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Wang H, Chen R, Song D, Sun G, Yu J, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhu J, Liu P, Wang J. Silicone-modified polyurea-interpenetrating polymer network fouling release coatings with excellent wear resistance property tailored to regulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:971-980. [PMID: 37776724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of alien species via marine organisms attaching to the surfaces of ship hulls is a growing problem. A number of countries have introduced corresponding regulations to combat ship biofouling. One effective way to solve this problem is to apply a fouling release coating with excellent wear resistance. In this study, a silicone-modified polyaspartic ester polyurea was synthesized by a simultaneous crosslinking polymerization. Polyaspartic ester polyurea is employed to form a tightly cross-linked network with excellent toughness and outstanding adhesion, while polydimethylsiloxane is used to form a relatively soft cross-linked network with low surface energy and surface elasticity modulus. Polyurea and silicone molecular chain lock onto each other to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) through their respective polymerization systems and cross-linking processes. The synergy between silicone and polyurea provides excellent mechanical properties as well as fouling release performance through the locking mechanism. This study provides a promising and universal strategy for the development of fouling release coatings with excellent wear resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China.
| | - Dalei Song
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Gaohui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
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2
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Scolaro C, Liotta LF, Calabrese C, Marcì G, Visco A. Adhesive and Rheological Features of Ecofriendly Coatings with Antifouling Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112456. [PMID: 37299255 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, formulations of "environmentally compatible" silicone-based antifouling, synthesized in the laboratory and based on copper and silver on silica/titania oxides, have been characterized. These formulations are capable of replacing the non-ecological antifouling paints currently available on the market. The texture properties and the morphological analysis of these powders with an antifouling action indicate that their activity is linked to the nanometric size of the particles and to the homogeneous dispersion of the metal on the substrate. The presence of two metal species on the same support limits the formation of nanometric species and, therefore, the formation of homogeneous compounds. The presence of the antifouling filler, specifically the one based on titania (TiO2) and silver (Ag), facilitates the achievement of a higher degree of cross-linking of the resin, and therefore, a better compactness and completeness of the coating than that attained with the pure resin. Thus, a high degree of adhesion to the tie-coat and, consequently, to the steel support used for the construction of the boats was achieved in the presence of the silver-titania antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scolaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Leonarda Francesca Liotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Calabrese
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marcì
- "Schiavello-Grillone" Photocatalysis Group, Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Visco
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR-IPCB, Via P. Gaifami 18, 9-95126 Catania, Italy
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3
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Fang X, Guo X, Tang W, Gu Q, Wu Y, Sun H, Gao J. Efficient Toughening of DGEBA with a Bio-Based Protocatechuic Acid Derivative. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9962-9968. [PMID: 36969454 PMCID: PMC10034975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a bio-based epoxy resin, protocatechuic acid diester epoxy resin, (PDEP), was synthesized using protocatechuic acid. The structure and properties of PDEP have been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared. After different contents of PDEP were added to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the modified epoxy resins were cured by 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). With the addition of a flexible long-chain bio-based monomer to improve toughness, the impact strength was 50 kJ·m-2 with only 5.0 wt % PDEP; compared with pure DGEBA, the impact strength was 27 kJ·m-2. Further, an increase in T g should be confirmed from the mechanical cross-linking density and rigidity group content. The single T g proved the homogeneous phase structure of the PDEP-cured resin. Morphology exhibiting the ductile fracture of the cured resin was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, this work demonstrates the utilization of renewable protocatechuic acid as an effective modifier for epoxy resin, which reflects its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Fang
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, 13 St. 29, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Tang
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Qun Gu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, 13 St. 29, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Junfei Gao
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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4
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Polysiloxane-Based Polyurethanes with High Strength and Recyclability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012613. [PMID: 36293466 PMCID: PMC9604122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysiloxanes have attracted considerable attention in biomedical engineering, owing to their inherent properties, including good flexibility and biocompatibility. However, their low mechanical strength limits their application scope. In this study, we synthesized a polysiloxane-based polyurethane by chemical copolymerization. A series of thermoplastic polysiloxane-polyurethanes (Si-TPUs) was synthesized using hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane containing two carbamate groups at the tail of the polymer chains 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI) and 1,4-butanediol as raw materials. The effects of the hard-segment content and soft-segment number average molecular weight on the properties of the resulting TPUs were investigated. The prepared HMDI-based Si-TPUs exhibited good microphase separation, excellent mechanical properties, and acceptable repeatable processability. The tensile strength of SiTPU-2K-39 reached 21.5 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of other flexible polysiloxane materials. Moreover, the tensile strength and breaking elongation of SiTPU-2K-39 were maintained at 80.9% and 94.6%, respectively, after three cycles of regeneration. The Si-TPUs prepared in this work may potentially be used in gas separation, medical materials, antifouling coatings, and other applications.
