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Tran HTT, Nisha SS, Radjef R, Nikzad M, Bjekovic R, Fox B. Recyclable and Biobased Vitrimers for Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1025. [PMID: 38674946 PMCID: PMC11054932 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics and thermosets. With the distinguishing feature of dynamic covalent bonds, vitrimers can be rearranged and reprocessed within their existing network structures in response to external stimuli such as heat or light. This poses a unique solution to repairing damaged composites, extending their service life, and reducing post-consumer waste. However, the synthesis of vitrimers often requires petrochemical consumption, which increases their carbon footprint. Using bio-based materials could be a promising solution to reduce the reliance on petrochemicals and their related pollution. This review compiles the contemporary requirements for bio-based vitrimers regarding their properties, scalability, and recycling features. This article also presents a comprehensive overview of the pathways to produce sustainable bio-based vitrimers and an overview of promising studies showing the potential uses of bio-derived vitrimers on carbon fibre composite productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang T. T. Tran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Shammi Sultana Nisha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Racim Radjef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Mostafa Nikzad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Robert Bjekovic
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany;
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
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2
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Zhao W, Liu J, Wang S, Dai J, Liu X. Bio-Based Thermosetting Resins: From Molecular Engineering to Intrinsically Multifunctional Customization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311242. [PMID: 38504494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in bio-based thermosetting resins in terms of environmental concerns and the desire for sustainable industrial practices. Beyond sustainability, utilizing the structural diversity of renewable feedstock to craft bio-based thermosets with customized functionalities is very worthy of expectation. There exist many bio-based compounds with inherently unique chemical structures and functions, some of which are even difficult to synthesize artificially. Over the past decade, great efforts are devoted to discovering/designing functional properties of bio-based thermosets, and notable progress have been made in antibacterial, antifouling, flame retardancy, serving as carbon precursors, and stimuli responsiveness, among others, largely expanding their application potential and future prospects. In this review, recent advances in the field of functional bio-based thermosets are presented, with a particular focus on molecular structures and design strategies for discovering functional properties. Examples are highlighted wherein functionalities are facilitated by the inherent structures of bio-based feedstock. Perspectives on issues regarding further advances in this field are proposed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jingkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jinyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
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3
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Engelen S, Dolinski ND, Chen C, Ghimire E, Lindberg CA, Crolais AE, Nitta N, Winne JM, Rowan SJ, Du Prez FE. Vinylogous Urea-Urethane Vitrimers: Accelerating and Inhibiting Network Dynamics through Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318412. [PMID: 38198567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Vinylogous urethane (VUO ) based polymer networks are widely used as catalyst-free vitrimers that show rapid covalent bond exchange at elevated temperatures. In solution, vinylogous ureas (VUN ) undergo much faster bond exchange than VUO and are highly dynamic at room temperature. However, this difference in reactivity is not observed in their respective dynamic polymer networks, as VUO and VUN vitrimers prepared herein with very similar macromolecular architectures show comparable stress relaxation and creep behavior. However, by using mixtures of VUO and VUN linkages within the same network, the dynamic reactions can be accelerated by an order of magnitude. The results can be rationalized by the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is absent in VUO vitrimers, but is very pronounced for vinylogous urea moieties. At low concentrations of VUN , these hydrogen bonds act as catalysts for covalent bond exchange, while at high concentration, they provide a pervasive vinylogous urea - urethane (VU) network of strong non-covalent interactions, giving rise to phase separation and inhibiting polymer chain dynamics. This offers a straightforward design principle for dynamic polymer materials, showing at the same time the possible additive and synergistic effects of supramolecular and dynamic covalent polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Engelen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Chuqiao Chen
