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Li P, Jiang Y, Chen J, Min J, Fu Q, Zhang J. Preparation of high-performance PLA / PBAT blends with hierarchical structure by controlling distribution of oriented region. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Li G, Fei Y, Kuang T, Liu T, Zhong M, Li Y, Jiang J, Turng LS, Chen F. The Injected Foaming Study of Polypropylene/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite with In Situ Fibrillation Reinforcement. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245411. [PMID: 36559778 PMCID: PMC9781881 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explored the injection foaming process of in situ fibrillation reinforced polypropylene composites. Using polypropylene (PP) as the continuous phase, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the dispersed phase, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the conductive filler, and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as the compatibilizer, a MWCNTs/PP-g-MA masterbatch was prepared by using a solution blending method. Then, a lightweight, conductive PP/PTFE/MWCNTs composite foam was prepared by means of extruder granulation and supercritical nitrogen (ScN2) injection foaming. The composite foams were studied in terms of rheology, morphological, foaming behavior and mechanical properties. The results proved that the in situ fibrillation of PTFE can have a remarkable effect on melt strength and viscoelasticity, thus improving the foaming performance; we found that PP/3% PTFE showed excellent performance. Meanwhile, the addition of MWCNTs endows the material with conductive properties, and the conductivity reached was 2.73 × 10-5 S/m with the addition of 0.2 wt% MWCNTs. This study's findings are expected to be applied in the lightweight, antistatic and high-performance automotive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanpei Fei
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Tairong Kuang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhong
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanbiao Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.J.); (F.C.)
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Zhu X, Ren Q, Li W, Wu M, Weng Z, Wang J, Zheng W, Wang L. In situ nanofibrillar fully-biobased poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) composites with promoted crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties, and heat resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yousfi M, Samuel C, Soulestin J, Lacrampe MF. Rheological Considerations in Processing Self-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:637. [PMID: 35160626 PMCID: PMC8839963 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review relates to the field of nanocomposite materials comprising a thermoplastic nanofibrillar phase dispersed in a matrix that is also thermoplastic. The fact of forming the nanofibrillar phase in situ during melt processing gives it the role of a reinforcing nanofiller for thermoplastic materials. This paper discusses the major factors influencing the formation of self-reinforced nanofibrillar polymer composite (NFC) materials throughout manufacturing steps. More specifically, the rheological considerations allowing the prediction of the in situ nanofibrillation during melt blending and post-processing as well as the methods of production of these polymer nanocomposites are described. The major challenges related to the future development in the field of NFCs are addressed. The concept of self-reinforced nanofibrillar polymer materials shows great potential in lightweight eco-design processes and represents a new approach to polymer nanocomposite recycling for a variety of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousfi
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cédric Samuel
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.S.); (J.S.); (M.-F.L.)
| | - Jérémie Soulestin
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.S.); (J.S.); (M.-F.L.)
| | - Marie-France Lacrampe
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.S.); (J.S.); (M.-F.L.)
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Jalali A, Romero-Diez S, Nofar M, Park CB. Entirely environment-friendly polylactide composites with outstanding heat resistance and superior mechanical performance fabricated by spunbond technology: Exploring the role of nanofibrillated stereocomplex polylactide crystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2210-2220. [PMID: 34798187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the manufacturing and characterization of all-polylactide composites prepared by melt spunbond spinning technology. To do so, a series of asymmetric stereocomplex polylactide (SC-PLA) blends (PLLA 95 wt%/PDLA 5 wt%) was melt spun. To examine the impact of molecular structure of PDLA, the blends of linear PLLA, and low and high molecular weight as well as branched PDLAs, were subjected to a single step spunbond process. DSC thermograms of the samples showed two melting temperatures at around 170 °C and 210 °C, which were attributed to the melting of homo and stereocomplex crystals, respectively. The samples were spun at 190 °C, between the homo and stereocomplex crystals' melting temperatures, and at 230 °C, above the stereocomplex crystals' melting temperature. Morphology images showed the formation of fibers in the range of 40-50 μm. Shear rheological measurements revealed that the spun SC-PLA samples had a substantially higher viscosity and storage modulus in the low frequency region, and higher shear thinning behavior, compared to the non-spun samples. Extensional rheology measurements also showed that the spun samples demonstrated strain hardening behavior. Substantial enhancement of rheological properties was noted for the samples containing the branched and high molecular weight PDLA spun at 230 °C. After etching, the spun samples at 190 °C exhibited small spherical crystals with diameters in the range of 80-90 nm, whereas comparatively thin fibers in the size range of 60-70 nm were observed for the samples spun at 230 °C. Remarkable enhancements up to 100% and 60% was noted for the tensile modulus and strength, respectively, of the spun SC-PLA samples. The spun fibers also demonstrated a considerable reduction in boiling water and hot air shrinkage. The distinctive role of nanofibrillated stereocomplex crystals as a rheology modifier and a crystallization nucleating agent makes PLA more sustainable and paves the way for the fabricated all-PLA composites in applications requiring high heat resistance and superior mechanical performance. The present study unequivocally indicates a huge potential for the sustainable entirely all-PLA products manufactured by fiber in fiber and, indeed, unfolds unknown opportunities for PLA-based merchandises in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirjalal Jalali
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sandra Romero-Diez
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada; Multifunctonal Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Mohammadi RS, Zolali AM, Kim JH, Jalali A, Park CB. 3D fibrillated network of compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/polyamide with high melt strength and superior foamability. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Almajid A, Walter R, Kroos T, Junaidi H, Gurka M, Abdelrazek Khalil K. Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020233. [PMID: 33445424 PMCID: PMC7827194 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) is adopted to produce composites of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) materials. The two polymers were dry mixed with PET content ranging from 22 to 45 wt%. The PET has been used as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of composites. The relationship between the morphology of the MFC structure and the mechanical behavior of the MFC filament was investigated. Analysis of the structure and mechanical behavior helped to understand the influence of the stretching ratio, extruder-melt temperature, stretching-chamber temperature, and filament speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Almajid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rolf Walter
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Tim Kroos
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Harry Junaidi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Martin Gurka
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
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Shahnooshi M, Javadi A, Nazockdast H, Ottermann K, Altstädt V. Rheological rationalization of in situ nanofibrillar structure development: Tailoring of nanohybrid shish-kebab superstructures of poly (lactic acid) crystalline phase. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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