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5
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Xi X, Zhang Z, Qi Y. Preparation and Properties of PED-TDI Polyurethane-Modified Silicone Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153212. [PMID: 35956726 PMCID: PMC9370997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the influence mechanisms of polyurethane soft segments on modified silicone coatings, a series of modified coatings was prepared by introducing different contents of hydroxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS2200) into the soft segment of polyurethane. ATR-FTIR, NMR, CLSM, AFM, contact angle measurement, the tensile test, bacterial adhesion, and the benthic diatom adhesion test were used to investigate the structure, morphology, roughness, degree of microphase separation, surface energy, tensile properties, and antifouling properties of the modified coatings. The results show that PDMS2200 could aggravate the microphase separation of the modified coatings, increase the surface-free energy, and reduce its elastic modulus; when the microphase separation exceeded a certain degree, increasing PDMS2200 would decrease the tensile properties. The PED-TDI polyurethane-modified silicone coating prepared with the formula of PU-Si17 had the best tensile properties and antifouling properties among all modified coatings.
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6
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Liu L, Dong H, Yang G. Hydrophilic tyrosine-based phenolic resin with micro-ripples morphology for marine antifouling application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112672. [PMID: 35810609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since biofouling challenges negatively influence the marine and transportation industries, developing effective antifouling materials have attracted extensive concern. A tyrosine-based antifouling phenolic resin (TPP resin) was synthesized using tyrosine as a natural phenol source. TPP exhibited shell-like surface morphology with micro-ripples and excellent anti-adhesion properties against bacteria and diatom. The micro-ripples surface might be caused by the strong hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction among tyrosine units resulting in microphase separation during the curing process. Tyrosine content in TPP resin has a great influence on the surface properties, morphology and antifouling characteristics. The higher the tyrosine content, the higher is the surface hydrophilicity, the denser and more regular is the micro-ripples morphology, and the stronger is the antifouling performance. TPP-60 % exhibited the best antifouling performance. Combination of the surface hydrophilicity and regular micro-ripples surface morphology afford TPP excellent antifouling performance. TPP resins offer a broad prospect for developing phenolic resin in the antifouling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Lijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guoxing Yang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Corporation, Daqing 163000, China.
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7
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Juan Chen, Zhang X, Chen Y, Lin X, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Liu H. Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylene Glycol-Polydimethylsiloxane-Polybutyl Methacrylate Copolymer. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Fabrication of UV-curable Anti-fouling Coating Based on Fluorinated Polyoxetane and Long Side-Chain Polysilcone. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Zhang LY, Zhang C, Zhang ZR, Liu L. Bioinspired antifouling Fe-based amorphous coating via killing-resisting dual surface modifications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:819. [PMID: 35039555 PMCID: PMC8764115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-based amorphous coatings with outstanding corrosion resistance are promise for marine applications. However, these coatings encounter a great challenge of biofouling in marine environments. Inspired by the unique micro-nano hierarchical structure of shark skin with excellent antifouling properties, in this paper, we construct a bioinspired Fe-based amorphous coating with killing-resisting dual-effect via proper surface modifications, i.e., the modification with micro-patterned nanostructured Cu2O fibers (killing effect), followed by the modification with superhydrophobic surface (resisting effect). As a result, the modified amorphous coating exhibits impressive antifouling properties, achieving 98.6% resistance to Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, 87% resistance to Bovine serum albumin protein and 99.8% resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The remarkable antifouling performance is attributed to a synergistic antifouling mechanism from both resisting effect and killing effect, wherein the superhydrophobic surface provides a barrier to resist protein adsorption, while the patterned nanostructured Cu2O fibers supply Cu+ ions to kill bacterial cells. In addition, the modified amorphous coating also exhibits excellent mechanical robustness, which ensures the durability of the Fe-based amorphous coating in practical services. This work may promote the development of new durable metal-based coatings integrated with anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhan-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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10
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Cai L, Lv C, Kang J, Wang L, He X, Zhou T. Fabrication and investigation of multifunctional fluorinated polysiloxane coatings with phenyl as bridging group. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
| | - Cun Lv
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
| | - Jialiang Kang
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
| | - Xuemei He
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
| | - Tianchi Zhou
- College of Textile and Clothing Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
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11