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Elina Ghimire
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Charlie A Lindberg
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Alex E Crolais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Natsumi Nitta
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering at, University of Chicago, IL 60637, Chicago, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Yan C, Feng X, Konlan J, Mensah P, Li G. Overcoming the barrier: designing novel thermally robust shape memory vitrimers by establishing a new machine learning framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30049-30065. [PMID: 37906214 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory vitrimers (SMVs) are an emerging class of advanced materials that have garnered significant interest from researchers in the past five to six years. These materials can return to their original shape when exposed to a stimulus, while also healing damage they have sustained. However, achieving both high healing/recycling efficiency and a high glass transition temperature (Tg) in SMVs has been challenging, due to the conflicting requirements between molecular chain mobility and the formation and reaction of dynamic covalent bond exchange. Based on the understanding of chemo-physical properties, this study first leverages machine learning (ML), involving supervised and unsupervised learning approaches, to navigate this complex design space of SMVs. Furthermore, we elaborated the basic mathematical frameworks of ML approaches and comprehensively compared their performances. Based on the best performing model, we designed four types of thermally robust shape memory vitrimers (TRSMVs), which boast high recycling efficiency, elevated Tg, and exemplary shape memory effects, overcoming conventional barriers. One of the discovered samples exhibited outstanding performance with a Tg of 233.5 °C, a recycling efficiency of 84.1%, and a recovery stress of 33 MPa in experiments. It aligns well with ML predictions, showcasing the potential of our ML framework in driving innovative materials design and advancing the field of smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
| | - Xiaming Feng
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - John Konlan
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Patrick Mensah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Stewart KA, Lessard JJ, Cantor AJ, Rynk JF, Bailey LS, Sumerlin BS. High-performance polyimine vitrimers from an aromatic bio-based scaffold. RSC APPLIED POLYMERS 2023; 1:10-18. [PMID: 38013907 PMCID: PMC10540462 DOI: 10.1039/d3lp00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based vitrimers represent a promising class of thermosetting polymer materials, pairing the recyclability of dynamic covalent networks with the renewability of non-fossil fuel feedstocks. Vanillin, a low-cost lignin derivative, enables facile construction of polyimine networks marked by rapid exchange and sensitivity to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Furthermore, the aromatic structure makes it a promising candidate for the design of highly aromatic networks capable of high-performance thermal and dimensional stability. Such properties are paramount in polymeric thermal protection systems. Here, we report on the fabrication of polyimine networks with particularly high aromatic content from a novel trifunctional vanillin monomer prepared from the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of perfluoropyridine (PFP) on a multi-gram scale (>20 g) in high yield (86%). The trifunctional aromatic scaffold was then crosslinked with various diamines to demonstrate tunable viscoelastic behavior and thermal properties, with glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 9 to 147 °C, degradation temperatures (5% mass loss) up to approximately 370 °C, and excellent char yields up to 68% at 650 °C under nitrogen. Moreover, the vitrimers displayed mechanical reprocessability over five destruction/healing cycles and rapid chemical recyclability following acidic hydrolysis at mild temperatures. Our findings indicate that vitrimers possessing tunable properties and high-performance thermomechanical behavior can be easily constructed from vanillin and electrophilic aromatic scaffolds for applications in heat-shielding materials and ablative coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Stewart
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Jacob J Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Alexander J Cantor
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - John F Rynk
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
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6
