that avoids coalescence, leading to the formation of smaller droplets. A good correlation is found between the crystallization rate of PET (determined by DSC) and nanoparticles location, where hphi TiO2 induces the highest PET crystallization rate. PET lamellar morphology (revealed by TEM) is also dependent on particle location. The mechanical behavior improves in the elastic regime with TiO2 addition, but the plastic deformation of the material is limited and strongly depends on the type of TiO2 employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Agurtzane Múgica
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Manuela Zubitur
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Cristina Yus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon University of Zaragoza and, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon University of Zaragoza and, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon University of Zaragoza and, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso David Loaeza
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), C/Colom, 114, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Orlando Santana
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), C/Colom, 114, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Maria Lluisa Maspoch
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), C/Colom, 114, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Cristian Puig
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela.
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee S, Kim M, Song HY, Hyun K. Characterization of the Effect of Clay on Morphological Evaluations of PLA/Biodegradable Polymer Blends by FT-Rheology. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumkun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Influence of Organo-Sepiolite on the Morphological, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of PP/ABS Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091493. [PMID: 31547421 PMCID: PMC6780420 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the poor impact toughness of polypropylene (PP), organo-sepiolite (O-Sep) filled 80/20 (w/w) polypropylene/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (PP/ABS) nanocomposites were fabricated. The contents of O-Sep were correlated with the morphological, mechanical, and rheological behavior of PP/ABS/O-Sep blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to study the morphology and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to study the crystallinity. The obtained results show that O-Sep enhanced the dispersion of ABS in the PP matrix and increased the crystallinity of blends. The rheological results show that O-Sep could increase the viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus of blends. Moreover, the mechanical behavior shows that O-Sep (at proper content) simultaneously increased the tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength of PP/ABS/O-Sep blends.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bernardes GP, Rosa Luiz N, Santana RMC, Camargo Forte MM. Rheological behavior and morphological and interfacial properties of PLA/TPE blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Pierozan Bernardes
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of EngineeringLaboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Nathália Rosa Luiz
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of EngineeringLaboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of EngineeringLaboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maria Madalena Camargo Forte
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of EngineeringLaboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nematollahi M, Jalali‐Arani A, Modarress H. Effect of nanoparticle localization on the rheology, morphology and toughness of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/nanosilica. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nematollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color TechnologyAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Jalali‐Arani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color TechnologyAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Safaie B, Youssefi M, Rezaei B. Rheological behavior of polypropylene/carbon quantum dot nanocomposites: the effects of particles size, particles/matrix interface adhesion, and particles loading. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Sangroniz L, Ruiz JL, Sangroniz A, Fernández M, Etxeberria A, Müller AJ, Santamaria A. Polyethylene terephthalate/low density polyethylene/titanium dioxide blend nanocomposites: Morphology, crystallinity, rheology, and transport properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - J. L. Ruiz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - A. Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - M. Fernández
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - A. Etxeberria
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - A. J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao Spain
| | - A. Santamaria
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3; 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sangroniz A, Sangroniz L, Aranburu N, Fernández M, Santamaria A, Iriarte M, Etxeberria A. Blends of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with poly(hydroxi amino ether) for packaging applications: Miscibility, rheology and transport properties. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Fernandez-Rodriguez MA, Binks BP, Rodriguez-Valverde MA, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA, Hidalgo-Alvarez R. Particles adsorbed at various non-aqueous liquid-liquid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:208-222. [PMID: 28219622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Particles adsorbed at liquid interfaces are commonly used to stabilise water-oil Pickering emulsions and water-air foams. The fundamental understanding of the physics of particles adsorbed at water-air and water-oil interfaces is improving significantly due to novel techniques that enable the measurement of the contact angle of individual particles at a given interface. The case of non-aqueous interfaces and emulsions is less studied in the literature. Non-aqueous liquid-liquid interfaces in which water is replaced by other polar solvents have properties similar to those of water-oil interfaces. Nanocomposites of non-aqueous immiscible polymer blends containing inorganic particles at the interface are of great interest industrially and consequently more work has been devoted to them. By contrast, the behaviour of particles adsorbed at oil-oil interfaces in which both oils are immiscible and of low dielectric constant (ε<3) is scarcely studied. Hydrophobic particles are required to stabilise these oil-oil emulsions due to their irreversible adsorption, high interfacial activity and elastic shell behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071-E Granada, Spain.
| | - Bernard P Binks
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Valverde
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071-E Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Cabrerizo-Vilchez
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071-E Granada, Spain
| | - Roque Hidalgo-Alvarez
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071-E Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salehiyan R, Ray SS, Bandyopadhyay J, Ojijo V. The Distribution of Nanoclay Particles at the Interface and Their Influence on the Microstructure Development and Rheological Properties of Reactively Processed Biodegradable Polylactide/Poly(butylene succinate) Blend Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E350. [PMID: 30971028 PMCID: PMC6418579 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigates the distribution of nanoclay particles at the interface and their influence on the microstructure development and non-linear rheological properties of reactively processed biodegradable polylactide/poly(butylene succinate) blend nanocomposites. Two types of organoclays, one is more hydrophilic (Cloisite®30B (C30B)) and another one is more hydrophobic (BetsopaTM (BET)), were used at different concentrations. Surface and transmission electron microscopies were respectively used to study the blend morphology evolution and for probing the dispersion and distribution of nanoclay platelets within the blend matrix and at the interface. The results suggested that both organoclays tended to localize at the interface between the blend's two phases and encapsulate the dispersed poly(butylene succinate) phase, thereby suppressing coalescence. Using small angle X-ray scattering the probability of finding neighboring nanoclay particles in the blend matrix was calculated using the Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation technique. Fourier Transform-rheology was utilized for quantifying nonlinear rheological responses and for correlating the extent of dispersion as well as the blend morphological evolution, for different organoclay loadings. The rheological responses were in good agreement with the X-ray scattering and electron microscopic results. It was revealed that C30B nanoparticles were more efficient in stabilizing the morphologies by evenly distributing at the interface. Nonlinear coefficient from FT-rheology was found to be more pronounced in case of blends filled with C30B, indicating better dispersion of C30B compare with BET which was in agreement with the SAXS results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salehiyan
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kelnar I, Kratochvíl J, Kaprálková L, Zhigunov A, Nevoralová M. Graphite nanoplatelets-modified PLA/PCL: Effect of blend ratio and nanofiller localization on structure and properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:271-278. [PMID: 28371700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) influenced by graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were studied in dependence on blend composition. Electron microscopy indicates predominant localization of GNP in PCL. GNP-induced changes in viscosity hinder refinement of PCL inclusions, support PCL continuity in the co-continuous system, and lead to reduction of PLA inclusions size without GNP being present at the interface in the PCL-matrix blend. Negligible differences in crystallinity of both phases indicate that mechanical behaviour is mainly influenced by reinforcement and GNP-induced changes in morphology. Addition of 5 parts of GNP leads to ~40% and ~25% increase of stiffness in the PCL- and PLA-matrix systems, respectively, whereas the reinforcing effect is practically eliminated in the co-continuous systems due to GNP-induced lower continuity of PLA which enhances toughness. Impact resistance of the 80/20 blend shows increase with 5 parts content due to synergistic effect of PCL/GNP stacks, whereas minor increase in the blend of the ductile PCL matrix with brittle PLA inclusions is caused by GNP-modification of the component parameters. Results indicate high potential of GNP in preparing biocompatible systems with wide range of structure and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Kratochvíl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czechia
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czechia
| | - Martina Nevoralová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tailoring the properties of PP/PA6 nanostructured blends by the addition of nanosilica and compatibilizer agents. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|