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Yang Q. The Interfacial Structure and Adhesion Mechanism of N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and Epoxy Modified Silicone Tie-Coating to Epoxy Primer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3001. [PMID: 34503041 PMCID: PMC8434322 DOI: 10.3390/polym13173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The matching application of silicone antifouling coating and epoxy primer is a major problem in engineering. Novel epoxy-modified silicone tie-coating was prepared to tie epoxy primer and silicone antifouling coating. Firstly, N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was mechanically mixed with bisphenol A epoxy resin to form silylated epoxy resin, then the silylated epoxy resin was uniformly mixed with hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent and catalyst for coating. An infrared spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter and tensile tests were used to investigate the chemical structure, phase transition temperature and mechanical properties of the tie-coatings. The interlaminar adhesion of the matching coating system was tested and analyzed by a peel-off test and a shear test. Fracture morphology was observed by scanning using an electron microscope. The results showed that crosslinking density of the tie-coating, the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of the coating increased with an increasing epoxy content, but fracture elongation decreased. The shear strength of the matching coating system is 0.37 MPa, and it shows a good tie performance. The maximum anti-peeling rate of the tie-coating on the epoxy primer reaches 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanping Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Y.)
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12
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Li D, Lin Z, Zhu J, Yu J, Liu J, Liu Z, Chen R, Liu Q, Liu P, Wang J. An engineering-oriented approach to construct rough micro/nano-structures for anticorrosion and antifouling application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Mechanical Properties of Protective Coatings against Marine Fouling: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020173. [PMID: 33418953 PMCID: PMC7825044 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of marine organisms on ship hulls, such as microorganisms, barnacles, and seaweeds, represents a global problem for maritime industries, with both economic and environmental costs. The use of biocide-containing paints poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems, affecting both target and non-target organisms driving science and technology towards non-biocidal solutions based on physico-chemical and materials properties of coatings. The review reports recent development of hydrophobic protective coatings in terms of mechanical properties, correlated with the wet ability features. The attention is focused mainly on coatings based on siloxane and epoxy resin due to the wide application fields of such systems in the marine industry. Polyurethane and other systems have been considered as well. These coatings for anti-fouling applications needs to be both long-term mechanically stable, perfectly adherent with the metallic/composite substrate, and capable to detach/destroy the fouling organism. Prospects should focus on developing even “greener” antifouling coatings solutions. These coatings should also be readily addressable to industrial scale-up for large-scale product distribution, possibly at a reasonable cost.
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14
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Liu M, Li S, Wang H, Jiang R, Zhou X. Research progress of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The antifouling mechanisms and research progress in the past three years of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings are introduced in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Shaonan Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Rijia Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Suzhou University of Science andTechnology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
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15
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Trisiloxane Surfactant Adsorption and Aggregation Processes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235669. [PMID: 33271846 PMCID: PMC7730224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The trisiloxane polyether surfactant (3-[3-(hydroxy)(polyethoxy)propyl]-1,1,1,3,5,5,5 -heptamethyltrisiloxane) (TS-EO12) was successfully synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of Karstedt catalyst. The structural analysis of the surfactant was done by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 29Si-NMR and FT-IR analysis. In addition the thermal stability of TS-EO12 was studied by the thermogravimetric measurements. On the one hand the surface properties of TS-EO12 at the water-air interface were investigated by surfactant aqueous solutions surface tension measurements carried out at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K, and on the other the aggregation properties were analyzed based on the solubilization properties of TS-EO12 aggregates at different temperatures. On the basis of the obtained thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization of studied surfactant the temperature impact on its surface and volume properties were deduced. It was proved that the tendency of the studied surfactant molecules to adsorb at the water-air interface and to form micelles weakens with decreasing temperature. It was also concluded that the structure of the adsorption layer changes with temperature. Optical microscopy measurements were used for the TS-EO12 micelle morphology determination.
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16
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Jannatun N, Taraqqi-A-Kamal A, Rehman R, Kuker J, Lahiri SK. A facile cross-linking approach to fabricate durable and self-healing superhydrophobic coatings of SiO2-PVA@PDMS on cotton textile. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092145. [PMID: 32384706 PMCID: PMC7254395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
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