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Ma Y, Jiang X, Shi Z, Berrocal JA, Weder C. Closed-Loop Recycling of Vinylogous Urethane Vitrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306188. [PMID: 37439363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Devising energy-efficient strategies for the depolymerization of plastics and the recovery of their structural components in high yield and purity is key to a circular plastics economy. Here, we report a case study in which we demonstrate that vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers synthesized from bis-polyethylene glycol acetoacetates (aPEG) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine can be degraded by water at moderate temperature with almost quantitative recovery (≈98 %) of aPEG. The rate of depolymerization can be controlled by the temperature, amount of water, molecular weight of aPEG, and composition of the starting material. These last two parameters also allow one to tailor the mechanical properties of the final materials, and this was used to access soft, tough, and brittle vitrimers, respectively. The straightforward preparation and depolymerization of the aPEG-based VU vitrimers are interesting elements for the design of polymer materials with enhanced closed-loop recycling characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Ma
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Tao Y, Liang X, Zhang J, Lei IM, Liu J. Polyurethane vitrimers: Chemistry, properties and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Xiangyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
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8
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Schoustra SK, de Heer Kloots MHP, Posthuma J, van Doorn D, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Phase Separation in Imine-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10341-10355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren K. Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. P. de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Posthuma
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van Doorn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Xu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wu J. Vinylogous Urethane Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Closed-Loop and Multiple Recycling Routes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
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10
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of intrinsically recyclable biobased epoxy thermosets enabled by dynamic chemical bonds. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Yang Y, Xia Z, Huang L, Wu R, Niu Z, Fan W, Dai Q, He J, Bai C. Renewable Vanillin-Based Thermoplastic Polybutadiene Rubber: High Strength, Recyclability, Self-Welding, Shape Memory, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47025-47035. [PMID: 36214770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of traditional vulcanized rubber products are insoluble and infusible, which is difficult to reprocess and biodegrade, resulting in black pollution. In addition, although most rubber materials based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs) can achieve structural reconstruction, the lack of traditional vulcanization system leads to a decline in strength. In this study, biobased vanillin derivatives (PV) were synthesized to cross-link the commercially available 1,2-polybutadiene rubber precursor to construct imine-based CANs, thereby fabricating a resource-renewable, recyclable, and degradable high-performance rubber material. Due to the rigid tripod structure of the PV, the tensile strength of the material can achieve as high as 16.24 MPa, ranking among the best in the field of recyclable polybutadiene-based materials. Benefiting from the dynamic imine unit, the "dynamic covalent bridge" can be re-established to repair the damaged network and endow the material with excellent weldability. And, shape memory faculty of the material was proved and depicted. Moreover, this material displayed excellent antibacterial property originates from the introduced Schiff-base structure. By mixing with graphene, the application of action sensors can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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Bio-Vitrimers for Sustainable Circular Bio-Economy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204338. [PMID: 36297916 PMCID: PMC9606967 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) and cut CO2-emission is forcing researchers to develop bio-based materials over conventional polymers. Since most of the established bio-based polymeric materials demonstrate prominent sustainability, however, performance, cost, and durability limit their utilization in real-time applications. Additionally, a sustainable circular bioeconomy (CE) ensures SDGs deliver material production, where it ceases the linear approach from production to waste. Simultaneously, sustainable circular bio-economy promoted materials should exhibit the prominent properties to involve and substitute conventional materials. These interceptions can be resolved through state-of-the-art bio-vitrimeric materials that display durability/mechanical properties such as thermosets and processability/malleability such as thermoplastics. This article emphasizes the current need for vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals; as well as to summarize the developed bio-based vitrimers (including reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties) and their requirements for a sustainable circular economy in future prospects.
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13
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Reprocessable and degradable bio-based polyurethane by molecular design engineering with extraordinary mechanical properties for recycling carbon fiber. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Pomilovskis R, Mierina I, Beneš H, Trhlíková O, Abolins A, Fridrihsone A, Kirpluks M. The Synthesis of Bio-Based Michael Donors from Tall Oil Fatty Acids for Polymer Development. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194107. [PMID: 36236055 PMCID: PMC9572469 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of a Michael donor compound from cellulose production by-products—tall oil fatty acids—was developed. The developed Michael donor compounds can be further used to obtain polymeric materials after nucleophilic polymerization through the Michael reaction. It can be a promising alternative method for conventional polyurethane materials, and the Michael addition polymerization reaction takes place under milder conditions than non-isocyanate polyurethane production technology, which requires high pressure, high temperature and a long reaction time. Different polyols, the precursors for Michael donor components, were synthesized from epoxidized tall oil fatty acids by an oxirane ring-opening and esterification reaction with different alcohols (trimethylolpropane and 1,4-butanediol). The addition of functional groups necessary for the Michael reaction was carried out by a transesterification reaction of polyol hydroxyl groups with tert-butyl acetoacetate ester. The following properties of the developed polyols and their acetoacetates were analyzed: hydroxyl value, acid value, moisture content and viscosity. The chemical structure was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis was used for structure identification for this type of acetoacetate for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralfs Pomilovskis
- Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes St. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Inese Mierina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Trhlíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Arnis Abolins
- Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes St. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Fridrihsone
- Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes St. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mikelis Kirpluks
- Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes St. 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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15
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Bio-Based Polymer Developments from Tall Oil Fatty Acids by Exploiting Michael Addition. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194068. [PMID: 36236017 PMCID: PMC9571392 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, previously developed acetoacetates of two tall-oil-based and two commercial polyols were used to obtain polymers by the Michael reaction. The development of polymer formulations with varying cross-link density was enabled by different bio-based monomers in combination with different acrylates—bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. New polymer materials are based on the same polyols that are suitable for polyurethanes. The new polymers have qualities comparable to polyurethanes and are obtained without the drawbacks that come with polyurethane extractions, such as the use of hazardous isocyanates or reactions under harsh conditions in the case of non-isocyanate polyurethanes. Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and universal strength testing equipment were used to investigate the physical and thermal characteristics of the created polymers. Polymers with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties were obtained (glass transition temperature from 21 to 63 °C; tensile modulus (Young’s) from 8 MPa to 2710 MPa and tensile strength from 4 to 52 MPa). The synthesized polymers are thermally stable up to 300 °C. The suggested method may be used to make two-component polymer foams, coatings, resins, and composite matrices.
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16
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Guo X, Liu F, Lv M, Chen F, Gao F, Xiong Z, Chen X, Shen L, Lin F, Gao X. Self-Healable Covalently Adaptable Networks Based on Disulfide Exchange. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193953. [PMID: 36235901 PMCID: PMC9570560 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing dynamic covalent bonding into thermoset polymers has received considerable attention because they can repair or recover when damaged, thereby minimizing waste and extending the service life of thermoset polymers. However, most of the yielded dynamic covalent bonds require an extra catalyst, high temperature and high-pressure conditions to trigger their self-healing properties. Herein, we report on a catalyst-free bis-dynamic covalent polymer network containing vinylogous urethane and disulfide bonds. It is revealed that the introduction of disulfide bonds significantly reduces the activation energy (reduced from 94 kJ/mol to 51 kJ/mol) of the polymer system for exchanging and promotes the self-healing efficiency (with a high efficiency of 86.92% after being heated at 100 °C for 20 h) of the material. More importantly, the mechanical properties of the healed materials are comparable to those of the initial ones due to the special bis-dynamic covalent polymer network. These results suggest that the bis-dynamic covalent polymer network made of disulfide and inter-vinyl ester bonds opens a new strategy for developing high-performance vitrimer polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Meng Lv
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fengbiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhenhua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Faman Lin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuelang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.G.); (X.G.)
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17
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Abdur Rashid M, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of reversible dynamic bonds containing intrinsically flame retardant biomass thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Acosta Ortiz R, Sánchez Huerta RS, Ledezma Pérez AS, García Valdez AE. Synthesis of a Curing Agent Derived from Limonene and the Study of Its Performance to Polymerize a Biobased Epoxy Resin Using the Epoxy/Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112192. [PMID: 35683863 PMCID: PMC9182678 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of a curing agent derived from limonene as well as its application to prepare biobased thermoset polymers via the epoxy/thiol-ene photopolymerization (ETE) method. A biobased commercial epoxy resin was used to synthesize a crosslinked polymeric matrix of polyether-polythioether type. The preparation of the curing agent required two steps. First, a diamine intermediate was prepared by means of a thiol-ene coupling reaction between limonene and cysteamine hydrochloride. Second, the primary amino groups of the intermediate compound were alkylated using allyl bromide. The obtained ditertiary amine-functionalized limonene compound was purified and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies along with GC-MS. The curing agent was formulated with a tetrafunctional thiol in stoichiometric ratio, and a photoinitiator at 1 mol % concentration, as the components of a thiol-ene system (TES). Two formulations were prepared in which molar concentrations of 30 and 40 mol % of the TES were added to the epoxy resin. The kinetics of the ETE photopolymerizations were determined by means of Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy, which demonstrated high reactivity by observing photopolymerization rates in the range of 1.50–2.25 s−1 for the epoxy, double bonds and thiol groups. The obtained polymers were analyzed by thermal and thermo-mechanical techniques finding glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 60 °C and 52 °C for the polymers derived from the formulations with 30 mol % and 40 mol % of TES, respectively. Potential applications for these materials can be foreseen in the area of coatings.
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19
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology Gazipur‐1707 Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
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20
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Lucherelli MA, Duval A, Avérous L. Biobased vitrimers: Towards sustainable and adaptable performing polymer materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Builes Cárdenas C, Gayraud V, Rodriguez ME, Costa J, Salaberria AM, Ruiz de Luzuriaga A, Markaide N, Dasan Keeryadath P, Calderón Zapatería D. Study into the Mechanical Properties of a New Aeronautic-Grade Epoxy-Based Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Vitrimer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061223. [PMID: 35335553 PMCID: PMC8949552 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current drive for sustainability demands recyclable matrices for composite materials. Vitrimers combine thermoset properties with reprocessability, but their mechanical performance in highly loaded applications, for instance, composites for aeronautics, is still to be demonstrated. This work presents the complete mechanical characterization of a new vitrimer reinforced with carbon fiber. This vitrimer formulation consists of functional epoxy groups and a new dynamic disulfide crosslinks-based hardener. The testing campaign for the vitrimer composites encompassed tension, compression, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), in-plane shear (IPS), open-hole tension (OHT) and compression (OHC), filled-hole compression (FHC) and interlaminar fracture toughness tests under mode I and II. Test conditions included room temperature and high temperature of 70 °C and 120 °C, respectively, after moisture saturation. Tension and flexural tests also were applied on the neat vitrimer resin. The results compared well with those obtained for current aeronautic materials manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). The lower values observed in compression and ILSS derived from the thermoplastic veils included as a toughening material. This work demonstrates that the vitrimer formulation presented meets the requirements of current matrices for aeronautic-grade carbon-reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Builes Cárdenas
- Composites Unit, Eurecat—Technological Center of Catalonia, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.B.C.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Vincent Gayraud
- Composites Unit, Eurecat—Technological Center of Catalonia, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
- Composites Unit, Eurecat—Technological Center of Catalonia, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.B.C.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Josep Costa
- Analysis and Advanced Materials for Structural Design (AMADE), Polytechnic School, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Asier M. Salaberria
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.M.S.); (A.R.d.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.M.S.); (A.R.d.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Nerea Markaide
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.M.S.); (A.R.d.L.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Diego Calderón Zapatería
- IDEC, Engineering Composites Advanced Solution, C/Albert Einstein 29, 01510 Miñano Menor, Spain;
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22
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Wang XZ, Xie DM, Zhao XL, Li YD, Zeng JB. Sustainable, Malleable, and Recyclable Castor Oil-Derived Poly(urethane urea) Networks with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Performance Based on Dynamic Piperazine–Urea Bonds. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong-Mei Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian-Bing Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Shang Q, Hu Y, Song F, Jia P, Zhu G, Huang J, Liu C, Hu L, Zhou Y. Mechanically robust, healable, shape memory, and reprocessable biobased polymers based on dynamic pyrazole-urea bonds. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Vidil T, Llevot A. Fully Biobased Vitrimers: Future Direction Towards Sustainable Cross‐Linked Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vidil
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
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25
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Engelen S, Wróblewska AA, De Bruycker K, Aksakal R, Ladmiral V, Caillol S, Du Prez FE. Sustainable design of vanillin-based vitrimers using vinylogous urethane chemistry. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A vanillin derivative containing β-hydroxy-amine functionalities was introduced into vitrimer materials using vinylogous urethane chemistry. These new materials have a high bio-based content and show fast reprocessability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Engelen
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Alicja Wróblewska
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Zhang C, Lu X, Wang Z, Xia H. Progress in Utilizing Dynamic Bonds to Fabricate Structurally Adaptive Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Liquid Crystal Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100768. [PMID: 34964192 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers are capable of mimicking the biological systems to adapt themselves to the surrounding environmental changes and subsequently exhibiting a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to complex shape-morphing. Dynamic self-healing polymers (SHPs), shape-memory polymers (SMPs) and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are three representative examples of stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers, have been attracting broad and growing interest in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, sensors, soft robots, artificial muscles, and so on. We review recent advances and challenges in the developments towards dynamic SHPs, SMPs and LCEs, focusing on the chemistry strategies and the dynamic reaction mechanisms that enhance the performances of the materials including self-healing, reprocessing and reprogramming. We compare and discuss the different dynamic chemistries and their mechanisms on the enhanced functions of the materials, where three summary tables are presented: a library of dynamic bonds and the resulting characteristics of the materials. Finally, we provide a critical outline of the unresolved issues and future perspectives on the emerging developments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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27
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Wei X, Ge J, Gao F, Chen F, Zhang W, Zhong J, Lin C, Shen L. Bio-based self-healing coating material derived from renewable castor oil and multifunctional alamine. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Guo X, Gao F, Chen F, Zhong J, Shen L, Lin C, Lin Y. Dynamic Enamine-one Bond Based Vitrimer via Amino-yne Click Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1186-1190. [PMID: 35549045 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of a dynamic enamine-one bond based vitrimer through amino-yne click chemistry. In contrast to amine-acetoacetate condensation, the amino-yne click reaction yields a dynamic enamine-one motif that is composed of cis/trans (3:1) isomers and has a relatively lower activation energy (35 ± 3 kJ/mol vs 59 ± 6 kJ/mol), owing to the absence of a methyl substituent. The resulting vitrimer network has superior mechanical properties and faster dynamic exchange than that of a reference vitrimer derived from amine-acetoacetate condensation, and they are attributed to the fewer network defects and the less sterically hindered exchange reaction, respectively. Lastly, the efficient amino-yne click reaction is demonstrated to be compatible with the secondary-amine substrate, which has a low reactivity toward the amine-acetoacetate condensation. The efficient and side product-free amino-yne reaction offers a powerful chemical tool for vitrimer fabrication and is potentially desirable for sealing and adhesion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Fengbiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Cong Lin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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29
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Bio-based vitrimer-like polyurethane based on dynamic imine bond with high-strength, reprocessability, rapid-degradability and antibacterial ability. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Activated Carbon- (AC-) Epoxy Vitrimer Biocomposite: Thermomechanical and Self-Healing Performance. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5561755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrimeric materials have emerged as fascinating and sustainable materials owing to their malleability, reprocessability, and recyclability. Sustainable vitrimeric materials can be prepared by reinforcing polymeric matrix with bioderived fillers. In the current work, a sustainable vitrimer is prepared by incorporating biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) filler into the epoxy matrix to achieve enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, prepared biocomposite vitrimers demonstrate a lower-temperature self-healing (70°C for 5 min) via disulfide exchanges, compared to the pristine epoxy vitrimers (80°C for 5 min). Significantly, the self-healing performances have been studied extensively with the flexural studies; and changes in material healing efficiency have been demonstrated based on the observed changes in modulus.
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